Okuhlanganyelwe komzimba: imigqa nokulimala okuhlobene nabo. Indlela yokuphatha imigqa yamadolo ahlangene

Ekhuluma ngamadolo, iningi labantu lisho ukuthi idolo lihlangene. Ngempela, yingxenye ebalulekile ye-anatomical, kodwa, ukusebenza kwayo ngaphandle kwemisipha namathenda akunakwenzeka. Uma uhamba, ugijima, imidlalo, kukhona umthwalo obalulekile kule ndawo, okwandisa ingozi yomonakalo. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ngamadolo, ama- ligaments, amadivaysi emisipha kanye nezinkinga ezivela ngesikhathi sesenzo esibuhlungu.

Izici ze-anatomy

Ekubunjweni kokubambisana kwakubandakanya amathambo amathathu: ingxenye yama-femal, i-patella kanye nengxenye ye-tibia. I-patella iboniswa ngamagama ase-femoral-tibial ne-femur-patellar. Izici ezithintekayo zifaka isandla ekuhambeni kwamathambo ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindizeni eziningana.

I-Menisci, emele amathrapilages of tishu ezixhunyiwe, yi "pads" phakathi kwamakhanda amathambo. Umsebenzi wabo ukuhlinzeka ukwehla, ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi nomthwalo lapho ushayela. Ezingxenyeni zombili ze-meniscus zihlotshaniswa ne-capsule yokujoyina ngosizo lwemilayezo ye-coronary.

Ama-stabilizers ohlangene yiqembu elilandelayo lemisipha, ukuqaphela ukuthi yiyiphi iphuzu elibalulekile ekuhlukumezweni:

1. I-muscle ye-quadriceps ihlala endaweni yangaphakathi yethanga. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yisakhiwo esinamandla kunawo wonke sezingxenye zemisipha yalesi sifunda.
2. I-sartorius muscle iyona ende kunazo zonke. Ihlinzekela ukuhamba kwethanga kanye nomlenze ongezantsi, ngokunciphisa ibhokisi elihlangene.
3. Umsila omncane udlula ngemuva futhi kancane kancane ohlangothini lwehlangene, okuvumela ukuba uhole ithanga bese uguqa ngamadolo.
4. I-muscle enkulu ye-adductor ayihlanganyeli kuphela ekunciphiseni kwethanga, kodwa futhi ekukhulisweni kwayo noma kwandiswa kwe-pelvis ngokuqondene nethanga.
5. Ngemuva kwe-axis ehamba phambili yi-biceps femoris muscle, okukuvumela ukuba ugobe, uvule ithanga, futhi unikeze ukunyakaza ngaphandle.
6. Ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kuhlangene kuyinto imisipha engaphansi, ikhulisa ithanga, iguquguqule i-shin futhi inikeze ukujikeleza kwesigungu somzimba.
7. I-muscular semimembranous isebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-sub-suicidal muscle.
8. I-triceps imisipha yomlenze ongaphansi igoqa i-shin emadolweni nonyawo ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-ankle.
9. Insimu emifushane neyindilinga yokuphalaza isendaweni engemuva. Umsebenzi ukugoba nokuguqula i-shin.

Imisebenzi Yomsebenzi

Ukusebenza kahle kwamadolo kubalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Iyakwazi ukuhamba ngezinkomba eziqondile nezangaphambili. Ukwandisa nokuvuthwa kwenzeka eduze kwe-axis yangaphambili, eduze kwe-axis ejikelezayo ye-limb.

Ukugoba okuhlangene kuvumela inyawo lomuntu ukuba liqhube phambili ngaphandle kokushaya umlenze phansi, bese uyibeka ngomusa. Uma kungenjalo, umlenze wesintu wawuzoqhutshwa ngendlela ephezulu ngokuphakamisa umlenze.

Amadivaysi e-Ligament

Ukuhlangana kwamadolo, imigqa yawo emele amaqembu amakhulu ayisihlanu, kubhekwa njengengxenye ebunzima yomzimba. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemigqa:

• Ukubambisana (isitifiketi, i-peroneal);
• I-cross-shaped (anterior, posterior);
• I-ligament eguqukayo yamadolo;
• I-posterior (i-arcuate, i-popliteal, i-ligellar ligament, imaphakathi ne-lateral);
• I-Coronary (i-meniscus-femoral, i-meniscus-tibial).

Uma kwenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa, ikakhulukazi ukulimala kwezemidlalo, umthwalo oyinhloko uvele emigqeni ebaluleke kakhulu emadolweni. Imigomo yokuvuselela kanye nokuvuselela ixhomeke esimweni se-trauma kanye nesici esilimazayo, izici zomzimba wesisulu, ezihlala ezinyangeni ezingu-4 kuya kwezi-6.

