I-baking soda: ifomula yamakhemikhali. Umuthi wamakhemikhali we-baking soda nesicelo sakho

Mhlawumbe, kuzo zonke ikhishi lasekhaya kukhona i-soda - ibhokisi elijwayelekile elibonakalayo elinomuthi we-powdery. Izinduna zizisebenzisa njengesithasiselo se-culinary sokubhaka. Noma kunjalo, ububanzi besicelo saso bukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi leyo nto ingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ngokuthi umsizi womuntu wonke. Kodwa yini i-soda? Ikhona ngaziphi izindlela futhi isetshenziswa kanjani ekuphileni kwansuku zonke?

Amagama we-soda

Ngaphambi kokuphendukela kumakhemikhali we-soda, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi igama layo - "soda", le nto yayitholakala egameni le-plant solyanka soda, umlotha owawuwumthombo wesoda.

E-chemistry, i-soda yigama elivamile lamanoni e-sodium carbonic acid:

• Na ₂ CO ₃ (sodium carbonate) - umuthi wamakhemikhali we-soda ash;
• Na ₂ CO ₃ · 10H ₂ O - i-soda yokuhweba;
• I-NaHCO ₃ - i-baking soda. Lena yindlela yamakhemikhali ye-baking soda;
• Na ₂ CO ₃ · H ₂ O noma Na ₂ CO ₃ · 7H ₂ O iyinqubo yamakhemikhali ye-crystalline soda.

Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kanye nasembonini yamakhemikhali, kunamagama amaningana amancane okwenyama:

• I-baking soda;
• Ukuphuza i-soda;
• I-bicarbonate ye-sodium;
• I-EZ500 engezayo;
• I-decahydrate ye-sodium.

Ifomula yomthetho

Umuthi wamakhemikhali we-baking soda yi-NaHCO ₃ . Lena usawoti we- acidic we-carbonic acid. Uma sengeza izisindo ze-athomu kuzo zonke izakhi zayo, sithola ubuningi be-athomu besilingana no-84 a. E.

Indlela yokwakhiwa kwayo ilula kakhulu. Ikhemikhali yamakhemikhali yokudla kwe-soda ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi ye-sodium hydroxide ne-carbonic acid:

NaOH + H ₂ CO ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O.

Emkhakheni wekhemikhali, i-sodium bicarbonate iyinkimbinkimbi ye-sodium cation ne-anion bicarbonate. Uma lezi zakhi zifakwa emzimbeni, zivamise ukulinganisela kwe-asidi-base, zinciphisa okweqile kwama-acid ezisezingeni eliketshezi.

I-soda ebalwa

Umuthi wamakhemikhali we-soda ash ngu-Na2CO3. I-soda eqoshiwe yinto ehlanzekile, engcolile engaboniswa ngesimo se-granules (A) noma i-powder (B).

Loluhlobo lwe-soda lunenombolo yezici ezihlukanisa i-soda ash ekudleni.

1. PH wephakathi. Kokubili ukudla kanye ne-soda ash kukhona ama-alkali, kodwa owokuqala ubuthakathaka, nge-pH = 8, neyesibili - eqinile, ne-pH = 11. I-formula yamakhemikhali ye-soda yezobuchwepheshe ibuye ikhombise isimo semvelo.
2. Ububanzi besicelo. I-baking soda isetshenziswa embonini yokudla, i-cosmetology nemithi. Ukubalwa kuyasetshenziswa njenge-agent ehlanzekile yokuhlanza.

Endlini ngosizo lwe-soda ash, unga:

• Ukugeza ngokuwusebenzisa njengokuhlanza izingubo;
• Geza phansi, kodwa ukuze uphethile futhi uphethile leli thuluzi ngeke lisebenze, ngoba lingalimaza ingubo;
• Khipha ukuvinjwa kwepayipi;
• Ukuhlanza imikhiqizo kusuka ku-faience.

Uma usebenzisa i-soda ash, kudingeka uqaphele ngokucophelela, ngoba into enobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu, engxenyeni yesithathu yemithi enobungozi.

Izakhiwo zomzimba we-baking soda

I-bicarbonate ye-sodium ingumuthi ophuziweyo wombala omhlophe. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi yezakhi ze-sodium, i-hydrogen, i-carbon ne-oxygen.

Ubukhulu be-powder buyi-2.16 g / cm ³ .

Emazingeni okushisa we-+50 ^о -60 ^о С into eqala ukuqubuka.

I-bicarbonate ye-sodium, noma i-baking soda, ifakwe ngesimo se powder elimbi. Iququgquzela kakhulu emanzini. Awukukhanya. Umuthi wamakhemikhali wokuphuza i-soda ufana nokudla.

