Umqondo, izici, izici, isakhiwo kanye nezinhlobo ngamaqembu amancane Psychology nomphakathi

Nsuku zonke, wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu mdala, izintandokazi, izithakazelo, isimo sabo emphakathini futhi izinga lokuphila ukuxhumana nabanye abantu emsebenzini, esikoleni, phakathi izihlobo, abangane, nengangibajwayele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu ongabazi. Kwakheka ubudlelwano ahlukahlukene, oxhumana nabo noxhumana nabo. Bantfu bahlangene amaqembu isithakazelo, lunye professional noma ezinye izici. Kuphakathi zokuxhumana ngendlela nabanye oluthinta ngqo ukwakheka ubuntu kanye ekutholweni indawo ethize ngabanye emisebenzini yezenhlalakahle. Ulwazi oluthile isisekelo ngokwengqondo kumiswa iinqhema kungasiza umuntu ukuba ukhethe indawo yabo. Professionals-odokotela bengqondo kwaziswa kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezikahle eqenjini obekusetshenzwa ngalo, inhloko kuzosiza ukuhlela ngempumelelo aphoyintimenti, uphathe imisebenzi ekuchumana lwabasebenzi. Namuhla, sizobe sabelane ngolwazi mayelana yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene amaqembu amancane futhi iziphi izici zabo.

Kuyini iqembu elincane Psychology?

Ngo Psychology, iqembu elincane ngokuthi inyunyana inombolo elincane labantu babe zokuxhumana isixhumanisi eyodwa yawo wonke abahlanganyeli, kukhona yobudlelwane nabanye ezivamile futhi imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela. ezihlanganisiwe ezifana kwakheka iqembu ngalinye. Izinhlobo ngamaqembu amancane Psychology yezenhlalakahle zihlukaniswa indlela kumiswa: ngemishini noma ezingokwemvelo.

Umbuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inombolo iqhaza kufanele ibe ezinjalo izinhlangano amancane, odokotela bengqondo nezokuhlalisana kwabantu baxoxisana emhlabeni wonke. Abanye ochwepheshe bangase baphikise ngokuthi ukudalwa iqembu elincane labantu ababili kuphela. Abanye, Okwamanje, bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ubudlelwano eqenjini elincane, eyayihlanganisa dyad (abadlali ababili), ehlukene kakhulu, banayo izici zabo, ngaphandle uphawu elincane luhlanganisa abantu. Ngakho-ke, ababesekela ukucabanga ngaleyo ndlela ukufakazela umbono wokuthi inani okungenani abahlanganyeli eqenjini elincane kumele kube abantu abangu-3.

kuphakama impikiswano Ngisho okwengeziwe nenani eliningi labantu ngamaqembu amancane. Ngo imisebenzi abalobi ezahlukene kungatholakala phakathi eziphezulu ezingu-10, 12 noma ngisho 40. Ngo emibhalweni wezifo zengqondo abadumile Dzhekoba Levi Moreno, owayebizwa imatasa inkinga ka social amaqembu, elikhonjiswa nge- inombolo enkulu labahlanganyeli iqembu elincane. Ngokubona kwakhe, kungukungcola abantu 50. Kodwa okungcono Ukwakheka kwezitho izinhlangano 10-12 abahlanganyeli. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emiphakathini nge inani elikhulu labantu ezidabula zenzeka kaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kumiswa izinhlobo ezintsha ngamaqembu amancane.

izici

Ukuze sithole iqoqo inombolo encane yabantu njengoba iqembu elincane, kubalulekile ukuba khona kwezici ezithile ehlukile:

1. imihlangano njalo abahlanganyeli.
2. Kumiswa yigoli, izinjongo.
3. umsebenzi Jikelele.
4. Ukuba khona isakhiwo, incazelo umholi, engumholi.
5. Kuchazwa izindima imisebenzi ngamunye owayekhona.
6. Kumiswa ubudlelwane yangaphakathi ekuchumana eqenjini.
7. imithetho Ezemfundo, amasiko, izinkambiso, ngaphakathi iqembu elincane.

