I soMfula ob. Isimo ibalazwe Russian.

Ngu ukuhlanganisa amanzi Katun futhi Biya yazalwa umfula omkhulukazi ob. Umthombo futhi umlomo wayo sise ibanga 3650 amakhilomitha kusuka komunye nomunye. Uma lokhu ibanga likalwa kusukela soMfula Irtysh, le owumthelela eyinhloko eMfuleni ob, kuyoba 5410 amakhilomitha. Izinkomba uvumele ob ungenele esigabeni emifula omude kunayo yonke e-Russia. E-Asia, kuba lesibili omude kunayo yonke.

I ezindawo indawo emfuleni

Banikezwe nemibandela supply kwesigubhu, uhlobo inethiwekhi emfuleni, amanzi umbuso, the OB ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. Kusukela umthombo emlonyeni evamile angawodwa engenhla, maphakathi kanye izingxenye engezansi emfuleni.

Upper ob Lengxenye iqala kusukela confluence lo Biya ne Katun luphele umlomo lo Tom River - a woMfula ob. Lapha emfuleni ngokuvamile wind, ukushintsha isiqondiso yayo ukugeleza, ukuvula ke kuya enyakatho-ke uma uya entshonalanga.
Le ngxenye phakathi ob kuvela ekubumbaneni nge Tom wakhe ukuze confluence we Irtysh. Kusuka lapha iqala esigabeni engezansi emfuleni, ezisabalele kuya ePersian we-OB. Nansi i-esizalweni somfula we eMfuleni ob.
Altai Krai, saseTomsk naseNovosibirsk izifunda, Yamalo-Nenets futhi Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - okungukuthi enkulu yezimboni izifunda of Russia, lapho umfula ob notshwala.
Umthombo nomlomo kwesigubhu elise zokuzamazama ezahlukene zezulu ngenxa kude nomunye.

Umsuka wegama Igama lomfula

Ososayensi ehlukile lokuchaza imvelaphi igama Obi. Kunenkolelo-mbono ethi ke lisuselwa izwi Russian "kokubili". Ob kuvela ngemuva kokuhlangana kwe-(kokubili) emifuleni emibili. Umlomo ob River Kwahlolisiswa by Russian abathengisi phambi Ermak sika ukunqoba. Zonke ezindaweni ezakhelene emfuleni, ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi Obdorsk.

Kungenzeka nokuthi igama elithi ob kusho "amanzi" iza kithi ezivela olimini Iranian. Yilokho yayingase ibizwe ngokuthi emfuleni abantu ezijulile ebebaphila lasendulo, eRoma, eseningizimu ye- Western eSiberia.

Abantu the OB emfuleni esizalweni somfula, ngalolu suku libizwa emfuleni ngendlela yalo. Salle-imigodi - "Mysovaya emfuleni." Ngakho ngokuthi ob le Nenets. Khanty futhi Mansi walibiza Al, okusho "nomfula omkhulu." Nge ulimi igama Selkup kusho "nomfula omkhulu."

umfula

Umthombo oyinhloko replenishment ezingeni amanzi e Obi kukhona imvula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uzamcolo lugujwa entwasahlobo, ihlobo noma ekwindla - inkathi of snowmelt asebenzayo nasemvuleni.

Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla kazamcolo emfuleni iqala ekuqaleni kuka-April, ngokuhamba maphakathi - engxenyeni lwenyanga yesibili. Ezansi kwesigubhu kanye soMfula ob ukhulisa izinga lamanzi iqala ngasekupheleni April futhi ihlala ngokusebenzisa Meyi.
isikhathi uzamcolo, kubangelwa ukuncibilika kweqhwa usuthathelwa imvula izikhukhula. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi umfula, ingase iqhubeke iqhwa-up. Kuye indawo nobunjalo izimo emfuleni sezulu esingesihle kuleya ndawo ob kungenzeka ngaphansi ice phakathi nonyaka kusukela ezingu-180 220.

