Georgia: Le ndawo insimu ngaphandle Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia

Omunye emazweni South eCaucasus kuyinto Georgia. Le ndawo insimu ka ukuthi State sendaba hhayi kanye ukushintshwa. Futhi manje kuleli zwe elilawulwa anisoze lonke izwe amangalelwe ngohlelo. izifunda Noma kunjalo, kuzinkomba eziningi idatha empeleni engalawuliwe kuvele njengamadiski Georgia. Area indawo ngaphandle Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia namanje okungaguquguquki nge isimo sangempela. Sazise ukuthi endaweni yezwe ngaphandle kula ma-republic nendlela kwakhiwa endaweni yayo.

Umlando wendawo Georgia

Omunye uthi endala Transcaucasia kuyinto Georgia. Le ndawo kulo lonke leli zwe iye savela phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, futhi ngisho zeminyaka.

Lithi kuqala Georgia uvele endulo. Kwaba Colchis (ukumboza coast Black Sea) kanye Iberia (esikhungweni). Muva nje, isimo kwamiswa BC III ekhulwini Laliqhele maphakathi yezwe futhi kwaba-nucleus kuyiphi Georgia kwakhiwa esikhathini esizayo.

Le ndawo lokhu isimo kwaba cishe ingxenye indawo Georgian. Ngo imithombo kamuva Iberia siqala ukubizwa ngokuthi umbuso Kartli. Ngo I. BC amakhosi Iberia Colchis ukuqaphela athembele eRoma. Engxenyeni yokuqala ka-IV ekhulwini BC e Kartli (Iberia), ubuKristu iba inkolo isimo.

Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela, ensimini ka Georgia ukuthi ngempumelelo wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha ithonya waseByzantium (Colchis) nasePheresiya (Iberia). Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho lezi zindawo baphelelwa ukuzimela futhi babe ingxenye uthi eshiwo ngenhla. Phakathi VII ekhulwini Arabhu anqobe namaPheresiya bese kuba iningi Georgia. Ngokuphelele ukuqeda Arabhu Georgians ephethwe kuphela X leminyaka.

Kodwa ngemva ukukhululwa Arabhu Georgia kwaba eningi uthi ezimele. Hlanganisa nabo zibe munye amandla kwaba ababusi nonekhono Bagratuni Dynasty, okuyinto wayedabuka imithetho embusweni Tao Klarjeti. AmaKhosi lokhu lwamakhosi wakwazi ukuba axoshe Arabhu kusuka Tbilisi futhi ngenze lo muzi njengoba inhloko-dolobha yabo. Ngemva kwalokho, bahlanganiswe ndawonye yonke insimu banamuhla Georgia, ngisho ivume phansi, hhayi isimo yesimanje Georgian.

Nombuso omkhulu Georgia aluthola ngesikhathi seNkosi uDavide Builder neNdlovukazi uTamara (XII-XIII ekhulwini), phakathi nokubusa selikhonza wavuma ngisho amakhosi eMbusweni Trebizond. Kwakuwusuku yokuchuma wezombangazwe namasiko ukhona yini umuntu ongakaze Georgia. Endaweni nezindawo zalo besekamambi ngalé kwemingcele imingcele lanamuhla.

Kodwa lutho ihlala kuze kube phakade. Ngemva Golden Age waqala Ukufa ukuxabana phakathi amalungu endlu yokubusa. Georgian kwemandla embuso ikunikinele amaMongol ahlasele e-yalolucwaningo 20 kwekhulu XIII. Ekugcineni, amakhosi Georgian neyaziwayo ngaphansi kwesizwe yamaMongol futhi wavumelana ngincome. Ekugcineni kwakulimaze united state Georgian uchungechunge ukunqoba kuka Central umbusi Asian Tamerlane. Lezi uhambo kwaholela ukukhathala ephelele emnothweni Georgian kanye nokwahlukana yayo ku eziningana uthi Okusizayo ezimele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iningi lalezi principalities kwakufanele baqaphele ukuthi ngaphansi kwesizwe yoMbuso WaseTurkey noma umPheresiya umbuso Safavid. Ensimini ka Georgia labetibambile zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi lezi monarchies ezimbili ezinkulu. Ekugcineni, lesi sivumelwano sokuthula sasayinwa phakathi kwekhulu XVI, le ubukhulu ka Kakheti futhi Kartli esifundeni zanikwa ePheresiya nase Imereti - Ottoman.

