Trade Foreign: izici nezindlela zokuqondisisa

Inqubo kwembulunga yonke ethathwa njengongqondongqondo kwezomnotho emhlabeni, kuhambisana nentuthuko endleleni kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, kunomthelela omkhulu kwi imisebenzi yonke nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho. Ikakhulukazi, kwandisa umkhiqizo jikelele, izinga ngcono amasevisi, kukhona ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithombo yemvelo. Izinguquko kulezi nemingcele nomthelela emnothweni wezwe ngalinye iqhaza ezinqutsheni ukuhweba global. Nokho, inhlangano ngayinye ezimakethe zomhlaba uphoqelekile ukuba bamukele izidingo ezintsha ebekwa simiso sezwe. Kulesi simo, kudingeka ngezikhathi uhlaziye imigomo, izinjongo nezindlela ukuyifinyelela phakathi kwethonya isimo kumsebenzi angaphandle nezomnotho kuleli zwe.

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko ohlelweni ezimakethe zomhlaba

izixazululo kuqondene kakhulu izinkinga ngenhla obeka ukuhweba isakhiwo global, yangaphakathi nezinqubo iminotho othola izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, isimo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kuleli zwe has a elikhulu kumiswa namanye amazwe. Ucoca imigomo esemqoka kanye nezinhloso, izindlela nezindlela ukuyifinyelela ngayo. Lesi simo esikhona eRussia. Ngakho, ngokuba njalo zifunana izinyathelo theory kanye nama-practical, okuyinto ngaphansi kwethonya namanye amazwe Russian. Inhloso imisebenzi ingafika Dynamics omuhle yentuthuko emnothweni kazwelonke.

Regulation namanye amazwe ezingeni zomthetho

Movement of zonke izimpahla ngaphesheya komngcele waseRussia iwukusebenzisa okuthunyelwe ukuwela. Umsebenzi wabo waqashwa Ikhodi Customs. Lokhu imidanti, esikhundleni salokho, usetha imibuso ekhethekile, ulawula izinqubo sokubhalisa nokulawula. Ukwephula imithetho ebekwe Ikhodi, luhambisana nomthwalo ezahlukene izinhlobo zesijeziso. Lokhu kuyabonakala idokhumenti. Customs Ikhodi sibandakanya uhla zonke esetshenziswa RF system yokudlulisela izincazelo. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zihlanganisa ezifana "Izwe Lokudabuka izimpahla", "izinkokhelo kusetshenziswa umklamo imikhiqizo," kanye nabanye abaningi. umthetho Federal, echaza izisekelo wesi isimo namanye amazwe, kuhlanganisa iziqondiso eziyisisekelo umsebenzi ekwakhiweni nokuthuthuka, ahlele isikhundla yenhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it yakha wemigomo esemqoka womsebenzi ezimakethe zomhlaba. kwenziwe Ngakho amasiko nemithetho namanye amazwe. Abahlanganyeli, ngokuhambisana nomthetho, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Izifundo eyinhloko yobuhlobo kwezomnotho angaphandle. izinhlobo Lokhu yenkampani ezihlukahlukene impahla, okuyinto eyenziwa umsebenzi namanye amazwe.
• I federal izinhlangano isimo kanye namabhizinisi.
• Kubahlanganyeli ngamazwe self-service elithengisa.

Zonke izinhlangano ezingokomthetho kanye osomabhizinisi ngamanye ehilelekile ubudlelwane emakethe zibhaliswe amasiko iziphathimandla. Nokho, le nqubo kwenziwa ngokuzithandela.

izindlela ukulawula

Kunezindlela eziningana amasu ezisetshenziswa uhulumeni waseRussia ekusebenziseni ukulawula kubahlanganyeli imisebenzi namanye amazwe. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Imikhawulo kanye enqabelo.
• izindlela zokulawula ahlobene ezingahlobene amasiko yamanani.
• Izingqinamba (inkanuko) isinyathelo emkhakheni wezomnotho ezingeni wombuso.

isiqondiso State imisebenzi namanye amazwe

inhlangano esakhiwe kahle lokulawula uhulumeni luyisici esiyinhloko e ukusebenza ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Bodies, ngaphansi kokuqondisa okuyinto angaphandle umsebenzi ukuhweba, akhiwa ngesisekelo ekuthuthukiseni zomlando wezwe, indawo yayo ezindawo kanye nezici jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Soviet Union kwakukhona eyodwa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo esinakho. Inikeza ukulawula ezivamile nokuphathwa emkhakheni namanye amazwe. Esikhathini esizayo, kwathatha ubudlelwane emakethe ayitholwa isakhiwo ukuthi iqedwe. Kulokhu, zezinkonzo kanye neminyango iqhaza izifunda Uthole eziningi amalungelo ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe.

