I-Initialed - ingabe kunjalo? Masiqonde incazelo yegama

Ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukufinyelela isivumelwano. Ngisho noma kungabantu ababili, kunzima ukufika esinqumweni esingacabangi! Yini ongayisho uma izinhlangano ezimbili zizama ukuvumelana? Noma ngisho namazwe amabili? Futhi uma izinhlelo ezimbili zezombangazwe ezihlukene? Akumangazi ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano siphethe, sidlula ngezigaba eziningana zentuthuko yayo, ngasinye esichazwa ngezindlela ezithile zokuveza imvume noma ukungavumelani phakathi kwalabo ababambe iqhaza. Kuyini ukusayina kwesivumelwano? Noma, kusho ukuthini "isivumelwano siqalisiwe"? Ingabe kufana nesayinwe, noma cha?

Ake sizame ukuqonda. Ukuqala - ekusetshenzisweni kwamagama

Ngakho-ke, imigomo yomthetho ehlukene isho ukuthini, okusho indlela yokugcina imigomo yesivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu? Ake sizame ukuqonda umthwalo we-semantic wamazwi aziwe futhi ajwayele ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, siyini isignesha nokuthi ihluke kanjani kumdwebo. Ngisho kanjani ngokuqondile: uphawu noma uphawu ngaphansi kwenkontileka? Futhi kusetshenziswa kanjani umonakalo? Kuyini ukubonwa kwedokhumenti? Yini engaba yi-paraph, futhi inkulumo ethi "isivumelwano sokuqala" isho ukuthini?

Ngaphandle kokuqonda incazelo yale migomo: uphawu, ukuvumela, ukuqalisa, incazelo yegama elithi "inkontileka" ngeke ibonakaliswe kuze kube sekugcineni. Futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ngeke kube khona ukuqonda izisekelo zomsebenzi wesivumelwano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi igatsha lomthetho elibhekisela kuyo.

Isignesha - iyini?

Ngokusho komthetho (bheka i-Article 160 ye-Civil Code), noma yisiphi isivumelwano esayinwe. Ukungabi khona
Kulo dokhumenti kusho ukuthi isivumelwano asifinyelelanga futhi singaholela emiphumeleni engokomthetho esinqunyiwe, kuze kutholakale ukuthi ukuthengiselana akuvumelekile.

Kodwa, ngeshwa, emthethweni weRussian Federation akukho isenzo esisodwa sokujwayelekile esingaba nencazelo enembile futhi siqondise ngokungaqondile ukusetshenziswa kwesignesha. Ngenxa yalokho, isignesha kaningi ishintshaniswa ngenye indlela. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi igama elithi "okokuqala" lisho ukuthini, nokuthi lihluke kanjani kulelo "uphawu".

Isignesha iqoqo lemifanekiso ecacile ekhonza ukukhomba umuntu njengomuntu oyedwa noma inhlangano esemthethweni. Ngokwesichazamazwi se-Ozhegov, isignesha igama elibhalwa ngabanye. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa ngokungaqondile ngomshwana 3 we-160th article we-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation. Futhi isigaba sokuqala se-Article 19 saleli Khodi sibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi noma yisiphi isakhamuzi sithola amalungelo akhe kuphela ngaphansi kwegama lakhe, isibongo kanye negama lakhe.

Ukuqhubekela phambili kulokhu okushiwo ngaphambili, kungaphetha ngokuthi unamandla ngokomthetho ukubiza isignesha kuphela igama elizibhalisile elizimele lesakhamuzi.

Ngesinye isikhathi, sizochaza ukuthi igama elithi "imidwebo" ngokujwayelekile ayihlangene nesiphetho sezinkontileka . Ngoba, ngokungafani negama elithi "isignesha", akukwakhiwa kusukela esenzweni "sokusayina", kodwa kusukela esenzweni esifana nayo "ukudweba" (ngomqondo wokuhlobisa, ukudweba).

Akumangalisi ukuthi, ngaphandle kokungena kulezi ziqhwaga, isignesha ididekile nathi, isibonelo, ngokuchasisa, okulandela ukuthi kukhona ukuqonda okungaphelele kwalokhu "idokhumenti esayiniwe" nokuthi "i-document" ihluke kanjani futhi.

I-EDS

Esikhathini sokuthuthukiswa kokusakazwa kwedokhumenti ye-elekthronikhi, isignesha yedijithali yedijithali isanda kakhulu. Inhloso yayo ifana nesiginesha esivamile - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idokhumenti ayinakho ulwazi oluphambene nokuthi liqinisekisiwe ngumuntu onesiqinisekiso esincane sokusayina.

Kodwa, kufanele ngitshele ukuthi ngothando lwethu nangenhlonipho ngamathuba okubuchwepheshe bezokwaziswa, akunakwenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizokwazi ukugwema ukubhala izincwadi ngokubhala, kwifomu lephepha. Ngakho-ke, akekho oye wakhansela imithetho yokubhalisa izivumelwano usebenzisa isignesha evamile. Ngenhloso yokuqala, i-EDS ayifakiwe.

