I-Historical School of Law: izimbangela, abameleli, imibono esemqoka

Ingxenye yesibili ye-XVIII - yokuqala ye-XIX leminyaka. - yisikhathi lapho kunakekelwa khona ngokucophelela inkinga yomthetho, ukubukeka nokuthuthukiswa kwayo, ithonya layo ekubunjweni komuntu nakumlando wezwe ngalinye. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuphikisana okufudumele kwaba yi-school of law, okuyinto edumile kunazo zonke izifundiswa zaseGermany uG. Hugo, uG. Puchta noK. Savigny.

Umsebenzi wabo waqala ngokugxeka, okwakungaphansi kwemithetho yemvelo yemvelaphi yomthetho. U-G. Hugo noC. C. Savigny bathi akukho sidingo sokubiza ushintsho olunzulu kumyalelo okhona. Ngokombono wabo, kunoma yimuphi umuntu nomphakathi isimo esivamile sizinzile, kunokuba kuhlolwe njalo okuhlose ukwamukela imithetho eqhubekayo okumele iguqule kakhulu isimo somuntu.

Isikole somlando sokwemlando sisekelwe ekuphakamisweni ukuthi lesi sikhungo esibaluleke kakhulu akumele sibhekwe njengalokhu sinikezwe ngenhla ezikhungweni umphakathi okufanele ulandele. Ngokwemvelo, lapho isikhala somthetho sakhiwa, umbuso udlala indima ethile, kodwa akuyona into eqondile kule ndaba. Izindinganiso zomthetho njengoba umlawuli oyinhloko wokuphila komphakathi zivela ngokungalindelekile, ekubukeni kwazo kunzima ukuthola noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okunengqondo. Ukuvela okulungile ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo kwabantu ngabanye, lapho ezinye noma ezinye izinqubo ezivinjelwe noma eziphoqelekile ziqala ukuba nomlingiswa ojwayelekile owaziwayo. Kulesi simo, imithetho edluliselwe yizwe isenzo sokugcina sokunikeza amandla omthetho ezinkambisweni zomthetho.

Isikole somlando sokwemlando, noma kunalokho abameleli bayo, sasiphakathi kokuqala ukuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkambiso zomthetho emphakathini kunenhloso, akuxhomeki ezifisweni zomuntu ngamunye, ngisho nabantu abanethonya elikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abavamile abakwazi ukuthonya lokhu kuthuthukiswa, njengoba zonke izinguquko zitholela kancane kancane. Ngakho isiphetho esenziwe nguK. Savigny: abantu abanelungelo lokushintsha ngokungahleliwe i-oda elikhona lezinto. Kufanele azame ukuvumelanisa nezimo ezikhona, noma ngabe ziphikisana nemvelo yakhe.

Esinye isici salomqondo wokuthuthukiswa komthetho kwakuwukuthi ososayensi baseJalimane baqala ukuzama ukuchaza izici zezwe kanye nokungafani ohlelweni lomthetho. Ngokusho komqondo wabo, umthetho uqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwabantu ngokwabo, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkambiso zomthetho zithinteka yizici ezithile zomzweli. Ngakho-ke, isikole somlando sasifuna ukukhombisa ukungenakwenzeka kokudluliselwa okungahambisani nemigomo yezomthetho kusuka kwesinye isimo kuya kwesinye. Ngokusho kososayensi, lokhu kuboleka kungenza kuphela ukushisa okusha emphakathini.

Isikole somthetho, naphezu kokugxekwa okubi kakhulu kwabaningi kanye nabameleli bezizukulwane ezalandela, babe nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukucabanga komphakathi. Ngokuyinhloko, imfundiso ka-Hegel yomthetho ngokuyinhloko isekelwe ekuqondeni kwakhe kwalesi sikhungo njengento eguqukayo eqhubekayo enezimpande ezicacile zomlando.