Modern uhlelo lokulawula ku Russian Federation

Uhlelo lwamanje ukulawulwa namanye amazwe ekugcineni kwakhiwa ngo-2005. Lesi sakhiwo ihlukaniswe yaba amazinga amathathu.

1. Federal. Kulelizinga, izinqumo zithathwa iziphathimandla zomphakathi.
2. Regional. Lapha ezenziwa iziphathimandla ezifundeni wezwe.
3. Endaweni. Kulelizinga, imisebenzi namanye amazwe kulawulwa emizimbeni wendawo.

Ngokuvumelana nesinqumo kahulumeni esedale ezikhethekile esiphezulu izikhungo baphathiswe ukuphathwa yomsebenzi wezomnotho angaphandle. Lezi ejensi zihlanganisa: Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of yezokuhwebelana kanye ukulalela Federal Service Customs and Federal Agency for the ukulawula izindawo ezikhethekile zezomnotho.

Imali ekhokhelwa futhi lengakhokhelwa izindlela ukulawula

1. Ukwethulwa imisebenzi yokungenisa kwepahla. Le ndlela ihlose ukuthola izinzuzo abakhiqizi yasekhaya futhi isimo, ezithinta imali eyengeziwe. Abathengi, kunalokho, bephoqeleka ukuba ukuthenga izimpahla ngemali emba eqolo, ukuze bathwale ukulahlekelwa.
2. Ukwethulwa imisebenzi kwamanye amazwe. Amakhasimende ukuthola inzuzo wanezela yokunciphisa amanani yasekhaya, abakhiqizi bayahlupheka ukulahlekelwa, isimo uthola imali eyengeziwe.

Ukuze imikhiqizo yabo futhi ukwanda ithumela kwamanye amazwe amaningana ekusebenziseni izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• anikezwe intela yisifiso amafemu wahlanganyela emave;
• Wawuthwele elikhiphe ukubolekisa ephansi isithakazelo kanye loans yokukhipha imikhiqizo;
• wenza isivumelwano ku ezingeni wombuso, okuhloswe ngaso ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla emazweni angaphandle.

futhi lengakhokhelwa izindlela elawulwa namanye amazwe umsebenzi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• imikhawulo ukuthekelisa;
• quota eziphoqelelwe yezimpahla ezingena;
• ukuhweba ukuvimbela - kuvinjelwe yokungenisa (ukuthekelisa) kohlobo oluthile umkhiqizo;
• ulahla - ukuthengisa emphahleni ngamanani aphansi ukwedlula emakethe yasekhaya.

umnotho ovulekile

Leli gama kufanele kuvisiswe inqubo yokuhweba nalo lonke izwe abahlanganyeli emakethe lapho umuntu eba inani okungenani kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle imikhawulo. Ukuze lolu hlobo umnotho libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphezulu izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• amazinga yokuthekelisa nokungenisa ekukhiqizeni sebebonke;
• semali ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle maqondana yangaphakathi;
• khona-quota angaphandle (GNP).

International emakethe njengoba uhlobo ubuhlobo

Ezweni lanamuhla elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe of ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ubonakala ifomu eyinhloko ukuxhumana. Izinkinga ezikhona emakethe zangaphandle enikelwe omningi imisebenzi yesayensi, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto ukuthola zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa nokuzinza kohlelo komnotho wephasi loke. Akukona ahlale ngaphandle ukunakwa kakhulu umthelela wabo ukuthuthukiswa yomphakathi. Nokho, naphezu emakethe umhlaba wonke jikelele, nabalawuli eyinhloko yobuhlobo ukuhweba yizakhamuzi wemakethe jikelele. Basuke esekelwe izithakazelo kwezomnotho yezwe, okuya ngokuthi yikuphi yinqubo ukuxhumana nabanye abadlali. Lubonakaliswa kumiswa izinyunyana, ukudalwa izivumelwano ezithile ezingeni wombuso.