I-Altai Reserve iyisiqalo se-Altai Territory

Thina, abantu bekhulu lama-21, besijwayele ukungabi kude nempucuko isikhathi eside kunezinsuku ezimbalwa, cha, cha, bese siqala ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngalezo zinsuku lapho behamba khona ngokunganaki epaki, bahlala emzaneni noma bahlale ubusuku ematendeni eduze komlilo.

Ingabe lokhu kungenzeka namanje ezweni lanamuhla? "Yiqiniso," - abahambi abanolwazi bazophendula. Noma kunjalo, ukuze usebenzise lolu hlelo, kuzomele ukhethe ngokucophelela indawo yokuphumula. Isibonelo, iya e-Altai Reserve. Kungani ukhetha le ndawo? Yini engavamile ngakho ukuthi iminyaka engamashumi eminyaka iye yavakashelwe lapha minyaka yonke yizakhamuzi zasemizaneni ezungezile nezivakashi ezivela kude nasekude kakhulu.

Lesi sihloko ngeke sitshele abafundi kuphela ukuthi yi-West-Altai Reserve, kodwa futhi ukwabelana ngolwazi oluningi oluwusizo oludingekayo ukuze kube khona isikhathi esiphuthumayo semvelo.

Incazelo jikelele

I-Altai State Reserve yaqala ukusebenza kwayo ngo-Okthoba 7, 1967, ngesikhathi kutholakala isakhiwo esisha esilondoloziwe endaweni yesigodi, esasukela ngo-1932 kuya ku-1951, ngokusho kweziphathimandla zendawo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi itholakala endaweni yezintaba zaseSiberia yaseSouth futhi ihlanganisa izindawo zaseTurochak nase-Ulagan zeRiphabhuliki yase-Altai.

I-Altai Reserve ingaqhayisa indawo ehlaba umxhwele, okungamahektha angu-881,238.

Qaphela ukuthi ubude besigceme esivela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga yi-230 km, nobubanzi - 30-40 km.

Imigomo kanye nezinhloso

I-Altai Nature Reserve yasungulwa ukuze ifinyelele imigomo ecacile.

Ake sizame ukubhala phansi okuyisisekelo:

• Ukuze ulondoloze inqwaba ebaluleke kakhulu futhi engavamile ebuhleni iTeletskoe kanye nemifula yayo;
• Vikela amahlathi emisedari;
• Ukuze ulondoloze izilwane zokuzingela ezibaluleke kakhulu nezokuhweba ezisemkhawulweni wokuqedwa, isibonelo, maral, moose, sandable, njalonjalo.

Futhi, izinhloso eziyinhloko zokudalwa kwalesi sigceme zihlanganisa nesifiso sokufundwa okumi kuze kube nini nanini ngesimo sendawo yonke. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Altai State Nature Reserve ukuhlinzeka, ukugcina nokufunda:

• Izinhlelo ezivamile nezingqayizivele zemvelo;
• Inkambo yemvelo yezimo zemvelo nezinqubo;
• Isikhwama semfuyo yemifino nezilwane;
• Izinhlobo ezihlukene kanye nemiphakathi yezilwane nezitshalo.

Izici ze-flora zendawo

Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Altai Territory yonke, njengensimu ekhulunywe ngenhla, zicebile kakhulu ezingavamile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezitshalo ezingavamile.

Okuvamile kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezifana ne-fir, i-spruce, i-larch, i-birch, imisedari, i-pin. Ukuziqhenya kweqiniso kuyizintaba zemifula e-eco-friendly.

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ububanzi bomuthi womsedari okhulile lapha buyafinyelela kumamitha angu-1.8, naphezu kokuthi ubudala bawo buyinani elikhulu - eminyakeni 400-450.

Ngokuvamile, i-West-Altai Reserve icebile futhi ihlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1500 zezitshalo eziphakeme, ama-mushroom angu-111. I-Lichens yedwa inombolo engu-272.

Inqolobane inezinhlobo ezingu-668 zama-algae ezaziwa isintu. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zama-lichen ezivela eqoqweni, lapho izinqolobane ze-Altai Territory zingaziqhayisa, zifakwe ohlwini lwe-Red Book yaseRussia. Izitshalo ezinjalo ezinjalo zifaka amaleyari (kokubili izigqoko kanye ne-pulmonary), inqamule umngcele kanye nabanye.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezingxenyeni zendawo kukhona ukwakheka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezimila kudalwe ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwendawo yendawo yezimo zezulu nezemvelo, kanye nangenxa yezindawo ezilukhuni eziphakeme, kwezinye izindawo zifinyelela uphawu lwamamitha angu-3500.

