Enterprise - kuyinto ... imisebenzi yenkampani. ukusungulwa kwezohwebo

Ukukhiqizwa - lena insika eyinhloko iyiphi umnotho wembulunga yonke. States eziye kulesi simiso elula ezingeguquleke, wakhetha ukuthenga izimpahla ezishibhile amazwe, eqinisweni, kakade eside elahlekile ukuzimela. Yiqiniso, nesisekelo esiqinile sezindinganiso ezingumphumela womkhiqizo iyona ibhizinisi. It lenza kuncike ezimele ngokuphelele yokundlelana kwezomnotho, okuyinto zidalwe ukwenziwa noma yini, noma ukuhlinzeka ezinye imisebenzi izakhamizi noma izinhlangano ezingokomthetho. isimo okugunyaziwe - inzuzo.

kuncike ngayinye kumele kudlule inqubo yokubhalisa isimo, ukuthola isimo inhlangano esemthethweni, futhi kuphela emva kwalokho, inkampani iqhaza ubudlelwane kwezomnotho ngaphakathi ezweni nasemazweni aphesheya.

izibonakaliso ibhizinisi

Njenganoma yimuphi ilungu inqubo kwezomnotho, inkampani ngayinye ine eziningana izici zayo ngalo kungenziwa kalula ekhonjwe. Ake zibhale ngokuningiliziwe. Okokuqala, inkampani - kuba abanikazi impahla, okuyinto kumelwe nakanjani babe azishiyele yabo. Kuyinto lokhu impahla futhi zinikeza zonke zalo izibopho izikweletu, uma ikhona, zenzeka.

Njengoba ilungu esizimele ukuhweba, amabhizinisi isinyathelo kuphela egameni lakhe, futhi ngenxa yalokho Unelungelo angene kwinkontileka, njengoba namanye amabhizinisi asemthethweni futhi izakhamuzi. Ngenxa uzibuse lebhizinisi kwezomnotho ingaba ummangalelwa noma ummangali kunoma yiphi inkantolo.

Yiqiniso, imisebenzi inkampani kumele ngokugcwele ukuboniswa ezitatimendeni zezimali enemininingwane, eyicela kuhlinzekelwe ehlola isimo ukulawula imizimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaleso naleso sifundvo lotawusebenta ephoqelelwe unegama ekhethekile, okwenza kube lula ukuchaza.

ngezigaba

Ngokuvamile, sabelane nabo lahlukene izici. Ngakho, bebheke inkampani zingahlukaniswa zibe esikhiqiza ezidayiswayo kanye labo abazikhiqizayo izindlela zokukhiqiza. Ukukhiqizwa ngokwayo kungaba okuqhubekayo noma ngokuqhubekayo (kuphazamisekile isikhashana).

• Ngokuqondene isiqondiso, angase ihlukaniswe ayisipesheli, kuhlanganiswe futhi jikelele.
• Ngobukhulu ingakhishwa selihlukene laba amancane, aphakathi nendawo kanye enkulu.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi kungaba mass-kukhiqizwa, owodwa ucezu futhi ukukhiqizwa zokuhlola (izinhlobo yokugcina umsebenzi ngokuvamile kakhulu izingalo umkhakha);
• Kukhona zezimboni, ezokuthutha, ukuyothenga ezihlukahlukene.
• Kukhona yangasese, collective amabhizinisi kamasipala.

amafomu enhlangano

Okwamanje ezweni lethu usebenza ukubambisana kwezomnotho futhi imiphakathi, co-operatives, kanye nesimo futhi izinhlelo zikamasipala ebumbeneko. Yiqiniso, imisebenzi inkampani, ngesikhathi ekuchithweni kwayo amafa nezinye izinto kakhulu bancike ngokunembile phezu amafomu enhlangano.

Siqala ukuhlaziywa umsebenzi wamabhizinisi kanye ukubambisana ibhizinisi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona avelele:

• uhlobo egcwele ngokubambisana.
• -Edishini Limited (ukholo).
• Ltd kanye Inkampani ngaphezu kwalokho eyalo umthwalo.
• izinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele (isibonelo uhlobo yokugcina izinkampani - cishe zonke izinkampani ezinkulu zasekhaya wahlanganyela isizinda izidubedube).