Ekhulwini XVII eCaucasus babona isimo esisha esinamandla - Russian Empire. Uchungechunge lwemfundo lezimpi yoMbuso WaseTurkey nasePheresiya yakha ukulawula okuningi of eCaucasus. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Kartli futhi Kakheti ubukhulu united kwisimo esisodwa. Umbusi wezizwe, ukuze united kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti uHeraclius II uthola 1783 izakhamuzi Russian. Futhi 1801, ngemva kokufa eGeorgia elandelayo yakwa Kartli-Kakheti isimo engxenyeni yokugcina Empire Russian.

Manje, njengoba ingxenye yoMbuso, ezindaweni yesimanje Georgian beniyingxenye Tiflis futhi Kutaisi izifundazwe, cishe zivumelana insimu ka Kartli-Kakheti futhi Imereti imibuso, kanye endaweni Batumi.

Kumiswa isimo Georgian emikhawulweni yesimanje

endaweni Georgia, cishe coinciding ngemingcele yalo inhlangothi zamanje, waqala zimiswe ngemva kokuwa kwamakhosi eMbusweni Russian ngo-1917. Kakade ngo-November 1917 e Tiflis (Tbilisi yesimanje) kwaba eqoqwe Transcaucasian Commissariat, okuyinto umfelandawonye ezifundazweni Transcaucasia Uhulumeni (Georgia, Armenia ne-Azerbaijan).

Ngo-April 1918, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic yasungulwa ngesisekelo yalo. Kodwa ngo-May, ingcindezi evela kuhulumeni Turkish sehlukaniswe republic ezizimele ezintathu, esinye sazo kwaba Democratic Republic of Georgia. Le ndawo insimu ka the State ihlanganisa hhayi kuphela Georgia yesimanje kanye Abkhazia naseNingizimu-Ossetia, kanye izingxenye Armenia ne-Turkey. Kuyinto kusukela lo mbuso yiwo wekuba sive laseGeorgia yesimanje.

Nokho, wahlala isikhathi esifushane. Kakade ngo-1921, amabutho kwamaBolshevik matasa Georgia. Kube yasungulwa le Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic ne-dolobha e Tbilisi. Ngawo lowo nyaka Adjara SSR elabizwa ngokuthi isihloko GSPC. Kususelwa isiphelo sesimiso Union Treaty, le Isi-Abkhazian SSR siyingxenye ye Georgia, futhi kamuva ngonyaka kumiswa elinye Authority - South Ossetic Autonomous Region. Futhi ngo-1922 lesi Georgian SSR, Armenia SSR futhi Azerbaijan SSR akha umfelandawonye - TSFSR. Ekupheleni kuka-1922, ingxenye yokugcina ye-USSR. Nokho, ngo-1936 TSFSR yahlakazeka nazo zonke republic ezintathu ukuthi ubuyingxenye yaleli inhlangano, kuhlanganise Georgia, yizakhamuzi ngqo be-USSR.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, Georgia ingenye republic lokuqala salibangisa secession base-USSR. Lokhu kwashiwo ngu Supreme Council ye-republic ngo-1989, lapho amabutho aseSoviet waphula rally, wafuna izinto ngenkani secession eGeorgia ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Ngo-April 1991, Georgia limenyezelwe ngokwahlukana wako ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.

Kodwa insimu ezizimele we Georgian SSR - Abkhaz ASSR ne-South Ossetic Autonomous District, ayefisa bahlale USSR. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza ukungqubuzana phakathi Georgia ne amabutho kula ma-republic. Impi angase wayeka kuphela ngo-1993, ngokusebenzisa kwaloba Russia nase ukuthunyelwa yokugcinwa akuxhomekile. Eqinisweni, South Ossetia futhi Abkhazia baba uthi ezimele, nakuba ngokomthetho leli qiniso engakaze obonwa yiliphi izwe emhlabeni. Georgia baqhubeka ukufunda idatha insimu yalo.

Isigaba yesimanje

Ngo-2008, ukushayisana entsha ahlomile Kwagqashuka phakathi Georgia ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi Abkhazia naseNingizimu-Ossetia, futhi Russia - ngakolunye. Ngokusho imiphumela ingxabano, Georgia ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukulawula South Ossetia futhi Abkhazia, okuyinto isimo esemthethweni obonwa Russia.

Kulesi kumiswa indawo yakwa-Georgia ifomu ezifana ke ukhona manje, usuphethiwe. Yingakho namuhla kunakwe lapho kubalwa endaweni Georgia ngaphandle Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia.

Le ndawo insimu ka Georgia

Manje sekuyisikhathi kodwa ukwazi ukuthi endaweni Georgia e square metres. km ngaphandle Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia. Ngakho, ukuthola impendulo yalo mbuzo.