Ukwakheka engokwemvelo neqembu elincane

Cishe njalo kwenzeka kukahulumeni omkhulu division ongahlosile iqhaza ku abambalwa inhlangano. Concept futhi izinhlobo ngamaqembu amancane, okuyinto kuye kwamiswa ngokwemvelo, kunqunywa ukuhlaziywa izici ezihlukile izici. Umkhaya Ohlukene abantu izithakazelo ezifanayo, izintandokazi, ukuphila isikhundla, ukuhambisana ngokwengqondo nokunye. izinhlangano ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama ngokwethukela.

imvelo ngasinye has division yayo elinganiselwe yamalungu group. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe abaholi abahleli imiphakathi efana ukwakheka kwamaqembu amancane kuthinta ikhono ukusebenza futhi emkhathini jikelele kuleli qembu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-imisebenzi yokufunda ngempumelelo eqenjini yezingane kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwamaqembu lolungakahleleki wadala izinguquko ezincane ngokoqobo nsuku zonke, be nemisebenzi wabahlanganyeli ziyahlukahluka. inhlangano enjalo angase aziphilele, beqondiswa umholi omdala. Phakathi izingane bobudala obungefani umholi kufanele uwine i idumela lihle.

Ngo amaqembu lolungakahleleki professional inhlangano imisebenzi ngempumelelo futhi kufanele kube umholi abaphendula ngokunengqondo. Engalawuliwe abasebenzi inyunyana ezinhlobeni ezihlukene namaqembu amancane kwesinye isikhathi esilimaza umsebenzi inkampani. Yenza abantu abazokwazi ukunganeliseki amaqembu ubuholi, imibandela yokusebenza nezinye izinto kuzoholela isiteleka, nokudilizwa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinkampanini ezinkulu, onikelwa isikhathi zimali zibekelwe phezu Psychology kwabasebenzi, ukusebenza isikhathi esigcwele sokusebenza kwengqondo. Munye walemisebenti we onguchwepheshe kuyinto ukuze sikwazi ukubona abangane abasebenzi 'emphakathini ukucacisa ukuma kwabo, nomsebenzi. Nge efanele, amaqembu anjalo ingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenkampani.

iqembu esisemthethweni

Ukwabela izinhlobo loluhlelekile amaqembu amancane emphakathini. Izici iqembu elinjalo wukuthi abantu bamunye hhayi okungaka at intando bese izintandokazi, njengoba kudingeka, isimo kanye neziqu professional. Ngu esisemthethweni ngamaqembu amancane kungafaka, isibonelo, ubunye ibhodi zokuphatha lenkampani.

At kwakheka ngesikhathi esifanayo, akhona futhi uxhumana izinhlobo loluhlelekile nalolungakahleleki amaqembu amancane enhlanganweni. Abaphathi nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo umsebenzi ekusebenziseni imisebenzi namaqembu komphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa yenkampani.

Imisebenzi amaqembu amancane

amaqembu amancane imisebenzi ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kanye kumiswa womuntu ngamunye kanye nethimba le iyonke. Odokotela bengqondo izici ezilandelayo ukuthi ayafana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinhlobo amaqembu amancane zenhlalo ezikhona inhlangano ethile yabantu:

1. Komphakathi lomuntu. Ukuqala nomuntu omncane engenathi ifunda ekuchumaneni nalabanye, izintandokazi kwakhiwa futhi zengqondo, uhlamvu nendawo emphakathini.
2. umsebenzi ekhululekile ukuba uthole ukuthi iyini kwakuzoba umuntu oyedwa ecenjini lelincane, esikhundleni sakhe kuwo. kwakhiwa Ngakho ukuzethemba, ephrofeshinali siqu yaqaphela isidingo ukukhuthaza abantu kanye nokwamukelwa.
3. umsebenzi Instrumental ivumela umuntu afeze ukuhlinzwa ekhethiwe.
4. Umsebenzi usizo ngokwengqondo ukusekela abahlanganyeli ekubhekaneni ukuphila nobunzima okhokhelwayo. Sekube izifundo ukuthi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza ngamaqembu amancane ukudinga nozakwethu, ngisho nangaphezu kokubhema ukuhlala nezihlobo. Chaza lesi simo singase sibe iqiniso lokuthi umuntu engathandi ukulimaza kanye ukulayishwa izinkinga zabo abathandekayo. Nakuba amalungu iqembu elincane Ungalalela, nika iseluleko, kodwa ungathathi enhliziyweni ulwazi, kusale abephule isikhala siqu yomuntu.

Izinhlobo nemisebenzi ngamaqembu amancane zincike kukhethwa emigomweni, lagcile social abangane abanjalo.

Ukwahlukanisa ngamaqembu amancane

neqembu elincane ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka yiziphi izici? Izinhlobo ngamaqembu amancane, nobuntu umsebenzi zawo ziyakuba kunqunywa ukuhlaziywa izinkomba ezithile.

ngokuhlukana Esinembile zalamaqembu.I yezenhlalakahle abekho. Odokotela bengqondo wazakhela nokuncoma Ukwahlukaniswa emaqenjini anjalo. Ngezansi Wambula izinhlobo amaqembu amancane etafuleni.

isakhiwo

Izinhlobo kanye nesakhiwo ngamaqembu amancane yiwona asondelene kuhlobene. Kuye onjani izinhlangano elincane elamiswa, kwakheka ngaphakathi isakhiwo umphakathi. Uyindlela kwangaphakathi, yobudlelwane nabanye, ezingokomzwelo nezingokwengqondo phakathi kwabantu iqhaza. Faka kusigaba isakhiwo amafomu alandelayo:

1. uhlobo Sociometric kusekelwe izintandokazi ekuchumana ukungathandwa.
2. Luchumano uzimisele uhlobo kolwazi ngaphakathi eqenjini, indlela yokuxhumana phakathi abahlanganyeli.
3. Indima sakhiwo ukusatshalaliswa izikhundla nemisebenzi phakathi amalungu eqembu encane. Ngakho, leli qembu libizwa zihlukaniswe labo abenza izinqumo nalabo abenza nezenzo ukwesekwa.

Ubudlelwano iqhaza lamaqembu amancane

Inkinga ubudlelwane obufanele phakathi neqembu elincane labantu abazinikezele eziningi imisebenzi ngokwengqondo nezenhlalo, izifundo, ucwaningo. Generalizing ulwazi, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ubudlelwano eqenjini elincane: lehlelekile nalengakahleleki. Esimweni sokuqala, nokubambisana is ngokucacile kulawulwa izenzo zomthetho: kukhona esiphakeme futhi okhonzile.

Esimeni sesibili kuba eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lapha, sibonga izimfanelo siqu, yini umuntu othile uba umholi olungekho emthethweni leqembu. Ubuhlobo obunjalo akunaziqondiso yinoma yini ngaphandle uzwela kwamanye amalungu eqembu encane. ngokuvamile Lesi sikhundla ngempela engazinzile: kungase kube abaholi kulesiya, ukungabi okuphelele ukuncintisana okunjalo phakathi kwezinhlangano, ukubeka phambili ukwenqena ukuthatha indima izinkinga zokuxhumana nokusatshalaliswa izindima nomphakathi.

Ungayithathi kalula indima ubudlelwane ngokwethukela. Ngokuvamile imifelandawonye kuholela izinguquko lesihlelekile abaholi imibuthano.

Kuyini isimo yomuntu ecenjini lelincane?

Umuntu ngamunye emphakathini, futhi iqembu ikakhulukazi isimo esithile. Ukuze kuchazwe ke, kubalulekile ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi: ubani le ndoda? Lapho abantu bezalwa, angabelwa, isibonelo, kuzobhekwa ubuhlanga kanye nobulili. Isimo angayizuza noma kufinyelelwa, isibonelo, udokotela noma isazi sefilosofi.