benza kanjani imisebenzi ezahlukene zonke lezi zinhlobo? ubambiswano jikelele

Ngokuhambisana inkontileka basuke benza ngendlela imisebenzi agcwele ibhizinisi ngaphandle kwemingcele, kodwa izingozi abasafufusa bangase basabele nazo zonke izimpahla zaso. Ngakho, ngokubambisana obugcwele isibopho sezomthetho angenamkhawulo maqondana wonke amalungu alo. izindlela ezivamile ibhizinisi kuleli cala azinandaba. Ngisho ngaphandle kokuba yilungu leBhodi, noma yiliphi ilungu ihlangabezana zonke izinto zayo. Umhlalaphansi Inkampani, kuzoba iminyaka emibili ukuba siphathe bonke ukuzibophezela okwenziwe ngesikhathi engena ezinhlwini ngokubambisana.

ubambiswano Limited

Kulokhu, lo "umongo" ibhizinisi zonke abahlanganyeli efanayo, sithwele isibopho sezomthetho ongenamkhawulo zonke izingozi abasafufusa. Ngaphandle kwalezi, kukhona kommandisty. Empeleni, kuba izimali zabo emabhange. Baphinde babe ezinye umthwalo, kodwa kungagcini ubukhulu lokutshala izimali zabo enhloko-dolobha ingqikithi ibhizinisi. Yingakho nezinhlangano ezifana zifana eziningi nenkampani, okuyinto thina uchaze ngezansi.

Ltd.

Le ndlela ibhizinisi uhlela abantu abaningana (noma omunye umsunguli), kanye nezingozi anqunyelwe inhlokodolobha obhalisiwe. Usayizi esigxotsheni egxilile isimiso ibhizinisi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlangano banesibopho, sokuboshwa usayizi iminikelo yabo enhlokodolobha sisekelo isihloko umsebenti wetemnotfo. Zonke umsebenzi ibhizinisi is uvalwe kulawulwa umsunguli wayo: Ayikho umhlangano amalungu eBhodi kungamukelwa iyiphi izinqumo ucishe ezibalulekile.

Engeziwe Ugibe Company ezihlukahlukene ekhethekile yohlobo odlule. It libhekene yokuthi bonke abahlanganyeli sezomthetho ezengeziwe zixhaswe, inani okuyinto eziningi ngezinga lomnikelo walo enhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe. Zonke ezinye izici lolu hlobo izinkampani iyafana nohlobo kuchaziwe ngenhla.

OAO, Zao

Ngokungafani izinkampani langaphambilini, inhlokodolobha sisekelo ibhizinisi ibhizinisi lubonakaliswa ukwabelana (izibambiso). Kwamanye izibopho amalungu ayo ungaphenduli, futhi ingozi ukulahleka ilingana nenani izibopho olwathengwa kubo. Uma abahlanganyeli bakhululekile ngumnikazi futhi bachithe esigxotsheni yabo emphakathini ibizwa ngokuthi evulekile - JSC.

Njengoba kushiwo ngumthetho ngaphakathi umphakathi unelungelo eligcwele ukusabalalisa ukwabelana yayo phezu khulula okubhaliselwe isisekelo. Ngakho, uma izibambiso anikezwa, noma nje phakathi ebhodini, noma kwetimo kakhulu, umthetho, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane ibhizinisi izovalwa, Zao. Akukho subscription, akukho ukusatshalaliswa umphakathi amasheya ubhalisele kungenzeki.

Izici CJSC futhi OJSC

Emsebenzini wabo, kukhona ezinye umehluko. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe:

• Kuzo zonke izimo, lezi zinkampani viva kakhulu ngempumelelo amafa sabo sezimali.
• Uma kukhona izinkinga, abasunguli ingozi kuphela izibambiso zabo ngaphandle kokubanga ingxenye ngayo yonke impahla yabo ezithathekayo, awanakususwa.
• Masheya ngqo futhi babehileleke ukuphathwa kwamabhizinisi.
• Ngenxa amathuba enkulukazi ukushukuma ezingeziwe izisebenzi yokugcina has a ugqozi omkhulu ukukhulisa Imiphumela zomsebenzi.

co-op ukukhiqizwa

Kulokhu, licembu lemphakatsi ngokuzithandela ukujoyina wokubambisana ukukhiqizwa noma eminye imisebenzi. Umnikelo iba siqu zabasebenzi iqhaza futhi Iminikelo yezimali eyenziwa ngokuzithandela ukuze inhlangano. Zonke impahla wokubambisana lihlukaniswe phakathi kwamalungu lubonakaliswa ngamasheya alinganayo. I inzuzo kwasakazwa okuqinile, kuncike oqondile angisebenzi iqhaza ekukhiqizweni noma kweminye imisebenzi. Liphinde asakaza wonke impahla wokubambisana, okuyinto uhlala emva ukuvalwa ayo.

