Uyini iconostasis eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox?

Nxa nifika iyiphi sesonto lobu-Orthodox ongaphambili ungakwazi ngokushesha ubone engcwelengcwele - altare, okuyinto umfanekiso embusweni wezulu. I-altare liyindawo okwenziwa umninindlu endlini yakhe engcwele - etafuleni lokuzehlukanisela, ngokuthi esiHlalweni sobukhosi, ke umpristi wenza imfihlakalo yakhe enkulu uma kukhona ushintsho of isinkwa saba inyama kanye newayini akungenanga ngeGazi likaKristu.

Uyini iconostasis?

I-altare uyashiywa lonke iconostasis isonto. Ukuhlaziya saqala ngalo mbuzo, uyini iconostasis, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwahlukanisa ukuhlukaniswa ekhethekile, ne imifanekiso ibekwe ngayo ubuso abangcwele. Iconostasis njengoba uxhuma emhlabeni wezulu nomhlaba yasemhlabeni. Uma i-altare - emhlabeni lasezulwini, iconostasis - emhlabeni lasemhlabeni.

Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia iconostasis linamarowu amahlanu ukuphakama. Inombolo yokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi i-Kokhokho, nguye phezulu, ekubonisa amadlozi yeSonto oNgcwele kumuntu wokuqala, u-Adamu, iTestamente Elidala umprofethi uMose. Maphakathi uchungechunge isithombe "iTestamente Elidala zintathu" njalo setha.

Uchungechunge yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi lesiprofetho, ngakho lapha esibonisa umprofethi owamenyezelwa uMariya ngokuzalwa kukaJesu Kristu. kuyinto isithonjana "Ukwazi" phakathi nendawo.

Deesis ngokuthi umugqa wesithathu iconostasis futhi imele yonke ethandaza Christ Church. Enhliziyweni ibekwe isithonjana "Kristu e soMkhulu", oluveza Kristu ebekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi njengeNkosi uMahluleli esesabekayo yazo zonke owadala ngayo futhi izwe. Ukuze kwesokunxele yakhe iyona Blessed Virgin Mary, futhi ngakwesokudla - ioann Predtecha.

Esikhathini uchungechunge wesine izenzakalo wentokozo watshela eTestamenteni Elisha, okusuka kunazo Christmas Virgin.

Futhi phansi, umugqa okwesihlanu iconostasis ibizwa ngokuthi "inombolo yendawo", maphakathi ke kukhona Royal Iminyango, lapho ngempela ukubeka uphawu "I ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina", futhi kuwo wonke amasango - isithonjana "Annunciation" (lapho Ekulu Gabriel litshela izindaba ezinhle eNcasakazini) futhi nhlangothi zombili esangweni - imifanekiso koMsindisi kanye Virgin.

Kusadingeka ukuba banake yokuthi nhlangothi zombili Royal Iminyango ezincane olulodwa ngendlu, babiza Deacon. Uma ithempeli elincane, lokhu umnyango kungenziwa kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa.

Assumption Cathedral uVladimir: isithombe kanye nencazelo

Ngokuvamile, isitayela, ukuma ukuphakama iconostasis kuxhomeke cwaningo izakhiwo kanye umlando nasethempelini, lapho-ke saphansi. Futhi kufanele kukalwa khona ngokuvumelana wacondza Ithempeli ngokwalo, okuyinto endulo yakhelwe abakhi. Design iconography nokwenza imifanekiso izikhathi eziningi zishintshile.

Assumption Cathedral uVladimir (isithombe oboniswe ngenhla) has iconostasis izingcezwana lokuqala, walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu. Le nkinga yaqala ngonyaka 1408, kuba umsebenzi Andreya Rubleva futhi indela yakhe wesimanje Daniil Cherny. Kwasukasukela, kwakugcwele eziyizitezi ezine senziwa Deesis Tier zazo ezinkulu futhi aphume uhlelo jikelele, kukhombisa indima yayo ekhethekile. I iconostasis esontweni akazange ukuvala izingongolo Dome, ngiyabonga kubo ke waba yizinqamu. Kamuva uVladimir iconostasis waba yisibonelo the iconography YaseMoscow ezibiyele Assumption Cathedral (1481) kanye kweNyuka Cathedral Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery (1497).

Umlando Cathedral

Lokhu sonto lakhiwa phakathi nokubusa Prince Andreya Bogolyubskogo phakathi kwekhulu XII, futhi ukuze uhambise icala uVladimir babemenyiwe ngezisebenzi kakhulu kusukela kuwo wonke umhlaba-Russian futhi romance kwezincwadi eNtshonalanga. Yakhiwa ukugcina isithonjana uVladimir UnguNina KaNkulunkulu - the ongumvikeli Russia. Kusolwa ukuthi lokhu isithonjana yabhalwa ngesikhathi esaphila iningi Virgin uSt Luka. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-450, weza eConstantinople, bahlala khona kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XII, futhi ke elithekelisiwe Yuriyu Dolgorukomu - uyise Andreya Bogolyubskogo. Yena ukulondolozwa isikhathi esiningi idolobha kwesikhulu Russian ekubhujisweni futhi impi.

iconostasis

Umbuzo ka uyini iconostasis, ungaqhubeka yokuthi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu mayelana umnyango wokuqala ukwaziswa kwe-altare kulo lonke isikhala iveli ethempelini noma isithiyo ezihlobana ekhulwini IV. Khona-ke emuva amasonto WaseByzantium kwesikrini altare wawuphansi kakhulu futhi ayenziwa uthango, imishayo itshe (templons) namakholomu. Maphakathi ubeke isiphambano, futhi phezu ezinhlangothini ze-altare kukhona izithonjana Kristu kanye Virgin. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi templon aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono imifanekiso, noma esikhundleni ezibaziweyo impumuzo izithombe kuso. Cross indawo isithonjana kaKristu, bese - Deisis (Deesis ezahlukene, ukunxusa) - yokwakheka imifanekiso emithathu phakathi nendawo - Kristu Pantocrator, baphendukela kuye ngomkhuleko ohlangothini lwesobunxele of the Virgin, futhi ngakwesokudla - ioann Krestitel. Ngezinye izikhathi nhlangothi zombili Deisis ungeze imifanekiso iholidi noma izithonjana ngabanye yabangcwele.

isiphetho

Amathempeli lokuqala lasendulo iphindwa imiklamo WaseByzantium. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi kungenzeka, ngoba amathempeli Iningi sokhuni, laphezu kwazo kulotshiwe ngokwamazwi akwenziwanga odongeni imidwebo, kodwa isibalo iconostasis anda imifanekiso futhi lakhula isithiyo altare.

Impendulo yombuzo uyini iconostasis, kumele wengeze ukuthi iconostasis okusezingeni eliphezulu ladluliselwa eRussia phakathi kwekhulu XVII, lapho ebonakala uchungechunge lendawo, amaholide, Deisis, Lezinzalamizi esingokwesiprofetho lifaka.