Isixazululo se-soda

I-baking soda yizinto eziqede ngokuphelele emanzini, okwenza kube nesisombululo soda. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanzeka njengendlela yokugcoba umlomo womlomo.

Ikhemikhali yamakhemikhali yesisombululo se-soda kanje:

I-NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O = H ₂ CO ₃ + NaOH.

Isixazululo se-squeous soda sinama-alkaline aphansi.

I-bicarbonate ye-sodium ngesisombululo esinamandla ihlukanisa ukudala ion ilandelayo:

Na ₂ CO ₃ ↔ 2Na ⁺ + CO ₃ ^2-

Izakhiwo ze-soda njenge-alkali

Njengoba sekushiwo ngokuphindaphindiwe, i-sodium hydrogencarbonate yinto e-alkaline. Leli qiniso lithinta ukusetshenziswa kwe-soda njengendlela yokunciphisa ukwanda kwe-acidity yomzimba, ikakhulukazi isisu. Izinto ezakha into enomzimba zinomthelela ophephile.

I-soda ikwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinso, ngoba umchamo ohoxisiwe unomvelo we-alkaline. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina inani elidingekayo le-glutamine AK emzimbeni, okuvimbela ukubukeka kwamatshe ngamasongo.

Imvelo yemvelo yenza kube ngcono kangcono amanye amavithamini eqembu B: B1, B4, B5, B6 no B12.

Uma usebenzisa i-soda ngokugaya kahle, kuhlangene nobisi olushisayo. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuthi izingxenye zamathumbu ezincane zamathumbu ezinamathumbu ezinama-amino acisi ubisi, okuholela ekubukeni kwe-sodium usawoti wama-amino acids, onomlingiswa we-alkaline. La ma-amino acids angcono kakhulu kune-soda, angene emgodleni wegazi, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise izitolo ze-alkaline zomzimba.

I-Caustic soda

Umuthi wamakhemikhali we-caustic soda yi-NaOH. Indlela yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo: Na - O - H.

Isisindo samangqamuzana salo mzimba sakhiwa izinsimbi ze-athomu, ukwakha izingxenye zalo Na, O, noH. Kulingana no-40.

I-caustic iququgquzela kakhulu emanzini.

Embonini ngokuphathelene nalolu hlobo lwe-soda amagama asetshenziswayo:

• I-Caustic soda;
• I-hydrodium i-sodium;
• Hydrate ye-oksididididididi.

Uma usebenza nge-soda caustic, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izakhi zokuzivikela zokuzivikela, ngoba lapho uhlangana nesikhumba, ushiya ukushisa okukhulu.

I-soda ihlanganiswe noviniga

I-formula yamakhemikhali eviniga ne-soda yi-reaction ye-quenching, lapho amanzi, i-carbon dioxide ne-acetic acid ekwakhiwa khona.

Lokhu "okuhlangenwe nakho" kwamakhemikhali kuhambisane nesimo sokuthi uqobo lwakhe, olubonisa ukuqala "kokushisa" kwe-soda.

Lokhu kusabela kwenziwa ebhizinisini lokugaya, lapho behlose ukuxoqa inhlama yokubhaka. Uviniga ngalokhu kuthathwe emakethe angu-9%. I-analogue ye-asidi ingaba ijusi lemon, i-apula noma iwayini iviniga.

Ngakho kungani ukuziphatha lokhu ekulungiseleleni ukuhlolwa? Into yukuthi i-carbon dioxide eyenziwa ngokubola kwe-soda inikeza ukuhlolwa kobuhle.

Ukulungiselela into

Kanye isoda sasikhishwa emlilweni wesitshalo yi-saltwort. Njengamanje, isisekelo sokuthola lesi sitoli sulfate yemvelo . Ukusabela kokulungiswa kunjengokulandelayo, lapho ngakwesokudla umuthi wamakhemikhali we-soda uboniswa:

Na ₂ SO ₄ + 3C + ₂ O ₂ = 2Na ₂ CO ₃ + CO ₂ + ₂ SO ₂ ;
I-CaCO ₃ + C + Na ₂ SO ₄ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + 4CO + CaS.

Isicelo se-baking soda

I-soda ithandwa kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke, futhi hhayi kuphela njengento ekhonta. Kodwa ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe amacala lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-soda.