Isilwane emhlabeni Echibini

Amanzi ob ezihlukahlukene evamile ezinkulu zezinto eziphilayo izinhlanzi ukuthi ibalulekile emakhemisi. I eyigugu kakhulu wabo - peled, Sturgeon, whitefish, Sturgeon, whitefish, salmon emhlophe. eziyizimbangela ezinye zalezi zinhlobo lwenzeka ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula. bamba kwabo imithetho ekhethekile kanye nemithetho kahulumeni.
Ngo ngezinga ezimbonini kanye zibanjwa zinhlobo ezifana Pike-perch, bream, carp, perch, Pike, burbot, ide.

Umlomo ob River, izixhumanisi zazo uqondane kwe-Arctic Circle, kuyinto ndawo kwezinhlobo eziningi Waterfowl. Ezinye zazo ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni futhi wokuvikela wombuso.

Amadolobha nezimbobo Obi

Sekuyisikhathi eside River ukhangwa abantu. Wayengeyena nje kuphela umthombo wamanzi amasha, kodwa futhi ahlinzeke ukudla womuntu. On lidla izindwani, futhi kuze kube namuhla kukhona ezingaphezu kwekhulu emizaneni. Phakathi kwabo kukhona imizi enkulu yezimboni, lapho zifakwa, yesimanje emfuleni nezimbobo. Navigation eMfuleni ob nemingenela yayo basungula ekhulwini XVIII.

Idolobha sise soMfula ob futhi yonke ingxenye engezansi zawo, ulubone wacabangela ethembisayo sokugcwaliseka kwaso. Lezi zihlanganisa Salekhard, Labytnangi, Nizhnevartovsk, Megion, Nefteyugansk, Langepas.
Surgut Yakhiwa ngaphesheya kwebhuloho emfuleni, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba kokuwela umgwaqo ob futhi izitimela noma nini konyaka. Kukho konke, ezingxenyeni ezehlukene ob eyakhelwe amabhuloho amabili kweshumi, okuyinto lula kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi emizaneni nasemadolobheni kwelungelo futhi ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni.

Gulf of OB Bay kanye umlomo ob

Namuhla yaziwa ukuthi soMfula ob kungukuqala omunye amatheku ngobukhulu yoLwandle Kara - Gulf of OB. Incazelo yokuqala yesayensi lemikhakha basonta ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, baye ekhiqizwa sibonga izenzo zobuqhawe wabahloli Arctic. cwaningo eqondile indawo baqala esikhathini eside ngaphambi ukubukeka lezi zincazelo.
Ubude Bay ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu imayelana 800 amakhilomitha. ububanzi kuhluka a amamitha ambalwa kuya emashumini amakhilomitha, lo we Bay ukujula futhi akufani. I usawoti ka emanzini angasogwini sincane kakhulu ngenxa esiningi amanzi ahlanzekile, okuletha the OB kanye neminye imifula ezincane.
Kusukela confluence eMfuleni Irtysh beya emzaneni Peregrebnoe umfula ugeleza khona e umthambo ezijulile. isiteshi Ezansi iba ezincane futhi ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amabili, obumba Big futhi Small ob.
Ngezinye umlomo ob has inqwaba iziqhingi, sebuningini dissected ka mapayipi. Ukugeleza kancane emfuleni kule ndawo ngenxa emthambekeni okuncane womhlaba. Impendulo yombuzo we soMfula ob kuyinto enyakatho noma eningizimu ye-Arctic Circle, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze uthole umqondo mayelana esifundeni sezulu. Njengoba sazi ukuthi izixhumanisi esizalweni somfula ewela parallel 66th, ungakwazi ngempela ukuchaza isimo sezulu esifundeni. Long ebusika nge ongaphakeme izinga lokushisa komoya, ehlobo lemifisha sezulu variable, okufutshane ezikhulayo inkathi kwenza engcupheni ezinzima, kahle uyakufanelekela ukuba uhlalwe ngabantu.