I physiology umsoco. Kubaluleka physiology umsoco

Ukudla - kwenye yezingxenye oyinhloko yezempilo, umsebenzi kanye nekhwalithi yempilo jikelele. Kodwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke laba izingxenye ezisetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukunikezela esifike ngesikhathi umzimba nge izinto ezithile e isilinganiso esifanelekile nevolumu. Physiology okunomsoco etadisha indlela yokwakheka yokudla komuntu kufanele: kangakanani idinga amaprotheni, fat, carbohydrate, amavithamini namaminerali ukuze Ukusebenza kahle. Futhi, lolu legatsha isayensi igxile izindlela nezikhathi ukudla, umthamo yayo, futhi izakhiwo ngokomzimba.

carbohydrate

Physiology kwabantu umsoco carbohydrate esabela indzima lesembili amandla umzimba. Siyabonga kubo, ngamunye uthola supply okusheshayo wamandla namandla, kuhlanganise ngomsebenzi engqondo. Amakhabhohayidrethi imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana:

• plastic (ingxenye izicubu kwezitho ezahlukahlukene);
• zokulawula (ungavumeli buthelela fat namachibi ukusabela ketones);
• toning (izinqubo asebenzayo isimiso sezinzwa);
• kobuthi egazini (ukuhoxiswa amakhemikhali anobuthi).

Isakhiwo amakhemikhali isilinganiso hydrogen nomoya-mpilo-athomu omoya-efana molecule yamanzi.

Ukudla wathola ezintathu izinhlobo carbohydrate:

• compounds monosaccharide (emelelwa ne-glucose fructose);
• kwakwakhe oligosaccharide (emelelwa saccharose, lactose futhi maltose);
• polysaccharide compounds (isitashi emelelwa, glycogen, cellulose futhi pectin izinto).

Imithombo carbohydrate - ngokuyinhloko ukudla isitshalo: izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, njll ...

amafutha

zomzimba Eyisisekelo kanye ukudla kwenhlanzeko aqukethe ingxenye ku amafutha like mayelana izingxenye eziyisisekelo ukudla, ngenxa yamandla abo yenani kabili njengoba okusezingeni eliphezulu kunalokho wamaprotheni ne-carbohydrate. Lipids bayingxenye cell izinhlaka kanjalo nezindlela zokwenza wokwakha.

Kuphela khona amafutha, nenkinga yokuhlukanisa kwabazali kanye ukumuncwa ngamavithamini A, D no E. lipid compounds samanje izidakamizwa eziphila abakhuthele: tocopherol, lecithin, okunamafutha acid sterol. Thuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla futhi ukwandisa umsoco wayo kungenzeka ne ukwengeza amafutha.

Amafutha e ukudla - kuba, eqinisweni, compounds ebalulekile glycerine kanye fatty acid. Kwakamuva ngamaqembu amabili: ayegcwele kanye unsaturated. ukubaluleka amandla Physiology okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo kususa polyunsaturated okunamafutha acid, lokuhlobanisa ukuba amavithamini.

Lipids e ukudla isilwane ethulwa elihlale okunamafutha acid (ingulube, yenkomo, iwundlu, njll ...) Esikhathini isitshalo - unsaturated (uwoyela, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu).

amaprotheni

Kubaluleka physiology umsoco amaprotheni eyabizwa ngokuthi isimo edingekayo ekuphileni. It is eyakhelwe zonke kwamangqamuzana nezicubu emzimbeni womuntu. Imisebenzi amaprotheni zahlukahlukene: plastic, ekwandeni, okuyinto eveza, ovikelayo antitoxic, ezokuthutha kanye nabanye.

Amakhemikhali amaprotheni nitrogen kukhona polymers eziyinkimbinkimbi sakhiwa amino acid 25 zinhlobo ethulwa ukudla. Iningi lazo odlalwa umzimba (nezilandiso), abanye woza kuphela ukudla (kubalulekile).