Nquma isimo ngabanye eqenjini angasebenzisa izindlela sociometric. Ezikhungweni zemfundo, izinhlangano zabasebenzi ngokuvamile cwaningo lapho kubuzwa imibuzo mayelana nobudlelwane siqu kwamanye amalungu eqembu kwenye. Kwenziwe ikakhulukazi ngesimo amakhadi, imibuzo, noma egcwele matrix, lapho isikali iyinkomba yokuthi ezingeni uzwela omunye umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, ucelwa ukuba igama enganeni ababefunda nayo uyawuthanda igunya enkulu ekilasini. Ngesisekelo izimpendulo wathola ngosizo okhiye eziklanyelwe ichaze abaholi ngokwethukela, abaculi kanye nezinye izimo iqhaza.

Kukhethwa izindlela kanye nezindlela izifundo ngokwengqondo izindima social ngendlela thimba longcweti kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthembeka Imiphumela acabangele ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo amaqembu amancane onengxenye inhlolovo.

Umqondo ubuholi eqenjini elincane

Inkinga ubuholi Active phathelana wahlanganyela zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nososayensi e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kungani abanye abantu khulula ukuhola abanye? Iziphi izimfanelo kumele babe nalokho okudingeka uyenze? Ngeshwa, ngakho akekho awuniké usuku, izimpendulo ezinembile zale mibuzo. Umuntu oyedwa angaba umholi ezimweni ezithile futhi eqenjini elithile labantu, ngesikhathi leso sigcawu elahlekile ngokuphelele, ngilenze indima ukucasha. Ngokwesibonelo, umholi weqembu ezemidlalo abakwazi njalo ukuveza ngokwanele ngokwabo e iqembu lezihlakaniphi. Ngakho-ke, umholi - kunalokho umuntu kahle walinganisa amathuba, kuchazwa izinhloso nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ezimweni ezithile.

Kukhona imisebenzi ngokomqondo, nokwagcina wahlola kudingekile umholi izimfanelo siqu. Indlela ethandwa kakhulu iyona "Big Five" R. Hogan, elibonisa izici 5 ebaluleke kakhulu umuntu kokuba yesimangalo nobuholi kuleli qembu.

Iyini indima umholi eqenjini elincane labantu? Kulula ukuphetha ngokuthi umholi - umuntu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle uhola ithimba bafinyelele imigomo yabo, futhi elibi hhayi nje kuphela ingafinyelela wayefisa imiphumela iqembu, kodwa futhi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele kanjalo.

amaqembu amancane Control

Ukuze uhlele, izinhloso kanye imigomo, ngcono, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nempumelelo ngemiphumela yeqembu elincane ukuphatha. Ngingayithola kanjani lokhu? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwamiswa izinhlobo ngamaqembu amancane, in kwengqondo yezenhlalakahle ukuhlukanisa izitayela eziningana ubuholi:

1. Isitayela kobushiqela uwukubonakaliswa umholi bokuphakama phezu kwamanye amalungu eqembu ngubani abaculi kuphela.
2. isitayela Liberal kuhilela imisebenzi lilonke ngamunye ilungu leqembu.
3. isitayela Democratic wukuthi umholi ithumela abahlanganyeli ezenzweni ezithile, wokuxhumanisa ukuxoxa inqubo nge ngamunye owayekhona.

Kufinyeta, kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo ngamaqembu amancane Psychology - umqondo olungalungile, ukushintsha ngaphansi kwethonya izici zangaphandle nemibandela. Kodwa inhloko iqembu kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kufanele anake ukuthuthukiswa kokubili loluhlelekile nalolungakahleleki izinhlangano yangaphakathi. Njengoba iqembu elinjalo nge ilungelo okubhekiswe indlela kungaqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa lonke iqembu, kuholele ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe eyiyo izinkinga.