Le ndawo ingqikithi Georgia nazo zonke izindawo okungekhona lithi yilona 69,7 thous. Km ^2. Ngokusho lokhu inkomba ezweni osesikhundleni 119th emhlabeni. Kodwa thina zinesithakazelo ngokuyinhloko endaweni Georgia e square metres. km. ngaphandle South Ossetia futhi Abkhazia.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi insimu ka Abkhazia kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 8.6 km ^2, futhi insimu yaseNingizimu Ossetia - .. ayizinkulungwane 3.9 km ^2, kulula ukubala endaweni yabo Imininingwane - ayizinkulungwane 12.5 km ^{2 ..} Ngakho, endaweni Georgia ngaphandle idatha ezifundeni ayizinkulungwane 57,2. ^Km2. Le yindawo 122 th phakathi kwazo zonke izizwe zomhlaba.

labantu

Sithole Georgia sise indawo yabo bonke ubukhulu. Le ndawo insimu futhi nabantu bakuleli zwe - kungcono imingcele ezihlobene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze abe ophelele, sifunda izakhamuzi eziningi kuleli zwe Transcaucasian.

Okwamanje eyayihlala State ngo ayizinkulungwane 3729,5. Izakhamuzi. Eyikhulu nendawo wamashumi amathathu kule inkomba ithatha phakathi kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni, Georgia. Area kanye labantu lithi Transcaucasian banikwa ngaphandle kokubheka Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia.

inhlanganiso sabantu

Ukwazi lezi yizinkomba labantu kanye ndawo, kulula ukubala, futhi kwabantu labantu Georgia. Okwamanje kuba abantu abangu-68. 1 sq. km.

Ukuze uqhathanise, kwabantu labantu emazweni angomakhelwane Azerbaijan Armenia kukhona, ngokulandelana, 111 kanye 101,5 abantu / sq. M. km. Ngakho, izinga eGeorgia angaphansi lamazwe angomakhelwane.

Ukwakheka labantu

Manje ake sibheke ukwakheka zobuzwe nezenkolo sabantu abahlala ensimini ka Georgia, okungukuthi, abantu bangazihluphi indawo yezwe.

Ingabe Georgians yobuhlanga. Bakha 83,4% abantu sebebonke laseGeorgia ngaphandle Abkhazia naseNingizimu Ossetia. Lokhu ephawula ke njengoba izwe nge predominance abalulekile elilodwa ubuzwe. Indawo yesibili inani Azerbaijanis ehlasela - 6.7%, kulandele i-Armenian - 5.7%. Kodwa Russian isivele okusalele emuva kwenani kwamaqembu ezinhlanga abalwe ngenhla. Isabelo sabo% 1.9 kuphela. Ama-Ossetic omdabu ezweni mayelana 1%.

Zonke namanye amaqembu abantu bendabuko abahlala Georgia, ngaphansi kuka-1% abantu sebebonke. Lezi zihlanganisa Yezidis (Kurds), Ukraine, amaGreki, Chechens, Avars, Kistinians, Abkhaz, abase-Asiriya kwathi ezinye izizwe.

Iningi Georgians lingamaKristu Orthodox - 83,4%. Abaningana futhi amaSulumane, ikakhulukazi Adjara - 10.7%. Phakathi kwezinye izinkolo kufanele izonikezwa besonto Armenia Apostolic, amaKatolika, amaProthestani, Yezidis, oFakazi BakaJehova, amaJuda.

division zokuphatha

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini amayunithi indawo ihlukaniswe Georgia yesimanje. Lesi simo empeleni siqukethe 9 emaphethelweni (mhare), yq ezizimele (Adjara) kanye komunye umuzi obalulekile esizweni (Tbilisi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokomthetho ingxenye Georgia ngokuhambisana nomthetho walo, AP kuhlanganisa Abkhazia, kodwa eqinisweni insimu ka Georgia akulawuli.

Uhlu emaphethelweni ayisishiyagalolunye kanje: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Racha-Lechkhumi futhi Lower Svaneti, Imereti, Guria, Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti, Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi wezokuphatha lesezingeni lelisetulu (imiphetho kanye republic ezizimele), zihlukaniswe amayunithi nezokuphatha aphansi oda (komasipala kanye nemizi republic (lesifunda) Inani). Okwamanje, umthetho eGeorgia kuvikelwe khona komasipala 67 futhi Lokho kwakuyifa labantwana bakwaBenjamini ebaluleke lesifunda. Kodwa eqinisweni ngaphansi kokulawula Georgia kuyinto komasipala 59 kuphela futhi 11 nemizana onganakiwe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlangano zokuphatha, okuyinto manje obizwa ngokuthi komasipala, ababizwa, njengoba eSoviet Union, izindawo kuze 2006.

