I-Nizhny Novgorod, uMfula iVolga, uMfula i-Oka kanye nabanye. Incazelo kanye nokubaluleka kwemithambo yamanzi

Enkabeni ye-East European Plain yidolobha elihle laseNizhny Novgorod. Imifula iVolga ne-Oka yimizila ejwayelekile yamanzi yalesi sifunda. Zonke izigceme ziseZavolzhye (ingxenye esenyakatho) nasezindaweni ezifanele zeBhange (ibhange elingakwesokudla le-Volga). Kunemibono eminingi, engachazwa kalula umahluko emhlabathini kanye nesici sokusiza.

Ukukwazi nomuzi

Eyingxenyeni esemaphakathi yaseRussia kunedolobha eliyingqayizivele, abaningi abakukhumbulayo njengeGorky. Leli gama lalinxibe iminyaka engaba ngu-60. Njengamanje, ukuhlala kwaqanjwe kabusha kwaNizhny Novgorod. Imifula i-Oka ne-Volga kule ndawo ihlanganisa amanzi awo. Unyaka wesisekelo salo ngu-1221.

Leli dolobha liyizigidigidi: inani labantu ngo-2016 lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.3. It is indawo yesihlanu eRussia ngokuvumelana nenani izakhamuzi. Yakhelwe endaweni engaba ngamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye angama-450. I-Km. Abantu abaningi baseRussia bahlala lapha (94%), kunamaTatar, ama-Armenia, ama-Ukraini, ama-Mordvins, njll, kodwa amancane kakhulu (ngobuzwe ngamunye ngaphakathi kuka-0.5-1.5%).

Manje i-Nizhny Novgorod iyindawo enkulu yezimboni nezamasiko zeRussian Federation. Yimboni enkulu yokuthutha. Intuthuko evelele ekuqondiseni izivakashi.

I-Volga

Ngakho, ulwazi oluchazwe ngenhla, luchaza kafushane idolobha laseNizhny Novgorod. UMfula iVolga ugeleza kulo lonke isifunda cishe cishe ngo-260 km. Ihlukanisa le nsimu ebhange elingakwesokunxele ehlathini, futhi ngakwesokudla entabeni, okuphakama kwayo kungu-247 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ngemuva kokufakwa kwedamu, izinga lamanzi lakhula, ngenxa yokuthi kwakhiwa ama-reservoir: engxenyeni esenyakatho - Gorkovskoye, naseningizimu - Cheboksarskoye.

Lo mshini uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: Ephezulu, Ephakathi nophansi. I-Middle Volga egeleza phakathi nesifunda kanye nomuzi oyinhloko wesifunda, okuthiwa nguNizhny Novgorod. Imifula lapha ijulile. Umbhede womfula weVolga unamamitha ayi-500 kuya ku-1.5 km. Ebusika, umfula ugcwele ubuningi beqhwa (esiphezulu kufika ku-1 imitha). Lesi sikhathi sisukela ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli. Futhi ukhukhula luqala kusukela entwasahlobo bese luphela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kaningi ngoJuni. Esikhathini esifudumeleyo amanzi emfuleni ivuselela kuze kufike ku +26 ° С. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile ogwini ungathola izivakashi. E-Volga esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, eduze komuzi wesifunda, kuneziqhingi eziningana, ezihlanganisa okulandelayo: Kocherginsky, Krasavchik, Shchukobor, Teply, Barminsky, Podnovsky, eSands Pechersky. Ukuhlala emfuleni: Balakhna, Gorodets, Bor, Chkalovsk, futhi, nakakhulu, i-Nizhny Novgorod.

Imifula yalesi sifundazwe ayisetshenziselwa kuphela izimboni zezimboni nezokuthutha, kodwa nezinhloso zokuvakasha. Izivakashi eziseVolga zakha izikhungo ezihlukahlukene zokuzilibazisa, izindlu zokugibela, amahhotela. Futhi, ezinye izivakashi zikhetha ukuchitha ubusuku ematendeni ogwini. Izisekelo zokuvakasha zinikeza izivakashi zazo zihamba ezindaweni zokubhukuda phansi nangaphezulu.

U-Oka River

Okara umfula eNizhny Novgorod. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke emfuleni. I-Volga. Kwakusendaweni yokuhlanganisa kwabo ukuthi idolobha lakhiwa. Futhi i-landscape eyaziwayo ye-Volga-Oksky inegama elithi "Umcibisholo". Ngaphezu kukaNizhny Novgorod, i-Oka igeleza ngePavlovsk, Bogorodsk, Navashino naseDzerzhinsk, ehlobene nesifunda saseNizhny Novgorod. Ububanzi besiteshi ngaphakathi kwedolobha cishe ngo-800 m, isivinini samanje singu-1 m / s, amabhange aphakeme. Ngalo, amabhuloho ayisithupha edolobheni lakhiwa.

Umfula u-Oka uyisicaba. Njengoba igeleza emhlabathini owubumba, amanzi ayo ayenamandla kakhulu. Idla ngokuyinhloko eqhweni elincibilikile kanye nokuwa kwezulu. Ebusika i-Oka ihlanganiswe neqhwa elincane. Ubude besikhathi sokuqhwaza cishe izinyanga ezingu-5 (ezifana ne-Volga).

Hlala eMfuleni i-Oka

Esigodini sase-Avtozavodsky emfuleni kunamabhishi ahlomile, avame ukuvakashelwa izivakashi. Ezinye izingosi, ngeshwa, zihlonywe kakhulu ngokuzimboni. Futhi, lo mfula uthandwa ngabathandi be-angler, ngoba kuwo kunezinhlobo ezingu-20 zezinhlanzi. Zihlanganisa: i-perch, i-bream, i-roach, i-ide, i-pike i-pike, i-burbot nabanye. Izimo zokudoba lapha zingaphezu kokwanele, ngoba e-Oka kunezikhala ezihlukene, amawa, izindawo zamatshe kanye namadaka. Futhi ungakwazi ukudoba ogwini noma ngedivaysi yokubhukuda.

Imifula emincane yaseNizhny Novgorod

Ngaphandle koMfula i-Volga no-Oka, imuphi umfula eNizhny Novgorod usafanele ukondliwe? Izakhamuzi zendawo kuphela ezingaphendula lo mbuzo masinyane. I-Pochayna - ukugeleza kwamanzi, okuyikhulu le-XIX elihlanganiswe emipayipi yamatshe. I-volgaire ye-Volga, indawo ye-confluence ibhange elungile. Igeleza nxazonke ezindongeni ze-Kremlin. Manje isikhumbuzo sePochayne kuphela esasihlala egameni lomgwaqo kanye nomgwaqo.

Futhi edolobheni kunamanzi amaningi amancane. Le Levinka, Rzhavka, Gremyachaya, Stark, nokuhlonipha uMfula oMnyama okuthiwa indawo yonke.