Geography: izwi. Umhlaba isayensi nomlando wayo

Geography - omunye isayensi ezithakazelisayo kunazo futhi ekhangayo. Phela, sihlobene ngokuqondile namaphuzu ukuhamba kanye adventure. Kodwa yini iphuzu uzalela elithi "geography"? Okwakushiwo ithakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi sizozama ukukuchazela lesi sihloko.

Isayensi yomhlaba

Omunye omdala wesayensi emhlabeni kuyinto geography. Okusho sizobheka kancane kamuva, futhi manje sibheke umlando lesi siyalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izisekelo geography yesimanje Kwamiswa ezinsukwini ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo. Abakutholile kuvame futhi nokumisa yasendulo usosayensi ngesiGreki uPtolemy e ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD. Kungenxa geography Greece uye savela ngokukhulu ukushesha. Parallel ekutadisheni umhlaba futhi unesithakazelo eGibhithe lasendulo. Kakade Eyinkulungwane 3rd BC lapha kwenziwa le mikhankaso lokuqala zasolwandle emanzini oLwandle Olubomvu iMedithera. izakhi ngamunye zezincazelo ezindawo kungatholakala ezincwadini zasendulo of India - "Vedas" noma "Mahabharata".

Geography ithuthukiswe Ekhulwini leminyaka elizayo? Inani lale isayensi ikakhulukazi anda ekhulwini XVI, okubizwa ngokuthi Age of Discovery. UColumbus Magellan, Dzheyms Awe-Kuk futhi Amérigo Vespucci kwalethwa esuka uhambo lomkhumbi yabo eningi ulwazi olusha futhi amaqiniso ngeplanethi yethu, okuyinto edingekayo cwaningo enemininingwane futhi nokumisa. Geography injalo yesimanje zezemfundo sabekwa engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX, Aleksandrom Gumboldtom futhi Karlom Ritterom. Kuze kube manje, isintu inqobile inyanga, zithi cababa on Mars sihlelelwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Nokho, izwe namanje eziningi izindawo nhlobo - "amabala amhlophe" okungekho noyedwa okuye kwenzeka ngaphambili. Ngakho-ke zokuma kwendawo ngekhulu xxi kuyoba yini ukwenza kule planethi.

Geography: inshokutsi yemagama, umsuka wenkulumo ethi

Lapho kwakukhona igama elithi "geography"? Ubani owasungula futhi usevikele lokhu isayensi? Masizame chaza inshokutsi yetinhlobo igama elithi "geography". Leli gama njengabesifazane lisuselwa emagameni amabili lesiGreki: "geo" (umhlaba) kanye "Ukubala" (bhala, chaza). Okungukuthi, kungashiwo lihunyushelwe olimini Russian kanje: "zemleopisanie".

Igama elithi "geography" yasungulwa futhi salethwa kulezi isayensi sefilosofi ngaphezulu lasendulo ngesiGreki kanye nososayensi Eratosthenes. Kwenzeka cishe ku BC III ekhulwini. Nini, kanjani igama elithi "geography" isetshenziswa namuhla? Okusho kulezi zinsuku lingabukwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Ingasetshenziselwa:

1. Njengoba isayensi, esihlanganisa izihloko eziningi ezincane. Atadisha Umhlaba, ikakhulukazi ubunjalo, indawo phezu bakhona, amaminerali kanye nokunye. N.
2. Njengoba indawo ukusatshalaliswa endaweni yanoma yimuphi mkhuba noma inqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezingeni uwoyela noma Imininingwane ekukwati kufundza nekubhala abantu.

Lokho uhlola isayensi lwesifundo?

Ngokwe-jikelele definition, geography - isayensi etadisha okuthiwa imvilophi ezindawo Zomhlaba. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, kuhlanganisa ezine: lithosphere, umkhathi hydro- futhi linganisa. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ngezinye izikhathi banezela technosphere, okungukuthi, konke owadalwa esandleni somuntu emhlabeni.

Into eyinhloko izifundo zesayensi ingashiwo imithetho yemvelo, kanye amaphethini ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuxhumana yezingxenye ezahlukene igobolondo lwendawo (inhlabathi, amatshe, amanzi izimila, nokunye. D.). Isayensi yanamuhla ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu: zomzimba nezenhlalo geography kwezomnotho. Eyokuqala uhlola isimo, kwesibili - sabantu futhi izimo zokuphila kwabantu, kanti eyesithathu - izici amaphethini ekuthuthukisweni komnotho emazweni nezindawo.

Okwakushiwo "geography zomlando". Izici isiyalo yesayensi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-geography - kuyinto wesayensi oyinkimbinkimbi. Kuhlanganisa e ubulungu yayo ezihlukahlukene ezimpikweni ezahlukene. Omunye wabo ngqo lwesifundo zomlando. Lokho akwenza kwathinta ukufunda?

geography zomlando - isigaba ekhethekile ezama ukuchaza izinqubo ezahlukene umlando nezenzakalo ngolwazi womhlaba. Ngamanye amazwi, study lokhu isayensi nomlando ngokusebenzisa isikhala. Futhi indawo ekhethekile ke kunikezwa ezindawo (indawo) izici.

Ekuphetheni

Omunye sciences endala kakhulu emhlabeni kubhekwa geography. Leli gama ithakazelisa kakhulu. Igama yasungulwa eGrisi lasendulo. Futhi kwisi olimini Russian kungaba ngokuthi "zemleopisanie". Igama elithi waqamba emuva ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka isazi BC ngesiGreki Eratosthenes. By the way, nguye okokuqala ukukala kwemigomo iplanethi yethu. Futhi ngakwenza kahle impela, ngaphandle kokuba banikeze amadivayisi yesimanje nobuchwepheshe.