Iyini i-paraph?

Uma uphendula ngokufishane, i-paraph yilokhu esikujwayele ukubiza isignesha. Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izingxenye zalo ezilandelayo:

• I-monogram. Lezi yizinhlamvu zokuqala (eyodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu) zesibongo, igama negama lomuntu lomuntu siqu, enezinto ezivamile.
• Ingxenye ephakathi. Iqukethe izincwadi ezincane. Ngokusemthethweni, lawa amagama ngokubhaliwe ngemuva kwencwadi yokuqala.
• Roscherk. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwesici sobuciko, okuwukuqhubeka kwencwadi yokugcina yenxenye ephakathi.

I-Para ibhekwa isethi eyingqayizivele yezimpawu zendaba kanye nomklamo ofanele. Eqinisweni, igama elithi "paraf" futhi lisho "ukushaya", inhloso yokuqala yokuvikela isignesha ekusebenzisweni. Kodwa kusobala ukuthi, ngokuzihlukanisa nesithombe sesignesha, ukushaya kwesifo ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukufundwa nokuqonda kwayo okungahambisani namandla ayo angokomthetho.

Kusukela kulokho okushiwo kucacile ukuthi "ukuqala" akufani nokuthi "usayine". I-Para ayishintshi isignesha.

Uphi i-paraph esetshenziswayo, futhi yini eqalayo?

Emisebenzini yasemthethweni yesimanje, ukuqhathanisa nokuqalwa okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ngokuphathelene nomthetho wamazwe omhlaba, ikakhulukazi, emisebenzini yezohwebo nezokuhweba ngaphandle. Kusho ukuthini ukuqala isivumelwano? Lokhu kusho ukusayina kwakhe kwangaphambili esimweni lapho izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zesivumelwano sezivumile kakade yizinhlangothi, kodwa ukuvunyelwa kokugcina kwesinye isizathu kuye kwahlehliswa kuze kube manje. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuqalisa isivumelwano ngoba, ngokulawulwa ngokugcwele ngabantu abagunyaziwe, kudinga ukuvunyelwa kwabaholi bakahulumeni bamazwe abambe iqhaza esivumelwaneni.

Ukuze uqale isivumelwano, abantu abagunyaziwe babeka kuphela ukucaphuna ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sesivumelwano. Kungaba umongameli noma isifo, noma ingxenye yesibongo, kodwa hhayi isignesha ephelele noma uphawu. Ngokuvamile kulokhu kuphela kuphela okusetshenziselwa ukusayina. Kwezinye izimo, i-paraph ayibekiwe kuphela ekupheleni kwalo lonke umbhalo wesivumelwano, kodwa kuzo zonke izigcawu zayo.

Kufinyelela ...

Manje njengoba sesiqaphele ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuqala idokhumenti, kunengqondo ukudweba iziphetho ezibalulekile:

1. Isiginesha asifani nalokho okushiwo yi-paraphrase. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa kokubili kuhluke kakhulu.
2. I-Paraph ayishintshi isignesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma le dokhumenti iqinisekisiwe ngama-initials ngesifo sokushaya ngokungabikho kwegama elibhalwe ngokugcwele lofakazi, khona-ke idokhumenti enjalo ingabhekwa njengabhalisiwe uma kunesidingo.

Incazelo esemthethweni yokuqala

Njengoba kucacile kusuka ngenhla, ukuqalisa akufaki esikhundleni sokusayina kwedokhumenti evumelwaneni. Ngemuva kwezizathu zokuthi kungani isivumelwano sishicilelwe sichithwe, sisayinwe amaqembu ngokuhambisana nenqubo esungulwe ngumthetho.

Ukuqala akuyona isinyathelo sokuphoqelela ekuphothuliseni isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqembu. Kubalulekile ukusayina, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isivumelwano siqale noma cha. Futhi isignesha kuphela ngomqondo oqondile ngokomthetho wegama ulungisa amalungelo kanye nemisebenzi yamaqembu ngokuhambisana nombhalo wesivumelwano esiphelile.

Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthini umthetho ngokomthetho wokuqala? Iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izivumelwano zemibhalo sezidlulisiwe kakade ngamaqembu futhi isivumelwano senziwe. Ngemuva kokuqala, ababhalisile babophezelwa yisibopho sokwamukela izingxoxo, umphumela walo mbhalo owaqalwa, kokubili kugcwaliswe futhi kugcwaliswe. Kodwa umzuzwana wemfanelo yomthetho wamaqembu awufiki, umbhalo awubopheli, futhi esikhathini esizayo, ngaphambi kokusayina, usahle uhlelwe. Kungenzeka ukwenza izinguquko emibhalweni yesivumelwano ngemuva kokuqala kokuqala. Kodwa lezi zinguquko azikwazi ukwenziwa kuphela yiqembu elilodwa kwisivumelwano.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuqala emisebenzini yezomnotho

Namuhla, ukuqalisa kusebenza ngokuyinhloko kumthetho wamazwe omhlaba, kanye nemigomo yalokhu Isenzo sezomthetho sibhalisiwe ezenzweni zokulawula, indlela eyodwa noma enye ehlobene nomthetho wezomthetho wemisebenzi yokuhweba yangaphandle. Kodwa ngubani othi le nsimbi elula yokufinyelela isivumelwano ifinyeleleka kuphela kubadiplomate? Futhi kungani kungenakwenzeka, isibonelo, ukuqala isivumelwano phakathi kwezifundo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zomsebenzi ngaphakathi kombuso?

Ungakwazi! Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo kunconywa ochwepheshe. Isibonelo, isipiliyoni esifanayo sezinkontileka zokusayina sitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zokujoyina okuhlangene.

Kungani kubalulekile ukugcina isikhashana phakathi kwesivumelwano kanye nokusayina kokugcina kwedokhumenti?

Iphuzu eliphelele liyilokho okushiwo ukuphathwa kwamarekhodi ethu. Ake sithi uqale ukuhlanganyela okuhlangene. Uhlobo luni lomsebenzi okufanele uwenze?

• Isiqalo siyingxenye yempi, futhi ukuqala kuyoba ukulungiswa kwesiphakamiso sokuhweba noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-JV project.
• Ngemuva kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthola izinkampani ezithakazelisayo ekuphakamisweni kwenkampani yakho phesheya futhi uzijwayele ngesipho esilungisiwe sokuhweba.
• Bese ukuheha abashayeli bezimali abavela emazweni angaphandle, benze izingxoxo ezidingekile nokuhlelwa okulandelwayo kwenqubo yokulandelana kwezinhloso.
• Lungiselela, uqondise futhi ubhalise bonke abathintekayo imibhalo ekhona yesikhathi esizayo sokubambisana.
• Bhalisa ibhizinisi lakho elihlangene, ama-akhawunti asebhange avulekile futhi wandise imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubhaliswa kombuso we-joint venture kungase kube nesidingo sokuchibiyela imibhalo esayiniwe kakade. Lokhu, njengesibonelo, njengesivumelwano eside futhi esibucayi esivumelwaneni somsebenzi wezomnotho ohlangene.

Kungase kuvele ukuthi isivumelwano sizoqala ukusebenza ngaphambi kokubhaliswa kombuso, futhi enkambisweni yayo kuyotholakala ukuthi akukona konke okucatshangelwe. Futhi lapha futhi udinga ukubuthana namandla kanye nabalingani ukuthi baxoxisane kabusha. Lapha, kulokhu, ungancoma ukuthi isivumelwano siqaliswe ukuze, uma kunesidingo, kungenakuphulukisa ukwenza zonke izichibiyelo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokubhaliswa kombuso we-joint venture.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho okulahlekile esivumelwaneni

Ngeshwa, lapho kuphetha izivumelwano zanoma yiluphi uhlobo phakathi kwabalingani bebhizinisi
Umuntu akasoze aqiniseke ngokuphelele ukuthi omunye noma ngisho namakhasi amaningana wedokhumenti alungiselelwe ngokucophelela, avunyelwe futhi asayinwe yiqembu elilodwa ngeke alishintshwe ngaphambi kokusayinwa kokugcina komunye umuntu.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kukhona ezinye izincomo zendlela. Ngakho-ke, inkontileka ingagcinwa, amashidi ayibalwe futhi abekwe ngesibonakaliso sephepha esibonisa inani lamashidi (hhayi amakhasi). Lolu lwazi olumadokhumenti luqinisekiswa yizimpawu kanye namasayina. Kule ndaba, umbono wephawu kufanele uthathe ingxenye yombhalo ngesihloko somuntu ophetheyo futhi, empeleni, uphawu lwephepha olulungiselela umkhawulo wochungechunge lapho udokhumenti lubekwe khona.

Futhi ukuqala kuzosiza ...

Isiphakamiso sesibili esilandelayo ukuze ugweme ukuhlinzwa okungenzeka kube khona - ukuqala noma ukubukwa kwamakhasi awo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngabantu abagunyazwe umyalelo okhethekile wokuhlela umuntu.

Ngendlela, "ukubona", okushiwo iqiniso lethu elibuhlungu, kulokhu, kuyiqiniso ukuthi kungcono "ukuqalwa". Ukubona kungenziwa kuphela ngesiginesha esivamile, kodwa futhi ngesibonakaliso noma isitembu, lapho igama lenhlangano, igama eligcwele, isikhundla nesakhiwo sendawo yomuntu ophetheyo, inombolo yekhasi kanye nenani eliphelele lamakhasi kulo mbhalo kuzoboniswa.