Grem Ukusineka: Biography nesithombe

Umlobi Grem Ukusineka kubhekwa omunye nosaziwayo kakhulu ezincwadini nasemasikweni amaNgisi kwekhulu lama-20. Enough ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside edala imisebenzi eminingi futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe abaphakanyiselwe uMklomelo KaNobel, kodwa angizange ngisithole ke, yize kwakufanele akekho omunye abawinile kancane abaningi.

Grem Ukusineka: A Biography (ebuntwaneni)

Wazalwa emndenini omkhulu Charles Henry Green, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyinhloko-umqondisi kwesinye sezikole nelungelo kakhulu e-England. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uyakuthanda ukufunda adventure izincwadi. izingxabano Constant ofunda okubangelwa kwemizamo eminingana ukuzibulala. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mfana sasuswa esikoleni ngoba isikole ekhaya, bese ethunyelwe Balliol College, esebenza e-University of Oxford.

Cala kubhala umsebenzi

Ngemva ekolishi Grem Ukusineka waqala ukusebenza njengonjiniyela intatheli umagazini "Nottingham Journal", futhi kamuva - umlobeli ezizimele "The Times." Lapho ngineminyaka engu-22, wathola iguqulwe yamaKatolika, ngaleyo ndlela ezwakalisa nesiteleka ngokumelene Church of England, evelele e-United Kingdom. Nokho, kuleli qophelo kunezinye ukubukwa (ithi, wayengumuntu bethandana ngokujulile nalo mfundi obazali bakhe bavumelana wokuzibophezela emshadweni wabo kuphela uma ushintsho esikhathini esizayo ukholo nomalokazana).

Ngo-1929 ngabona ukushicilelwa inoveli yakhe yokuqala, "I Insider," okuyinto nempumelelo ethile phakathi abafundi. Wenziwe Grema Grina ecabanga ngokubhala umsebenzi.

Ukulandela incwadi yokuqala, kwalandela abanye. Ikakhulukazi, abalobi ethandwa ngiyikhiphile ezifana umphenyi ezimatasa njengoba "Istanbul Express", "Hitman" "umphathiswa" futhi "Ihhovisi ngokwesaba." Le noveli yokugcina yalotshwa phakathi kwempi Ngemva kwalokho usitshela ezamehlela Artura rou Londoner. Ukuze lokhu ifilimu uwela ngephutha, elingafunwa abazingeli izinhloli zamaNazi futhi umuntu osemusha kudingeka uzame kanzima kakhulu ukuze bahlale bephila.

Lezi izincwadi bezijabulisa kakhulu Greene wacabanga, njengoba kuqhathaniswa omunye imisebenzi yakhe ekuseni - noveli "Mina lamiswa England ', lapho umbhali kubonakala inqubo noshintsho emphakathini IsiZulu bedle inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuhamba

Emuva ngo-1930, umlobi abasha, wavakashela Liberia neMexico. Lezi kulolu hambo wenzé kwamthinta kakhulu, okwaphumela izincwadi ezimbili ngokubhala travel "Imigwaqo okungemthetho" 'Journey ngaphandle amabalazwe. " Ngo-1940 yanyatheliswa futhi inoveli engcono, okuyinto, ngokusho baxgeki, wabhala Grem Grin. "Amandla kanye Inkazimulo" iye yabangela umbhikisho abukhali LamaKatolika, kodwa eqinisweni ukhuluma ngani enkonzweni yobuKristu owehla umpristi othunyiwe ukuba libhekele isakramente ukufa, ngisho noma azi ukuthi ulinde le shot.

Umsebenzi intelligence

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, Graham Greene iyona Queen njengengxenye Intelligence Service endaweni ePortugal Sierra Leone. Ngesikhathi esifanayo it is ngokusemthethweni ohlwini kummeleli British Office Foreign. Umsebenzi intelligence wamsiza eziningi ekulotshweni amanoveli ezimatasa ukuthi yayithandwa phakathi abafundi.

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, Grem Ukusineka wathunyelwa Indochina njengoba umlobeli othile ngoba umagazini "okusha Republic". Ngokungangabazeki, lokho akubona lapho, ikakhulukazi izenzakalo zeminyaka 1955-1956, wakha sisekelo noveli "The epholile American."

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo, umlobi wavakashela "asobala" eziningana emhlabeni wonke futhi wahlangana osopolitiki enethonya elikhulu isikhathi, kuhlanganise ezinye bomashiqela.

ukubukwa zezombusazwe

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phakathi nokuphila kwakhe Grem Ukusineka ishintshile ngokuphindaphindiwe izintandokazi setepolitiki, wahlala ngekutsi ngazo zonke izinhlobo ababusi ubudlova, kuhlanganise wamakoloni, abahloli, imibuso undlovukayiphikiswa, ubuhlanga kanye ezibangelwa ukungabekezelelani ngokwenkolo njalo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemuva umbhali yalwela abasolwa ecaleni kaDaniyeli Sinyavsky, iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12 alishicilelwanga eSoviet Union.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wachitha e Green Switzerland, lapho afela khona ngo-1991, 3 April.

Grem Ukusineka: Ama-movie

Abaningi imisebenzi komlobi ziye wathwebula. Phakathi kwabo kukhona kuqala emlandweni emhlabeni cinema ifilimu mayelana umbulali - "Lokhu Gun ngoba Ukuqasha" nge-Alan Ladd kanye Veronikoy Leyk, esiqintini okuyinto waya kule noveli "Hitman" (1942).

