Ilia Chavchavadze: amaqiniso athakazelisayo oluchaza

Chavchavadze Ilya Grigorevich - umbhali Georgian, imbongi, isikhulu, iqhawe yobukhosi uzimele geqe. Ngo-1987 yena waba abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Kulokhu, wawubizwa ngokuthi yi-Holy Ilia le Zilungile. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 lalibhekwa edume kunazo Chavchavadze Georgian sibalo kazwelonke. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ukwethula biography yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane. Masiqale.

Ilia Chavchavadze: ezombusazwe

I hero lesi sihloko yathola imfundo zomthetho ngesikhathi Petersburg University. Kodwa ngenxa "umfundi yomlando" ngo-1861 lapho kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe esikoleni ensizweni.

Ekuqaleni 1864 Ilia Chavchavadze waqokwa umsizi Governor-Jikelele, futhi waqhubeka elizimisele sifundazwe Kutaisi. Isikhulu kwaba ukunquma isimo sengqondo abalimi kanye kulendawo.

Ngakusasa iminyaka emine Chavchavadze wakhuluma ukuthula umlamuleli esifundazweni Tiflis. Ubuye wasebenza njengeNhloko yijaji kule County kuze 1874. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Eliya kwaholela ekusakazekeni kokukwazi phakathi umphakathi labantu Georgia. Ngo-1906, imbongi wakhethwa ilungu uMkhandlu Wombuso yezikhulu. Phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yokuba zezombusazwe belwela ukuzimela Georgia. Kule ndaba ngokumelene isikhulu usebenze njengomahluleli amalungu RSDLP, futhi iziphathimandla Empire Russian.

ukubulala

Ekupheleni kuka-August 1907, Ilia Chavchavadze, omsebenzi wakhe uzobe kuchazwe ngezansi, ibihamba nomkakhe Olga. Izithandani ugibele i ukuthutha evulekile kusuka Tbilisi ukuze Saguramo. Eduze stop yabo band Tsitsamuri Gigla Berbichashvili (Imeretia, Ivan Inashvili, Pavle Aptsiauri, George Khizanishvili). Ilungu ngalinye igenge kwadingeka izikhali. Chavchavadze waphendukela gang: ". Ningamdubuli, Ngingumfana Ilya" Gigla waphendula: "Yingakho siphoqeleka ukuvula umlilo." Ngemva kwalokho, kwakunomsebenzi umsindo ingacaci.

Vakhtang Giruli encwadini yakhe ekhonjiwe ngokubona omunye odokotela kunabo bonke ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi Iashvili. Okokugcina, nakuba uJesu ayengumuntu hhayi sezifo kanye nososayensi izinsalela, kodwa wagxeka idatha esemthethweni ukuvulwa isenzo. Ngokusho Iashvili esingu waba alikho front futhi bakhulise. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana umlilo wavula ekucathameni yesibili, okuyinto abaphefumulelwe babengayazi gang Berbichashvili.

umusho

Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Chavchavadze ukubulala ingakasombululeki ngokuphelele. lalitshela Berbichashvili walungisiswa isimo esibi izikhali zabo, futhi wathi enkantolo ukuthi "yahamba ngokwalo." Baye kunqatshelwe khona ikhasimende. Umfelokazi imbongi ucele inkantolo ofuna ukusindisa ipilwakhe phangi, futhi ngaleyo ndlela bedumisa inkumbulo yomyeni wakhe. Kodwa, ngesinqumo "ikundla Stolypin sika", the gang (ngaphandle ekuphunyukeni Imeretia) wabulawa.

izinguqulo

Okwamanje, abanye abalobi abangalwazi ulimi Georgian nomlando, ngokuvumelana Prince ababulali kwamaBolshevik (Russian). Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana UProfesa Anna Geifman, Ilia Chavchavadze ephethwe isizwe bahola umzabalazo wokulwa Socialist-Democrats. I last wahola kwamaBolshevik filipp Makharadze. Wayengekhona ujabulile ukugxekwa uhlelo ingxenye kokwesikhulu. Lokhu libukelwa phansi kakhulu isikhundla sezombangazwe amaBolshevik. Geifman Chavchavadze kubhekwe imbangela eyinhloko lokubulala ukuthandwa yakhe eningi njengomuntu futhi engumlobi. Konke lokhu Anna wazala futhi umsebenzi zezombusazwe zalo Ilya G. ucabangela ukuthi yamuka abalimi esuka nezimboni ezinkulu.

Empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso. Uma lo profesa akazi umlando Georgia, bengingeke babenziwa ufinyelele eziphethweni eziyiphutha. Okokuqala, isizwe ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi abasekeli hhayi Chavchavadze futhi umphikisi wakhe Nikoladze. Okwesibili, Democrats Socialist wangaba ngenkathi Mensheviks futhi amaBolshevik. Okwesithathu, iqembu Ilya G. kwaba eziseceleni nemibhalo akazange ukunqoba ukhetho.