Amagundane afana nesiphambano kanye nokusebenza kwawo

Umgudu we-anterior uvela emkhakheni we-posterior ophezulu we-meniscus wesifazane phakathi kwesigxobo sehlangothini, okuhlanganiswa ne-tibia, engena kwi-conglomerate ye-articular. Umsebenzi wayo ukuqiniswa kwamadolo, ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwe-tibia phambili.

I-ligament posterior ivela engxenyeni yangaphakathi ye-femur bone butt futhi, ewela umgodi ohlangene, ifakwe kwi-tibia engxenyeni engezansi. Le bunch ayivumeli ama-shins ukuba ashintshe ngokweqile.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwemigqa ebaluleke kakhulu

Umonakalo onjalo kubhekwa njengobunzima kakhulu futhi obuyingozi, odinga ukwelashwa okugcwele. Ukwelashwa okungenakuqala noma okungaqaliwe okuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuvinjelwa okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuphikisana kokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, ukulimala okunjalo kwenzeka kubagijimi abaqeqeshiwe lapho beqa, ukugijima, ukugwedla, ukulwa, okuvela emthonjeni oqinile noma ukuphenduka okungaphumeleli, bawe.

Ubuhlungu obukhulu bokubhoboza kanye nokuchofoza okuphawulekayo, ukuvinjelwa okubukhali kokuhamba kungase kubonise ukuthi i-ligament yehlangothini lamadolo iye yaqothulwa. Isisulu asikwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela, kuphela ukuthembela komunye umuntu.

Ukulimala komgogodla we-posterior kwenzeka lapho idolo likhuphuka noma ngenkathi umthelela ebusweni bomhlaba we-tibia. Ukulimala komgogodla ongaphakathi we- kneiate ligament of the knee joint kuvame kakhulu. Izimpawu zalokhu ukulimala zifakwe ku-"Trier Turner" kanye nekhefu kumadoda we-meniscus kanye nesiguli sangaphandle.

Isithombe somtholampilo

Ihlangothini lamadolo, ogama lawo anezinyembezi ezincane, liba nesibindi, lihlelekile, libuhlungu lokuthinta futhi uma lizama ukuhamba. Umgudu ohlangene uqoqa igazi (hemarthrosis). Akunakwenzeka ukudidisa ukuvuvukala kwemigqa yehlangothini lamadolo, elinemtholampilo efanayo, enezimpawu zokuhlukunyezwa okwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule.

Ukuqhekeka okuphelele kwemigqa ebaluleke kakhulu kubangele ukuhamba ngokweqile kwe-tibia ezindizeni ezindala. Lesi sibonakaliso sihlolwe ochwepheshe ababili ngesikhathi. Owokuqala ubamba ngemuva kwethanga futhi uguqule umlenze wokugcoba umzimba emadolweni ngakwesokudla. Udokotela wesibili uhlola ukuhamba kwe-tibial phambili nangemuva. Uma usule noma udubula, isibonakaliso esinjalo siyoba nombi.

Ukwehliswa kwe-sprain kusho ukugqotshwa kwezintambo ezincane, kuhambisane nobuhlungu obulinganiselayo, ukuvuvukala okuncane, akukho ukubola kwesisu. Ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezimoto kwenzeka ngesilinganiso esingenasidingo.

Izifo

Incazelo yenqubo yokuhlukumezeka yenza kube lula ukunquma ukulimala okungenzeka kwezakhiwo ezenziwe nge-anatomical. Ngaphambi kokuhlola idolo elimele, udokotela uhlola umuntu ophilile ukuze athole izici zesakhiwo. Isimo sezingaphakathi zangaphakathi sihlolwa ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound ne-MRI.

Ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kukuvumela ukuthi ungabandakanyi ukuhlukana kwamathambo, i-patella, ukuphuka kwe-meniscus. Uma ihlukanisiwe, amathambo aphethwe yilezi zindawo ezihlukene, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi wezimoto, uma kukhona ukuzama ukuzama ukuhamba. Ukulimaza izigulane akubonakalwanga ukungahambi okuphelele kokuhamba, kunomkhawulo ngenxa yesifo sobuhlungu. Futhi akukho ukuphikiswa kwentwasahlobo.

Ukuqhekeka kuhambisane nokukhishwa kwesimo, ukubonakala kokuthungathwa nokuhamba kwamathambo. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlaka ezingenayo izimpawu ezifanayo. Kulesi simo, ukuqinisekiswa kokuxilongwa kudinga ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, i-ultrasound noma i-MRI.