Ukuhlanzeka kanye nokudla zomzimba akhumbule ukubaluleka imikhiqizo amaprotheni, ikakhulukazi labo lapho kukhona amaprotheni ephelele, nge olinganiselayo amino acid ukwakheka. Ikakhulukazi ifaneleka kulesi nenhlonipho imikhiqizo okuvela ezilwaneni (inyama, amaqanda, ubisi). Ngokuvamile amaprotheni plant untula e kubalulekile acid acid eziyinkimbinkimbi (kabhontshisi, nokunye okufana nokolweni, ubhontshisi, bran, nokunye. d.).

macronutrients

Basics Ukudla zomzimba kubhekwe macrocells njengoba izinto ezidingekayo ukuze ukusebenza evamile umzimba ehilelekile umzimba emazingeni ahlukahlukene. ebaluleke kakhulu izifo izinto for ukwakhiwa amathambo akudingeki calcium ne phosphorus.

Ngu macroelements yilezi:

• calcium (ubisi, ushizi, ushizi);
• phosphorus (inhlanzi, inyama, isinkwa, ushizi, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu);
• magnesium (breads, okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, amantongomane);
• sodium (i-sodium usawoti);
• potassium (amazambane, amahhabhula, ubhontshisi, uphizi);
• chloro (isinkwa, usawoti);
• sulphur (inyama, inhlanzi, amaqanda).

Nokuntuleka macronutrients kuholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene kwezitho izinhlelo, ngokuyinhloko kuthinta amathambo futhi imithambo yegazi.

Besilokhu sikhipha nokudla okunezakhamzimba

izakhi Trace enze eziningi imisebenzi ethize, ukusebenza elikhulu umzimba sisonke kanye nezinhlaka zayo ngazinye.

Iqembu izakhi mkhondo zihlanganisa:

• yensimbi (isibindi isilwane, nokunye okufana nokolweni);
• zinc (isibindi, ubhontshisi);
• Iodine (izimila zasolwandle, uwoyela cod kwesibindi, izinhlanzi zasolwandle);
• fluoro (izinhlanzi zasolwandle, amanzi, zezinkambi).

Physiology igxile Ukudla ukudla inhlangano nge inombolo ezanele macro- futhi micronutrients ezidingekayo ukuze ulondoloze impilo.

amavithamini

Ngo ebhukwinitifundvo "Biology. Physiology of Nutrition "(Ibanga 7) ulwazi amavithamini okwethulwa izigaba eziningana. indima yabo imisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni asikwazi overestimated. Lezi izinto asebenzayo zikhona enzyme hormone ehilelekile izinqubo umzimba, ukunikeza ukungaguquguquki emizimbeni futhi izinhlelo.

Amavithamini kungukuthi ezivezwa umzimba, ngakho-ke kubalulekile engayitholi yabo wezokudla. Ukuntula kuholela ukubukeka izifo, ukukhathala, kwehle kahle nokuvikeleka.

A ukudla olinganiselayo kufanele libe amavithamini alandelayo:

• A - isekela impilo futhi ngobusha kwesikhumba, acuity ezibukwayo, amasosha omzimba (imithombo: izaqathe, amaqanda, ubisi, inhlanzi, isibindi);
• B ₁ - kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemisipha kanye imicu yezinzwa, amandla adingwa (imithombo: irayisi, inyama, ubhontshisi, amantongomane);
• B ₂ - oyenza ukukhula namandla umzimba (imithombo: amaqanda isikhuphasha, izinkukhu, inhlanzi, imvubelo);
• B ₆ - kusiza ukugaya carbohydrate kanye amafutha, isekela enzymatic ukusabela (Imithombo: amazambane, inhlanzi, inyama, okusanhlamvu lonke isinkwa, imifino);
• B ₁₂ - kuvimbela igazi, iziyaluyalu isimiso sezinzwa (imithombo: kwasolwandle, ubisi, inyama, amaqanda);
• C - isekela izivikeli mzimba, namazinyo enempilo, isikhumba namathambo (imithombo: amawolintshi, ulamula, currants black, rose okhalweni, pepper amnandi);
• D - ikhuthaza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium, ukwanda amazinyo nezinzipho (imithombo: izinhlanzi okunamafutha, imikhiqizo yobisi);
• E - ivikela umzimba ekulweni namachibi emangqamuzaneni, ikhuthaza isikhumba ukuvuselelwa (imithombo: inyama, zemifino amafutha, okusanhlamvu).