Kunezinhlobo ezingu-1,500 ezaziwayo zabameleli be-flora, endemics kanye neziqu ezitholakala. Indawo yendawo yokugcina ayigcinanga nje kuphela, kodwa itholakala kahle kakhulu: ekuhlanganisweni kwezintaba ze-Altai, iTuva ne-Sayan. Umhlaba wezilwane ocebile kakhulu wezinqolobane unqunywa ukuhlukahluka kwezimo zemvelo, kanye nokubunzima kwemingcele ye-biogeographic kanye nentuthuko yomlando yemvelo.

Izilwane zase-Altai Reserve

Enye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zabameleli bezilwane ezihlala e-Altai taiga yi-sandable. Izihlahla zomsedari zithatha indawo ebalulekile ekudleni kwayo, ngakho ukubeka lesi silwane endaweni enqolobane kuncike ekusatshalaliseni kwemisedari, kanti lezi zihlahla zinemithombo egcwele ye-Altai Reserve.

Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane eziphilayo ezinama-maral, ama-reindeer, ama-roe deer, imbuzi yaseSiberia, i-Siberian musk deer kanye nezimvu zezintaba.

Izinhlobo eziningi kunazo zonke endaweni yesigceme yi-maral, isilwane esikhulu se-taiga-mountain. Njengazo zonke izinyamazane, unyaka ngamunye, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uphonsa izimpondo zakhe, futhi ngokushintshanisa zikhule ezintsha. Izimpondo ezincane zibizwa nge-pantami. Zibaluleke kakhulu njengezinto eziwusizo zemithi.

Izakhamuzi eziningi ezigciniwe

Emahlathini ase-Altai Reserve, ama-musk deer aseSiberia atholakala. Ayinaso izimpondo, kodwa inezinhlayiya ezithuthukile kahle kwi-gum engenhla. Ubude bawo buba ngu-10-12 cm. Umswakama wama-musk we-musk deer ungasetshenziswa ekwenzeni imimoya yekhwalithi.

Lokhu okugcinwe, kanye ne- Tigirek Reserve ye- Altai Territory, idume ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala yemvelo yesinye isilwane esingavamile - inyane lembuzi laseSiberia.

Ehlangothini eseningizimu, kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze, kunezimvu zezintaba zasendle. Yiqiniso, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokuqothulwa kokubili izidumbu nabantu, lezi zilwane zazimbalwa nje, ngakho-ke, kanye nengwe yeqhwa, zibalwe eNcwadini Ebomvu.

Abantu abambalwa kakhulu bayazi ukuthi cishe eminyakeni engaba ngu-35 edlule isithumba sasendle sangena eTuva sisuka eTuva. Futhi nanamuhla selivele landa kakhulu endaweni yale ndawo, likhiqiza ngokuphumelelayo futhi landa kancane ngezinombolo.

I-Altai Reserve iphinde ibe yizilwane ezinkulu njengezilusi, ibhere, i-wolverine ne-lynx. Ibhere lihlala ezintabeni zase-Altai. Ungumakhalekhukhwini omkhulu futhi ukhula ngesivinini esikhulu uma usebenza. Ngaphambi kokuba alale emgodini, uhlanganisa inani elikhulu lamafutha, okubhekwa njengophulukisa. Kusihlwa kwentwasahlobo, kanye nasekuseni, amabhere angabonakala ehlwanyela emathafeni aseningizimu yezintaba, lapho adla amahlumela amancane.

Ukwakhiwa kwesitoreji

Njengamanje, i-Altai Reserve inamasebe amane:

• Isayensi;
• Imfundo yemvelo;
• Ukuphepha;
• Economic.

Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu enqolobaneni eyenziwa ngosizo lomnyango wezokuphepha.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesayensi ukutadisha inkambo yemvelo yezinqubo ezinkampanini zemvelo ezisendaweni ye-Altai Reserve. Ngosizo lwethimba locwaningo, izifundo ziqhutshwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Namuhla, umnyango wesayensi we-Altai Reserve uthatha ingxenye esebenzayo ekuhloleni i-argala, i-musk deer, neleqhwa leqhwa.

Imikhakha yemfundo yemvelo yasungulwa ngenhloso yokwenza ukuqonda phakathi komphakathi waseRussia inkinga ehlobene nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokuphepha kwemvelo. Mayelana nalokhu, ochwepheshe be-reserve baqhuba imisebenzi ehlukahlukene hhayi nje kuphela nezivakashi ezigciniwe, kodwa futhi nabantu.

Umlando wendalo

NgoMeyi 24, 1958 uMkhandlu WeziNgqongqoshe we-RSFSR wakhipha umyalelo okuhloswe ngawo ukubuyiselwa kwaleli paki lemvelo, okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi kwakungu-914777 hectare.

