I-United States kanye nomhlaba obumbi bomnotho ka-1929

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yokuqala 1914-1918. Soedinenney States ekugcineni anesikhundla ehola emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba. Ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba ukubhujiswa Europe ikhotha emanceba abo futhi akhe kabusha umnotho, America, akazange ukuqhuba imisebenzi yezempi ngo-insimu yalo, sesiye umbolekisi global futhi izuzisa zezimali. Konke lokhu kuboniswa nokukhula ngokushesha ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, inhlokodolobha ukunwetshwa, ukwanda imikhiqizo kwamanye amazwe. Lesi simo kokubili uhulumeni kanye namabhizinisi imibuthano, futhi izakhamuzi okulula e-United States wadala inkohliso kugeleza izimpahla kungenziwa zisebenzisa unomphela.

Izibonakaliso ucingo kuqala inhlekelele yembulunga yonke kwezomnotho ngo-1929 asinikeza ekupheleni kuka-October 1929, lapho kwakukhona Ngokuwa Yiqiniso ukwabelana overpriced. Wahlupheka kusukela zaseMelika eziyizigidi ezingu amabili nanhlanu, le ebuyile wathatha umkhakha yasebhange. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona iphuzu kokuqala Okukhulu Kwezomnotho likhungethwe umhlaba wonke.

Inkinga global kwezomnotho ka-1929 kwaba Eqinisweni esibucayi ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele, okuyinto, njengoba sazi, has a cyclical ezithile. Ngenxa yokuthi umkhiqizo nenqwaba impahla lidlule ngokufunwa, kwaba nenkinga amabhizinisi amaningi, nakho wadonsa esibucayi amabhange ezinkulu nezincane. Ukwephula inqubo yemvelo kwemithetho kwezomnotho kuye kwaholela incithakalo lamazwe wonke, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke a crisis ezweni 1929 hit e Melika. Ngakho yayiphonsa izwe engamashumi amabili edlule, lapho namanje akazange baphupha nokuchuma.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi global obumbi bomnotho ka 1929-1933, nomthelela obalulekile hhayi kuphela emnothweni, kodwa futhi imibono sonke isizwe American. Wokuziqambela, okuyinto wakhuthaza amakhulu eminyaka, sesihlanganisiwe baphoqeleka ukuba bavume yokwehluleka kwakhe. It Ngabamba kokungenela ngokushesha umbuso izakhiwo zebhizinisi yangasese, okuyinto e-United States kuze kube manje akakaze.

Ngo pedantry yayo futhi Inkani uMongameli Hoover kwaba nakancane ukuthi izwe ngeke ngokuzenzakalelayo ophumayo crisis - kwaba ukholo oluqinile ukuze emnothweni US. Nokho, ngesikhathi kunezinkinga wafakazela ukuthi kuso kuphela Ubangwa. Izwe laqala iziteleka nemiboniso, isikhungo credit sidaliwe ngaphakathi, amabhange asekelwe, umkhakha kanye ezokuthutha, ihhovisi ekhethekile yadalelwa abalimi. Zonke amabhizinisi inertia baqhubeka ukusekela ukukhiqizwa, kodwa eqinisweni inkinga kwaba nesidingo ongaphakeme sabantu ngenxa emphahleni. Ngeshwa, umsebenzi zalezi zakhiwo akuzange kuphumelele ngakho, ngokushesha ukuletha izwe aphume esibucayi.

Inkinga global kwezomnotho ka-1929 lakhula. Cadence Herbert Hoover yabhujiswa. Sekuyisikhathi sokuba ushintsho futhi isinyathelo esiwujuqu. Okhethweni ka-1933 e-United States linqoba Democrat Franklin Roosevelt, ababethi le okuthiwa "Deal okusha", kakhulu ukudonsa lizwe aphume esibucayi. Kwakuwusuku umongameli kuphela wakhethwa ezingaphezu kuka kabili zilandelana, wahola izwe ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni - phakathi neNkathi Yokuwohloka kanye neMpi Yezwe II.

Roosevelt wathatha Melika laphinde labhidlika. Umphakathi uye waphelelwa ukumethemba lwemali US, songo olwandayo kokuntengantenga kwezimali, ngenxa dollar ngobuningi elahliwe ukuthenga igolide. Isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi kwaba irekhodi okusezingeni eliphezulu - abangaba yizigidi ezingu-nanhlanu Awunawo ababasekelayo.

Ingqikithi oyinhloko inkambo Roosevelt - kokungenela umbuso emnothweni. Manje, isikhundla ibhizinisi ngaphandle amabhizinisi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi isimo ngokwayo, okuyinto isibe Umlawuli eyinhloko ubudlelwano phakathi osomabhizinisi, amabhange, zabasebenzi. Izinyathelo ezathathwa, kwakufanele ngezinga elithile akuzona ethandwa phakathi kwabantu kanye osomabhizinisi, kodwa rigidity we izingxenye le nqubomgomo kuye kwaholela ushintsho oluhle. Ngenxa yalokho we "Yiqiniso entsha" we inhlekelele yembulunga yonke kwezomnotho ka-1929 Yaqala ashona, kodwa inqubomgomo isiqondiso isimo baqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1945 Roosevelt. Wabanikeza yisisusa esinamandla ukuze izwe eside yokusiza umuntu ukuba aphefumule yezimo zomnotho, ngakho manje Melika isesikhundleni wokuqala kuleli emakethe emhlabeni.