Umsipha Cruciate ka kwedolo: ukuhlukumezeka, ukwelashwa, ukuvuselelwa

Kwedolo ngokuhlanganyela - kwekulu emzimbeni womuntu. Futhi kusobala ukuthi izihambisimshini ukunyakaza kanye anatomy ifaniswe kahle. Ukuze abafundi zezokwelapha limane kuyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho artrosindesmologiya, kuba isayensi amalunga omzimba. Umvuthwandaba yezimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi nokushintshashintsha joint amadolo kubhekwa. Futhi ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngesifo sakhe, kufanele siqonde kuqala ukuthi isakhiwo.

amathambo

Ngesisekelo ukwakheka ngokuhlanganyela yilezi amathambo amabili eside - kunawo wonke futhi tibia - nokukodwa patella encane. Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwa yiningi, le fibula iqhaza ngokuhlanganyela amadolo ngeke samukele. Uneziqu ngokuhlanganyela ne tibia ngezansi nje. Ekupheleni engezansi we tibia , kukhona awalethe amabili, abizwa ngokuthi ama condyles. Zimelela engxenyeni engenhla joint, futhi embozwe uqwanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi yasethafeni tibial has ukuthi ukuma okuphelele condyles. Liphinde embozwe uqwanga ngoba beya kangcono. Kugcine ithambo flat - patella - itholakala phakathi condyles e ikhefu kwakhiwa ngokukhethekile. Zonke amathambo abathintekayo emalungeni imbozwe uqwanga hyaline, amamilimitha angu amahlanu awugqinsi. Yena obukhulu, acwebezelayo futhi smooth kakhulu. Umsebenzi Its ukunciphisa umthwalo ngesikhathi ukunyakaza futhi kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana phakathi amathambo. Phezu isakhiwo sonke imbozwe a zezinzwa izicubu capsule.

Amaqoqo

Ukuze sihlanganise amathambo amathathu ndawonye, uqwanga akwanele elilodwa. Kuthatha ezinhle yasibamba ithuluzi ukuthi kokubili nezimo futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlupheka, futhi isikhathi eside. Lomsebenzi wenziwa bunch. Basuke kwakheka ihlule obukhulu zezinzwa futhi welulela phakathi amathambo.

Ngakho, ohlangothini evele of the joint zitholakala eseduze nemisipha eziqinisa capsule. Ababili babo: ezilingene medial. Umsebenzi lezi imicu ukunciphisa ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela isandla. Ngaphakathi capsule Ubuye kweqembu. Basuke etholakala phakathi evele articular futhi zibizwa ngokuthi crosswise. Umsebenti wabo - hhayi ukunikeza hambisa ngokuhlanganyela kakhulu emuva naphambili. Anterior cruciate umsipha ka kwedolo iqala phezu tibia. Yena ilindele Ukuthutha kwakhe phambili futhi ilele aphume ebusweni articular. I umsipha posterior cruciate ka kwedolo njengoba uqale kahle ngesikhathi tibia futhi siyehla ukuhamba kwayo emuva isihlobo ukuba kunawo wonke.

Bebonke, bakusekela ukusiza ukugcina ngokuhlanganyela esimweni yakhoibrium, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo nokunyakaza bushelelezi.

menisci

Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga babukeka kanjani kweqembu, kodwa ikhipha okunye okucishe kufane ukuze uqwanga. Kutholwe iphakathi tibia futhi kunawo wonke kanye nesidingo congruence enkulu ngokuhlanganyela. imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko: i ngisho ukusatshalaliswa esisindo ku joint nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza yayo lapho ushayela esimweni static.

Lokhu kuqakatheke khulu, ngoba uma kwakungekho meniscus, wonke isisindo emzimbeni wayezogxila amaphuzu ambalwa ngaphakathi joint, futhi lokhu kuyoholela enhlekeleleni okusheshayo nokukhubazeka.

imisipha

Uma uyikha phezulu le phambi imisipha amadolo extensor zitholakala. Banamathele phezulu kunawo wonke ngakolunye uhlangothi kanti kuya umsipha patellar - ngakolunye. Lapho ziyancipha, kukhona isandiso umlenze ngokuhlanganyela, ukuvumela umuntu ukwenza ngithuthuke. Umsebenzi omnengi wezinto ithatha quadriceps.