Izimiso zokwelashwa

Uma kwenzeka umonakalo okhethekile (ukusula, ukubhubhisa), usizo lunikezwa ekamelweni eliphuthumayo. Umlenze kufanele ube endaweni ephakeme, izinsuku zokuqala zokuphumula. Usuku lokuqala emva kokulimala kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwesibanda ezindaweni ezimele. Isihlanganisi sibheke ngosizo lwe-bandage eqinile, evumela ukugcina isimo somzimba sesitho ngenkathi sishukumisela. Shiya i-bandage ebusuku, ukuze kungabikho ukwephulwa kwegazi. Ukuphumula kobuhlungu kudinga ukusebenzisa ama-analgesics ("Ketanov", "Ketalong", "Nalbufin").

Ukuhlangana kwamadolo, okuyinto i-ligaments ayidingi ukwelashwa okunamandla kuphela, kodwa futhi nokwelashwa okudinga ukwelashwa, idinga isikhathi eside sokuvuselelwa. Ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezifanayo ezifana nokulimala okuncane, izinyathelo ze-physiotherapeutic ziyasetshenziswa, kufaka phakathi ukusikhipha umzimba, umzimba we-physiotherapy umzimba, i-electrophoresis nemithi.

Ngokuvamile, ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kuyadingeka lapho igoli elibuhlungu lomdolo lihlangene. Ukusebenza ukubuyisela ubuqotho bezakhiwo ezithintekayo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile. Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kwenziwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokulimala kokujoyina.

Umqashi omele umncintiswano ngumdlali omncane odingekayo ukwenza izitho zomzimba emdlalweni wakhe. Abantu asebekhulile abangenawo amandla amaningi okusebenza ngokomzimba bafanele kakhulu ukwelapha okulondolozayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfundo yokwelashwa ngokomzimba.

I-plasticity ye-ligament cruciate yamadolo idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-graft ethathwe ku-ligel patellar noma i-hamstring (autograft). Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokwenziwa komzimba, noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunganqatshwa ngumzimba wesiguli.

Ukuguqula izakhi zokwenziwa komzimba kuyindlela evamile lapho umgudu wokuxhuma ohlangothini lwegolo uphukile. Ukwelashwa ngosizo lwezinyathelo zokusebenza kubhekwa njengendlela yokuzikhethela kulokhu.

Umkhuba wokuhlinza uye wakubonisa ukuthi ukusika okulula kwezakhiwo ezilimazayo cishe akuhlinzeki ngokubuyiselwa kokusebenza.

Yiziphi izinkinga zokulimala kwamadolo?

Phakathi kwezimo ezivame ukulimala ngamadolo kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-arthritis kunokwenzeka emasontweni amabili ngemuva kokulimala kokuhlanganyela. Ukusabela okuvuthayo kuvela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kanye nezinambuzane ezincane ze-pathological falling in the scene of trauma. Efaniswa nobuhlungu be-syndrome, ukubukeka kokuvuvukala, i-hyperemia, ukuhamba okulinganiselwe ngenxa yobuhlungu.
2. Ukubonakala kwezinguquko ezishintshayo ngendlela ye-arthrosis kuhambisana nokubunjwa kwama-osteophyte, ukugcoba kwezicubu ezinomzimba.

Isibikezelo

Ngemuva kokuthola ukulimala, iningi lalabo abahlukumezekile banesithakazelo kulokhu: "Ukuphuka kwemigqa yamadolo kubandakanya ukuthi bangaki abagulayo?" Umbuzo ofanayo ucatshangelwa kuleso simo ngasinye. Ngokuya ngesimo se-trauma kanye nezici zomzimba, amandla okusebenza aphelele angabuyela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, futhi mhlawumbe ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Okubalulekile yindlela yokulimala nokuthi isisulu sithole kanjani ukubola kwemijondolo yamadolo. Kungakanani ukulimala okuphulukisa kuncike ekugubheni ngokuqondile iseluleko somchwepheshe wezokwelapha. Ukusungulwa kokuqala kokwelapha, ukuthatha imithi edingekayo nokunamathela emgomeni kuvumela ukusheshisa inqubo yokuthola futhi kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.

Ukuvimbela

Uhlu lwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukulimala kwamalunga luyancipha kuya ezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba;
• Ukuvuvukala kwemigqa yehlangothini lamadolo kufanele kube ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi;
• Ukudla okunempilo;
• Ukuphuza utshwala nokuhlukumeza ugwayi;
• Ukugwema i-hypothermia yomzimba;
• Ukulawula ukuhlala okungenani kwezinyathelo ezikhundleni ezikhona;
• Ukukhetha kahle izicathulo, ukwenqaba izithende eziphakeme.

Ukulimala kwamadolo okuhlangene kungavinjelwa, okubhekisela ezinyathelo ezilula kunokubuyiselwa komsebenzi walo ngenxa yomonakalo.