Kodwa-ke, ehlobo lika-1961 i-Altai Reserve yaphinda yahlakazwa. Phakathi nenkathi kusukela ngo-1965 kuya ku-1967, umphakathi wesayensi waseSiberia uphakamise ukukhishwa kwesidingo sokwakha indawo enjalo yokuphepha endaweni egcinwe lapha ngaphambili.

Ngo-Mashi 24, 1967, iKomidi eliPhezulu loMkhandlu Wase-Altai Territorial of Deputies People's Deputies wanquma ukusungula indawo evikelekile ngokukhethekile ukuze kulondolozwe ubunzima obuyingqayizivele bemvelo ye-Pritetskaya taiga neLwandle iTettskoye.

Yini ongayibona kuqala?

Ungaya e-Altai Reserve kuphela kusukela eLwandle LaseTeltskoye, ngakho-ke uzoba nethuba lokujwayele futhi uqonde lokho okuthiwa u-Altyn-Kolya.

Igama lesiRussia yilona ilwandle elitholwa yi-Cossacks, owavela kuqala kulelikhulu lama-17. Imvelaphi yegama elingavamile lihlotshaniswa nesizwe sase-Altaic seTeles esasihlala ogwini lolwandle.

Futhi endaweni egcinwe kuyo kunezindlela ezithakazelisayo, njengeLake Kholodnoye, i-Korbu, iKishte nama-waterfalls angenakufinyeleleka.

Ngendlela, akubona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi imvula yamanzi iKorbu itholakala phakathi kweLwandle laseTeltskoye. It has a stait observation kahle futhi imininingwane imile, futhi ukuphakama kuyinto 12.5 amamitha. Lena enye yamanzi emifula enhle kakhulu.

I-Corbu Waterfall

Le ndawo itholakala egameni elifanayo lomfula i-Korbu, eligeleza eLwandle laseTeletskoye. Ibhange lonke elingakwesokudla lechibi nalo likhona ensimini ye-Altai Reserve.

I-waterfall yakha ifu lomfula wamanzi, elihlala ligijima nxazonke.

Izivakashi ze-reserve, ezisezingeni eliphezulu lokubukwa kwe-waterfall, zinombono omuhle kakhulu. Ebusika, lapho umfula ukhululeka ngokuphelele, imvula yaseCorbu idala udonga oluqhakazile lweqhwa.

Ungangena emanzini kuphela: udinga ukuwela leli chibi ngesikebhe. Lolu hambo luthandwa kakhulu phakathi kohambo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ingozi kubahambi abaza emanzini echibini, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi phezulu noma okuphansi kuzoqala, okwenza ngezinye izikhathi uhambo lufinyeleleke.

Kusukela ngo-1978, amanzi e-Korbu asezingeni lesikhumbuzo semvelo.

I-Falls yeKishte

Indawo enhle futhi enhle kakhulu ekhona emfuleni wegama elifanayo, eligeleza eLwandle laseTeletskoye ogwini olungakwesokudla.

Izivakashi zingakwazi ukujabulela ubuhle obumangalisayo bale mvula yamanzi eduze.

Qaphela ukuthi ungangena emanzini kuphela ngosizo lomkhumbi wemoto, ngoba isikebhe sokujabulisa asiyikungena. Umsindo wamanzi awela kungase uvezwe echibini, ngakho-ke, ebizwa ngokuthi iKishte, okusho ukuthi "ukubiza."

Ibuye inegama lesibili - iSable. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imvula yamanzi itholakala ensimini ye-Altai Reserve, ngakho-ke ukuze uyivakashele, kudingeka ube nemvume ekhethekile.

Yini engavunyelwe ukuyenza ensimini yendawo yokugcina?

Noma yimuphi umsebenzi ophikisana nezinhloso zokugcinwa kwemvume awuvunyelwe. Ngakho-ke ensimini yayo akunakwenzeka:

• Ingabe kudlula futhi kudlule kubantu abangabazi kanye nezimoto;
• Sika phansi ihlathi, ulungise i-gomme, ama-juice, izitshalo zokwelapha nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibuchwepheshe, uqoqe izithelo zasendle, amajikijolo, amakhowe, izimbali;
• Ukuhlwanyela utshani, ukuhloma izinkomo, ukubeka imifuba kanye nezindawo zezinyosi;
• Ukudoba nenhlanzi;
• Yakha izakhiwo, imigwaqo nezinye izinto zokuxhumana;
• Phonsa insimu enezidakamizwa nezinkunkuma ezihlukahlukene;
• Ukulimala nokubhubhisa izimpawu zolwazi kanye nokuma endaweni egcinwe kuyo, futhi wenze okuthile okuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo kwezinqubo zemvelo futhi kusongela izinkimbinkimbi zemvelo nezinto.