Ngu kunawo wonke iqembu imisipha-flexors. okunamathiselwe iphuzu ngesikhathi nabo, futhi, ngesikhathi inhloko kunawo wonke, kodwa iphuzu ukunyakaza phezu ngemuva tibia fixed ngumuntu umsipha eqinile. Ukusikwa le misipha ikhululeke kwedolo.

izinzwa

Okubaluleke kakhulu ngale kwedolo kubhekwa emsipheni popliteal. Kuyingxenye emsipheni ezinkulu sciatic beshiya joint, kunikeza amagatsha amathathu. Eyokuqala eya tibia futhi iseduze kobuso labaqaphi elingemuva. Umphetho yesibili fibula futhi unikeza phambili lobani kobuso tibia. Neyesithathu phansi ngezinyawo. Kuyinto emsipheni okuxubile. Sinenkosi injini, futhi ingxenye inzwa. Ukuze ukulimala emalungeni amadolo kungalimala njengoba ezinzwa ezivamile futhi emagatsheni awo.

liningi igazi

Uma sikhuluma kuphela mayelana ngokuhlanganyela, ke uyasondla le lwemithambo inethiwekhi kwegazi. Lakhiwa:

• the medial kanye lateral anterior amadolo imithambo;
• posterior imithambo;
• umfula imidiyeni kwamadolo;
• top-phansi zungeza imithambo kwedolo.

zingabantu wonke amagatsha Umthambo tibial, okuyinto evela zangaphandle iliac Umthambo. Futhi yena, yona, livela iliac ezivamile.

outflow emithambo yegazi Kwenziwa ngegama ngemithambo efanayo ezihambisana Umthambo ngamunye. UNkulunkulu wayengajabule ngalendoda kuyinto ephansi Vienna eziyize, okuyinto ibuyisela emuva igazi enhliziyweni.

Izimbangela ukulimala we nemisipha amadolo

Omunye ukulimala kungakhungathekisa kakhulu ukuthi zingatholakala ku kwamadolo - kuyinto ukulimala cruciate umsipha. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ukuzinza isakhiwo sonke kuyaphazamiseka, kunciphisa ivolumu ukunyakaza ngokungenasizathu izimpambosi, kanjalo inqubo sokwelapha kuyoba eside ngempela.

Izizathu ukuthola ukuhlukumezeka enjalo ingase ibe umonakalo yasendlini kanye nemithelela, izingozi, badedelane okungazelelwe. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka abadlali professional - skiers, bemizimba, bemizimba, Jumpers noma wrestlers. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba bagcine izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka phezulu emalungeni, ibuye edingekayo ukulandela ukudla ukuthi ziyoba amazinga ezanele collagen, ukulondoloza kuyaqina of nemisipha.

umtholampilo

Lapho le ndoda ibuza nge ukulimala efanayo, yena ekhononda, kuzwa ephendula okuthile okunjengokuthi: "Kubuhlungu amadolo e flexion nokwelulwa." Kepha alisho lutho nezinye izimpawu.

- ngesikhathi ukulimala lize echofoza noma eziphansi kwekhanzi igebe;
- kwakukhona nokungathembani kwedolo, umuzwa "Ukunganaki";
- kwedolo ukuvuvukala ngamahora ambalwa okuqala ngemva ukulimala;
- ekuqongeleleni oketshezini ingaphakathi ngokuhlanganyela (uphawu kwemali);
- Umkhawulo ukunyakaza ngenxa yobuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala.

Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sikutshela ukuthi unesikhathi amadolo sore e flexion kanye extension, kungasho kuphela cruciate umsipha ukudabuka. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze ukuhlolwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo.

Ukwahlukaniswa umonakalo

degree Okokuqala: ukudabuka we anterior cruciate umsipha ka amadolo uzwakalise kancane, kukhona ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala kancane. Movement joint kuyinto ngandlela-thile, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa edema, hhayi ngenxa yokulimala. Ukuzinza ugciniwe.

degree Okwesibili: kukhona uqhekeko olungaphelele cruciate umsipha, ziphelele zonke izici ukulimala wokuqala degree. Isici ehlukile wukuthi lezi izilonda bathambekele ziyabuya. Futhi kabusha ukulimala kungadalwa umzamo ngemva kokuthandaza isikhathi eside ngaphansi kuka okokuqala.

Degree Okwesithathu: uqhekeko ephelele anterior cruciate umsipha ka kwedolo. sebuhlungwini obunzima, ukuvuvukala jet nge komkhawulo elikhulu ukunyakaza yekwentiwa. Joint weza okuxekethile, abahlukaniswe umsebenzi walo ukwesekwa.

Yiqiniso, lokhu ngezigaba ayikwazi kuhlaliswe zonke izinhlobo ukulimala edolweni umsipha, kodwa kuyasiza ukuhlela ngobubi bawo.

ukuhlola

Ngemva inhlolovo, anamnesis wokuphila kanye nokuhlolwa impilo isigaba iqala. Udokotela uzama ukuthola ukuthi subjective imizwa uqondane amaqiniso angempela. Okokuqala elihlola umlenze ezinhle, kuhlanganise ukunaka ezikhethekile kwamadolo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze bakwazi ukuqhathanisa baphinde balimaza ngokuhlanganyela.