Kwakunezinye futhi izinguqulo. Ngokwesibonelo, Social Democrats kubhekwe umhleli lokubulala amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi. Imbangela imbongi wenza isikhundla emelene nohulumeni futhi emzabalazweni yayo ukuze ukuqedwa isigwebo sokufa.

ekudalweni

1857 - unyaka lokho lapho eqala ukushicilela imisebenzi yakhe Ilia Chavchavadze. izinkondlo imbongi sika avele izincwadi ezihlukahlukene: iphephandaba "Droeba" umagazini "Tsiskari" eyasungulwa kuye "Sakartvelos Moambe", njll Kodwa le nkondlo edume kunazo Prince:. "Umama neNdodana", "Cabin Fever," "Dmitry Samopozhertvovatel", "uMoya", "Leso senzakalo nokuphila kubaphangi?" Futhi Chavchavadze wabhala amanoveli ezifana "I Gallows", "uKhisimusi", "indaba ongaziwa", "Izincwadi isihambi", "Indaba isinxibi", "Katsia-Adamiani" nabanye.

Phakathi nokuphila Ilya G. zihunyushelwe Russian eziningana izinkondlo zakhe. Ngokuqondene lenkondlo ukuze zabafundi abakhuluma isiRashiya ababekwazi ukufunda kuphela "Cabin Fever". By endleleni, wonke izinkondlo esikhathini sakhe Chavchavadze, lahunyushelwa isiRashiya, zathathwa endaweni yokuqoqela eseceleni. Izingcaphuno kuwo zashicilelwa "Bulletin Europe", "Pictorial Buyekeza", njll

Translations

Ilya Chavchavadze lihunyushelwe olimini ongowokuzalwa Goethe, Schiller, Heine, Turgenev, Lermontov futhi Pushkin. Wabuye wakwenza lokhu ngokubambisana nezinye abalobi. Isibonelo, nge-Ivan Machabeli zihunyushelwe Georgian "Inkosi Lear."

wasemuva Yomphakathi

Ilia Chavchavadze khona internationalist. Iminyaka eminingi wayenesifo bavikela ukubandlululwa sabantu Armenia laseGeorgia. Ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwadingeka ukuba izingozi ngenxa izimpilo zabo. Kodwa imbongi wabona Georgians united isizwe yesigaba sabasebenzi, nezikhulu - the vanguard wamavukelambuso. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Chavchavadze Tbilisi eliholwa ebhange kwezwe, abethe naye ungowasendaweni sabasebenzi ngokwabo, ukucula lokusungula yabo. Futhi, u-Ilya G. balwa Armenia, isi-Ossetia, isiRashiya, isi-Turkish, njll onxiwankulu. Ngo-1902 wakhipha umqulu sihloko yakhe 'Amatshe okusobala nososayensi Armenia "kule nguqulo Russian. Wenzile komsindo. Ngokuqondene nalokhu anti-iqhawe kwalesi sihloko usebenze njengomahluleli hhayi kuphela onxiwankulu Armenia, kodwa futhi kwesokunxele iphiko Social Democrats.

Stalin mayelana imbongi

Eminyakeni 1895-1896 Ilia Chavchavadze, ogama biography uvezwa ngenhla, wahola magazini "Iveria". Elapho eshicilelwe izinkondlo eziyisikhombisa imbongi Soso. Stalin uYoung wabhala ngaphansi kwalesi mbumbulu lapho sabefundisi. umsebenzi Chavchavadze sika liye laba nethonya elikhulu ekhanda ikusasa eSoviet Union. Stalin, ngimathintanyawo, eziningi bakholwa abantu bakhe babe munye isizwe yesigaba sabasebenzi. mqondo lakhe ngokuqinisa engaphelele yomzabalazo wezigaba njengoba obhekwe yamadlela-ndawonye kwasakazekela kubantu bonke kodwa Georgians. Lapho exoxa ne-umqondisi wamabhayisikobho Michael Chaureliya, uStalin ngokuthi Chavchavadze omunye wabalobi esiphawuleka kunazo zonke kufika ithuba lika-nesishiyagalolunye eminyaka lwamashumi amabili.

inkumbulo

• Ngo-USSR, igama iqhawe kwalesi sihloko eyenziwa Batumi State Drama Theatre.
• G. Image Ilia ibekwe gel 20 (Georgia bill).
• Ngo-1958, ihhovisi leposi yakhipha isitembu enikelwe Chavchavadze.
• igama Imbongi wanikwa University of Culture nezilimi Western Europe.
• Memorial Museum isikhulumi wavula edolobhaneni Kvareli (1937), ifa Ilya G. ngokuthi Saguramo (1951) kanye Tbilisi (1957).