1. Okokuqala, kufanelekile ukuphawula futhi ukuthi i-soda iyisithako sokudla ebhizinisini lokugaya. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo akusiyo ingozi: uma kushisa, lo mthombo uyakwazi ukukhulula umshini we-carbon dioxide, ophinde unikeze ukuhlolwa kwe-airiness. Kulokhu, izenzo ze-soda njenge-powder baking. Kodwa uma uthenga isikhwama esinokuvula isikhala esidayiswayo emasitolo, bese ubeka emaphaketheni emgqeni wokwakheka ungathola ukutholakala kwe-soda, okukhethwa njenge-supplement E500.
2. Sebenzisa i-baking soda kanye nokukhiqizwa kweziphuzo ze-carbonate.
3. Ngokuvamile i-soda isetshenziselwa imithi ebizwa nge "folk". Kule ndawo, i-soda yi-panacea cishe noma yikuphi ukugula, isibonelo, ukusebenza kwayo kukhonjiswe ngokushaya inhliziyo, ukukhwehlela, ngomkhuhlane, isisu, ekushiseni okuphakeme.
4. Akukubi kabi ukuzibonakalisa ngokwayo ukupheka i-soda kanye nokuhlanza. Ungayisebenzisa ukuhlanza amapayipi, amapayipi e-aluminium, izitsha, amaphepathi, isiliva kanye nokuhlanza izingubo. Isidakamizwa sinomuthi omuhle we-disinfectant kanye ne-agent ye-antifungal.
5. Abesifazane abaningi basebenzisa i-soda ngezinhloso zezimonyo nezokuhlanzeka. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-scrub isikhumba. Umkhiqizo uyokhipha ngokuphelele isikhumba esinzima sezinyawo uma sisetshenziselwa ukugeza ngamanzi. Ngesizo sakhe, ungasusa iphunga lokujuluka kuzo zombili izigqoko nezicathulo.

Sizosiza soda namazinyo ukugcoba. Lena indlela engabizi kodwa esebenzayo. I-powder ye-soda ixubene ne-toothpaste noma amanzi futhi ukunyakaza okunciphisa ukuxubha amazinyo akho.

I-Caustic Soda: Isicelo

Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwe-soda kufanele kuhambisane nezinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha, ngoba i-caustic soda iyinhlangano e-alkali eqinile engakwazi "ukudla" izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlala.

Kungani isisombululo se-caustic esisetshenzisweni sasekhaya singaba usizo?

1. I-Caustic iphikisana ngokugcwele nezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ezitsheni. Kodwa kufanele ugweme ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-aluminium ne-Teflon. Kodwa kuzo zonke ezinye izimbiza, amaphiko noma ukubhaka - sicela. I-Nagar, scum, ama-fat age angama-age - ngakho konke lokhu kubhekana kalula ne-caustic.
2. I-caustic soda ingaxazulula inkinga yamapayipi agwetshiwe. Udinga nje ukugcwalisa izidakamizwa zegranular bese ushiya isikhashana, bese ugeza ngamanzi asebenzayo.

I-soda eyingozi, ebuye i-caustic soda, iyasebenza kakhulu ezingeni lezimboni ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza.

1. Ukwakhiwa. Lapha isisetshenziswa sisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezakhiwo zokwakha, futhi sisebenza njengengxenye eyengeziwe eqinisa isisekelo esiyisisekelo sezinhlaka.
2. Embonini yokudla. I-caustic soda nayo isebenza ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo yokudla. Yiqiniso, kulokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlushwa okubuthakathaka. Ngokubamba iqhaza kwakhe, i-cocoa powder ne-tshokoleta, i-ayisikhilimu, i-caramel, isinkwa siyabhaka, sisetshenziswe njengesithasiselo esingu-Е524.
3. Imboni yezembatho. Kule nsimu, i-caustic soda iyasiza ekugcokeni kwe-bleaching kanye nokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-raber.
4. Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali: i-caustic soda isetshenziswa njenge-neutralizer ye-acids, indlela yokuhlanza amafutha nemikhiqizo esekelwe kuwo. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha wezobuchwepheshe nakho akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokungezwa kwe-soda caustic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-caustic soda iyisimo esihle sokwenza okuthile kwamakhemikhali.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-soda caustic kanye nokwenza insipho ekukhiqizeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zesobho, ama-shampoos nama-gel.

I-soda ebalwa: sebenzisa

I-soda eqoshiwe nayo ibizwa nangokuthi ingubo yangaphansi. Izindlela ezikhethekile zalolu thuluzi elisetshenziselwa iSoviet Union, ngakho-ke, ungasho ukuthi: i-linen soda ihlolwe isikhathi.

Ithuluzi lisetshenziswe ezimweni ezilandelayo:

1. Phakathi nokugeza kwezinto.
2. Lapho uhlanza izindawo eziyi-tile, i-ceramics, u-faience.
3. Uma ususa ukuvinjelwa emipayipi.
4. Ukuqedwa kwesilinganiso emidlalweni yemishini yokuwasha, kanye nezitsha.
5. Ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi emasimini ekhishini.

Kusukela ngenhla, isiphetho siyaziveza: i-soda iyisisombululo sendawo yonke esetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zombili zokuphila nezindabuko.

Ikhwalithi enhle yezinto eziwukuthi ingathengwa ipenny.