Ukuze uhlole ukuthi alimele cruciate umsipha ka kwedolo, udokotela uzama nokususa tibia futhi ngaphambili. Uma kokulimala, uphumelela. Kukhona iphenya eziningana ethize ezisetshenziswa kulezi zimo.

Ngemva kokucwaninga ncwadi wezinsimbi. Okungukuthi --X-ray of the joint kwedolo. It ikuvumela ukukhomba waphuka okwe amakhefu. Isinyathelo esilandelayo-magnetic resonance imaging. It ikuvumela ukuba usungule uphethwe ngokunemba okukhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungalimaza ngisho. Njengoba overdiagnosis iba nobuqili a ukungenelela nakancane kuhlinzwa. umsipha Cruciate ka kwedolo kungalimala ngendlela yokuthi ukuntengantenga ingekho, futhi igebe elikhulu ibonakala qapha.

ukwelashwa ngoludala

Trauma is hhayi njalo kubenza bavame iziguli ukuhlinzwa. Kulokhu, inkomba lokungenela akulona iqiniso igebe futhi ukungalingani emalungeni. Lokhu kuyisici esibalulekile. Ukuze amalunga nemisipha eminingi evame ukusetshenziswa immobilization nokuphumula kuze ukubuyiselwa ubuqotho. Ungakwazi bahlukanise inqubo ku izigaba eziningana zokwelapha.

1. Isikhathi oyingozi. Abalimala cruciate nemisipha we ngokuhlanganyela kwedolo. Ukwelashwa is okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala ngokuhlanganyela. Yisisulu kungcono hhayi azame ukuya esibhedlela bebodwa. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo abandayo ukulimala site, nika amaphilisi ezinhlungu kanye nokuhlinzeka okuzothileyo esitho olimele. Uma kukhona ukunqwabelana igazi emalungeni, kubalulekile ukuba ngezinye izikhathi ncela isipetu yayo, ekuvimbeleni ihlule bazohlala Laphezu ngokuhlanganyela, okubangela ukuvuvukala.
2. igebe endala. Uma ubuhlungu esebohlile, ungaqala ukuqeqeshwa ukuze uqinise imisipha. Akukho lutho olungcono esingaphezu uzimele oqinile kwemisipha, okuzokwenza abalonde hyperextension kwamangqamuzana phezu amalunga nemisipha. Qala ngezinto ezincane, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa isikhathi ngasinye isiba bazolokhu ukunyakaza amplitude iyakhula. orthoses asetshenzisiwe (imilenze nge adjustable lomnyango uhlelo) ukuze unciphise ukunyakaza.
3. ishidi elingenalutho. Kulesi sigaba, udokotela uhlola ngokuhlanganyela sengathi kwakungekho ukulimala. Futhi uma imiphumela ukuhlangabezana naye, okungukuthi, wabuyela ukuhamba, akukho ubuhlungu, ukungazinzi ngokwezomnotho nezibonakaliso sokugembula, ukuphathwa angabhekwa yimpumelelo.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi kwaphela, futhi ungakwazi zisuka ukusebenzisa Sprint. Long ngemuva kokuphela yokwelapha isiguli kuzodingeka ukuba banakekele umlenze esaphukileyo, ukwenza umzimba ekhethekile ukuze aqeqeshe imisipha senyonga.

ukwelashwa op

Plastic anterior cruciate umsipha ka kwedolo wenziwa uma kungekho ukuzinza ehlanganyelwe noma ke ayilungile. Ngokuvamile, wenziwa emva kokwelashwa ngoludala, lapho zikhona izenzakalo ezinhle mayelana uhlelo kwemisipha.

Ngokuvamile, ukuthengiselana okunjalo kwenziwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha emva ukulimala. Kodwa uma igebe ngemva kweminyaka eminingana edlule, futhi izimpawu sekukhona muva - ukuthi asikho isizathu sokulahla ithemba ukuhlinzwa. Njengomthetho, lolu hlobo ukwelashwa babhekana abasubathi abanokuhlangenwe edabukile anterior cruciate umsipha ka kwedolo. Ukusebenza kuyinto sokwenziwa umsipha. Ukuze isetshenziswa njengoba nemisipha siqu lomuntu, futhi zokwenziwa lokufakelwa kwezitho. uthunge Simple zonke umsipha idabukile imiphumela emihle kungaqali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akwenzeki, ngobuchwepheshe, ngenxa izindawo esingesihle. Entsha amadolo cruciate ngokuhlanganyela umsipha kufanele uhambisane ngokugcwele ubudala, ukuze yenze imisebenzi yayo futhi kahle kahle.