Enye ezibalulekile Umdwebo waba umphenyi, "The Third Man", eyakhululwa ngo-1949 futhi badutshulwa ku umkhiqizo Grema Grina. Wayengumngane owawina lo Cannes Film Festival, futhi wawina BAFTA Award, futhi "Oscar".

Umdwebo "Umuntu Okwesithathu" ngokuphindiwe sekuthiwe omunye the best emlandweni cinema emhlabeni futhi amabhayisikobho engcono British sonke isikhathi.

Naphezu impela ukubukeka Hollywood, eyayintula eseyinsizwa Grem Ukusineka, umlingisi ngakho akubanga. Kodwa, umlobi wayesalokhu oqokiwe for the "Oscar" ngo-1950 i-lifilimu we ifilimu "I Fallen Idol". Nokho, umklomelo akazange athole, kodwa nje kokuba isithombe wayebhekwa njengoba best British ifilimu version BAFTA. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1954, Grem Ukusineka uye babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka indima umkhiqizi isithombe, "isandla komfokazi."

mayelana lokusungula

Phakathi ethandwa kakhulu imisebenzi komlobi amanoveli zihlanganisa "yethu Man eHavana", "abantu isici", "Honorary inxusa" futhi "Imvelo". Grem Ukusineka likhombise umbono zomusa lobuKristu, elalilisha akafi ngisho abantu nezoni ephelele. Ngakho, enovelini "Inhliziyo Matter" imayelana i yamaphoyisa ethembekile wamakoloni ozama ungabacasuli ubani, futhi unkosikazi noma senkosikazi, noma labo kuwo idwetshwa, futhi njalo baphoqeleka ukuba aqambe amanga ngazo, futhi 'inxusa zokuhlonipha "Doctor, bakhi nozwela, Yena uyabazwela kubo zithunjwa futhi wabulala ngomzamo ukutakula ohlakaniphile.

Imibuzo ye izindinganiso zobuKristu - akusiyo into kuphela lokho kubonisa emsebenzini wakhe Grem Grin. "MythBusters" (indaba) ingumkhiqizo owehluke. It kudalulwe lo mkhuba ingane unya, okuyinto kuyamethusa ikakhulukazi causeless wakhe nenjongo nethemba.

"Okosomahlaya"

Lokhu yomlobi ubhekwa imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke, akufanelekela ukukhuluma ngakho ngokuningiliziwe. Isimo eyinhloko "Okosomahlaya" inoveli (Grem Ukusineka) - lo eliyisiqhingi laseHaiti phakathi nokubusa Fransua Dyuvale. Kulotshiwe ngesisekelo Umlando lalobhalako, esho ngokuphindaphindiwe evakashela leli zwe, kuhlanganise neminyaka isingaphansi kobushiqela. Esikhathini inoveli Grem Ukusineka wabonisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuphila ezweni lapho yokweqa umthetho futhi ukwesaba. abaphukile ngisho nezinhloso ezinhle izinhlamvu ugange ayakhiwe ngu Duvalier nasezincekwini zakhe, futhi siba sibi kakhulu ukugcwaliseka wokungabi nathemba futhi ukungabi nangqondo emzabalazweni lapho beza.

By the way, encwadini ayibhalele Green NJENGOBA Frere, lowo lanikezela inoveli ukuphendula baxgeki ngubani bammangalele ka intavyu ngokweqile kwenzekani eHaiti, kanje: "Kulobu busuku kuye amnyama akunakwenzeka ukungcolisa."

Ngesisekelo incwadi ngo-1967 isuswe ifilimu efanayo, lapho izindima eziyinhloko eyadlalwa Richard Burton futhi Elizabeth Taylor.

udumisa

Njengoba sekushiwo, maphakathi nawo-60s Grem Ukusineka waqokelwa uMklomelo KaNobel Emkhakheni Wezincwadi, kodwa izifundiswa Swedish Wenqabile umklomelo ke kuye ngoba ungavumelani nemibono yakhe yezombusazwe.

Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi umlobi kwakungomunye kakade umnikazi we imiklomelo eminingi tetemibhalo, kuhlanganise Hawthornden Prize, uJakobe Tait Blake, Shakespeare. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena yanikezelwa Order of the "Knights Ukuhlonishwa" British kanye "Merit". ezibalulekile ikakhulukazi kakhulu Grema Grina kwaba Prize eJerusalema, unikelwa abalobi, bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe isihloko inkululeko yomuntu emphakathini.

umkhosi

Njalo ngonyaka ngo ngesonto lokuqala Okthoba, e-umuzana okuhlala kuwo umbhali ngenhloso iqhaza izingqungquthela yesayensi elalinikezelwe imisebenzi Grema Grina, edonsela ababhali, abahlaziyi kanye nezintatheli. Imicimbi aphethwe kohlaka umkhosi, ihlelwe yisikhwama egameni lakhe.

Manje ngoba azi ukuthi imisebenzi alotshwa abadumile IsiZulu umbhali Grema Grina, futhi lapho ama-movie okudalwe ku zabo ngesisekelo. Ohlukile ithalente lakhe itholakala lokuthi lokuthi wayekwazi ukudala imisebenzi ngokulinganayo ezithakazelisayo nokuqukethwe ukuzijabulisa, nefilosofi ngokujulile, asenza sicabange ngayo mayelana esikhundleni indoda emphakathini.