Le ndawo ezifundeni ngazinye Georgia

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yini ndawo inabantu izihambi izindawo, okuyizinto ingxenye imfundo yomphakathi njengoba Georgia. Le ndawo Autonomous Republic of Adjara, nenhloko-dolobha yalo e Batumi, esemgwaqweni ngokwedlulele oseningizimu-ntshonalanga Georgia, kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 2.9. Km ^2.

Emaphethelweni Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga Georgia, umngcele Abkhazia ensimini ka 7.4 ayizinkulungwane. Km ^2. Umuzi omkhulu esifundeni Zugdidi.

Isikhungo zokuphatha lingumuzi emaphethelweni Guria Ozurgeti. Le yunithi indawo ine indawo 2.0 ayizinkulungwane. Km ² futhi itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe.

Emaphethelweni Racha-Lechkhumi futhi Lower Svaneti Itholakala enyakatho yezwe ensimini ka 4.6 ayizinkulungwane. Km ^2. Idolobha elikhulu kukhona emzini Ambrolauri.

Edge, ogama lakhe oluhambisana igama umbuso Imereti lasendulo, ine indawo 6.6 ayizinkulungwane. Km ² futhi itholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Georgia nge shift kuya entshonalanga. Isikhungo zokuphatha yesifunda, emzini Kutaisi.

Isifunda nge eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuthi Samtskhe-Javakheti ine indawo elilingana 6.4 thous. Km ^2. Esisogwini emaphethelweni eningizimu yezwe. Idolobhana eyinhloko Akhaltsikhe lapha.

Edge Shida Kartli ine indawo ayizinkulungwane 4.8. ^Km2. Idolobha elikhulu esifundeni - Gori. Kuyinto isifunda enyakatho emaphakathi Georgia komngcele waseNingizimu Ossetia. Ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-Georgia, cishe uhhafu wendawo esifundeni nje eningizimu ezweni Ossetic, futhi iningi South Ossetia siyingxenye ye kuba emaphethelweni Shida Kartli. Kodwa ekubalweni endaweni yalesi sifunda, thina wakucabangela kuphela insimu, okuyinto empeleni kulawulwa iziphathimandla Georgian.

Isifunda enegama esankondlo Mtskheta-Mtianeti insimu usayizi 6.8 ayizinkulungwane. Km ^2, etholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga Georgia, kodwa leyo elawula 5.8 thous. Km ^2, njengoba lonke ensimini yaseNingizimu Ossetia. Idolobhana eyinhloko esifundeni - Mtskheta.

Edge Kvemo Kartli itholakala eningizimu-empumalanga Georgia. It has an endaweni elilingana ayizinkulungwane 6.5. ^Km2. Isikhungo zokuphatha - Rustavi.

Kakheti Region itholakala engxenyeni kakhulu esisempumalanga yezwe. Anakho usayizi elilingana 11,3 thous. Km ^2. Isikhungo zokuphatha lingumuzi Telavi lapha.

City obalulekile esizweni Tbilisi Ubuye indawo yayo. Yena, yebo, lilincane kakhulu endaweni imiphetho futhi 720 kuphela km ^2. Inombolo ephelele enihlala inhloko-dolobha yaseGeorgia kuyinto 1.1 million. Abantu. Umuzi itholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye isimo nge-offset uya eningizimu-mpumalanga.

Ngakho, njengoba kubonakala ku endaweni ezinkulu izifunda emaphethelweni Georgia Kahetija (11.3 ayizinkulungwane. Km ²⁾ kanye engenhla onqenqemeni Samegrelo Svanetiya (7.4 th. ² km). Emincane kakhulu insimu ezifundeni Georgia, ngaphandle kokubheka emzini amagugu Tbilisi State, Guria Region (2.0 thous. Km ²⁾ kanye Adjara Autonomous Republic (2.9 thous. Km ^2).

Isiphetho jikelele

Siyazi ukuthi endaweni Georgia e ayizinkulungwane. Km2. Ekunqumeni le nkomba kudingeka yazini into eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu. Kunezindawo ukuthi ahlelwe njengoba uhulumeni Tbilisi ukuba Georgian, kodwa lokho empeleni ukulawula Georgia. Le ndawo yezwe, ngokulandelana, imithombo Georgian siphezulu kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa sinjani ngempela isimo.

Ngakho, siye sathola ukuthi okwamanje endaweni yezwe, ngaphandle kokubheka empeleni ongalawuleki South Ossetia futhi Abkhazia, kuyinto 57,2 inkulungwane. Km ^2.