Physiology okunomsoco kuhilela edonsa amavithamini ngesimo izinhlelo ezikhethekile, yakhelwe yobudala kanye yokuphila komuntu.

ukudla Ukuhlanzeka

Ngaphezu ikhumbula Ukwakheka microbiological imikhiqizo, physiology ukudla - ukudla ukukhucululwa kwendle nenhlanzeko ukuziphatha. Izimiso zalo kungenziwa emelelwa le mithetho elandelayo:

1. Ukudla kufanele kube njengoba ahlukahlukene.
2. Nsuku zonke, izikhathi eziningana kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo eyenziwe ufulawa, okusanhlamvu noma amazambane.
3. umsebenzi avamile ngokomzimba efiselekayo.
4. Kufanele udle izithelo nemifino nsuku zonke.
5. Dinga i-sokwenzeka kwamafutha ukudla oyifunayo esikhundleni isilwane isitshalo.
6. Beka umkhawulo ukusetshenziswa ushukela elicwengisiswe.
7. Ungahlukumezi kwalokho ngosawoti ukudla.

Ukupheka ukudla kufanele ahlinzeke ukuphepha ukulondolozwa esiphezulu izakhiwo ewusizo komkhiqizo (mhlawumbe ukupheka, kuhlanganise kushunqe, ukubhaka, ukupheka e-microwave oven).

Ukuhambisana nale mithetho elula kuzokwenza ngcono izinga ukudla.

Ukudla

Omunye umbuzo obalulekile, elibhekene nomse- ne physiology umsoco, - ubuchwepheshe yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani. Esimeni izimo zezimboni enhle kumele ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi umsoco impahla elisekela eluhlaza anda. Iyasiza oyinhloko umkhiqizo izonqunywa hhayi kuphela okuqukethwe izakhi, kodwa langenduduzo elingakanani kungenziwa bona kufakwe nge umzimba. Le nkinga ixhunyiwe kokubili ukugaya kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho izinqubo bokuphila.

Ngisho naphezu kobunzima, ke Sekutholakele ukuthi ukudla eliphezulu kugaywe ingcono kakhulu nemvelo wenza izinto zokusetshenziswa endala. Lokudla lokumnandzi mnandi abe usizo ngokwengeziwe eyotholwa yibo emzimbeni. Leli qiniso kufanele kubhekwe enqubeni yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani.

ukukhucululwa kwendle Basics

Okuqukethwe amaprotheni, fat, carbohydrate, amavithamini namaminerali ucabangela microbiology, umsoco zomzimba. Isimiso sokukhucululwa kwendle futhi sigxile ekuthuthukiseni imithetho yokuhlanzeka ekulungiseleleni kanye ukusetshenziswa ukudla. Baxwayisa ukungcoliswa esohlwini kulezi Amagciwane, nokucupha ukudla okunobuthi kanye nenombolo ye izifo.

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze izimo sanitary lapho upheka ukudla izikhungo sonkana. Izinga eliphezulu kwenhlanzeko abasebenzi kuthinta isiko ukuxhumana namakhasimende.

Imithetho nezinqubo ukuthuthwa kwendle ngabanye ukuhlinzekela nezimfuneko ezithile izandla, umlomo, ovaloli, izimo ukusebenza kwenhlangano, izivivinyo njalo abasebenzi bezokwelapha.

inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kumuntu ngamunye lapho edla kuhilela egeza olunzulu izandla, kodwa nge isidingo, futhi egcwele umzimba izingubo nokuhlanzeka, ukusetshenziswa isethi ngabanye izitsha. Phambi yezifo ezithathelanayo kumele anciphise ubudlelwane nabanye.

Physiology okunomsoco njengoba isiyalo yesayensi

Isiyalo "Physiology of Nutrition" wafundisa kafushane ezikoleni zamabanga, efakwe - e izikhungo professional sezemfundo. Lihlanganisa ukuhlola izinhlelo bokuphila, ahlobene ukudla-, izici zemvelo kanye nezempilo umsoco womuntu, ukugaya eziyisisekelo. Ingxenye enkulu Yiqiniso abazinikele cwaningo izakhi, izimiso okukhiwa up ephathelene nokudla, inhlanzeko nokuthuthwa kokungcola lokulungisela ukucubungula nesilondoloze imikhiqizo. Physiology okunomsoco izisekelo merchandising - lokugcina kwesigaba thematic, esehlanganise ingxenye kwezomnotho yenkinga.