Enterprise ebumbeneko

Enterprise ebumbeneko - kuwuhlobo ukukhiqizwa lapho uhulumeni wakhe alinalo ilungelo amandla ukukhiqizwa kwempahla. Cishe ukukhuluma, bona ingafaniswa iziqashi izakhiwo ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto ungasebenzisa imishini ukukhiqiza izingxenye, kodwa ukudayisa noma ngandlela-thile ngenye indlela ukulahla imishini azivumelekile. Ngakho, impahla zinkampani akakwazi ukuba ahlukaniswe ku amayunithi noma nokwabelana. Ngokunengqondo, ebumbeneko cishe zonke bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni.

Nabo baphinde zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba ilungelo lokuphatha kwezomnotho.
• Enterprises esekelwe isimiso ukuphathwa zokusebenza.

Lapho inhlangano kwezomnotho ifa mthetho awukwazi manje sizithibe ngesilinganiso ngaphakathi kwemingcele okuyinto asethwe kule nomthetho ofanele. Emhlabeni imikhawulo efanayo kungaba nokuchitha impahla kanye nokuphathwa yokwenza umsebenzi, kodwa kulokhu iphathwa njengoba umnikazi umsebenzi, kanye injongo eyinhloko yebhizinisi iyonke. Ngakho, ukuze ukuphathwa zokusebenza umnikazi (isiqashi) ibhizinisi ebumbeneko unamandla ngobubanzi okuningi.

Nokho, umphathi namanje awukwazi ukuthengisa izimpahla ekukhiqizweni usebenzisa izibambiso, ukheshe noma non-cash imali.

izinkampani zokuhweba

Ngaphandle yinkampani zokuhweba. Ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu kulezi zinhlangano ukuthenga izimpahla ezimbonini yokukhiqiza. Uma sikhuluma ngokuya ezimali, nokugcinwa kokuthula kwamabhuku, kulesi simo lula kakhulu. Ngemva kwengxoxo kohlobo oluthile izimpahla kwesinye ngalolu hlobo izinkampani kungenzeki. Esikhundleni zonke izingxenye ukuthi zakha isisekelo izakhiwo zezimboni, lapha isebenze kuphela izimpahla.

Abakwazi ihlukaniswe ezihlukahlukene lwezeMpilo Usizo.

Uma sikhuluma uhlobo wholesale ke sifaka izindlu ukuhweba lezisekelo zalo, emafektri kanye nezinye izikhungo. amabhizinisi Isitolo esidayisa yonke impahla akwazi ukuthengisa imikhiqizo kuzo zombili amafemu bekwi ukuhweba iimfesi futhi uyithumele emkhakheni wezimboni. Isibonelo salokhu amafemu Brokerage athenga ephezulu ukucacisa amathuluzi phesheya.

Ngakho, ngaphansi abathengisi waqonda izitolo evamile.

Njengoba amabhizinisi wadala futhi kwavala?

Noma yimuphi izinkampani inhlangano kumele kuqale nge ukubhaliswa isampula isimo. Njengoba yokufuna iphakethe efanele kwemibhalo isihloko uthola isimo esemthethweni. Ukuze ibhaliswe kule incarnation, umfakisicelo kumele athumele emagunyeni yokubhalisa madokumende alandelayo:

• Isitatimende mayelana isifiso ukusungula ibhizinisi. Ibhalwe ngu umsunguli (abasunguli) ngendlela ngokungenasizathu ngokuphelele.
• Luphinde zidinga imemerandamu inhlangano lapho yonke imininingwane apelwe phandle.
• Charter, kumele isayinwe yibo bonke abantu ukuthi kuyofakwa umthetho.
• Zonke namarisidi kusuka amabhange kanye namanye amaphepha emvume zezimali ezingase uqinisekise ukuthi izicelo kufanele hhayi ngaphansi kuka-50% inani kusolwa share capital.
• Kokuthola imali e emalini ebekiwe ngumthetho.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uthole isitifiketi kusukela Anti-monopoly iKomidi, okumele unikeze imvume inhlangano inkampani yakho.

Yini okufanele ibe ku-Memorandum?

Lo mbhalo kumele anikezwe igama olunembile futhi egcwele ibhizinisi. Ukuze kwenziwe kwinkontileka of indawo yayo, ulwazi mayelana abasunguli kanye charter dolobha, ukusatshalaliswa nokulingana amayunithi nokunye.

Imiyalo kudingeka ukuthi ifomu lwenhlangano wezomthetho inhlangano entsha yokuhlela imisebenzi yezomnotho, nenqubo yenhlangano yayo futhi kungenzeka ekucwileni, kanye okubili zonke izinkinga zezimali ziqokonyiswe idokhumenti odlule. Uma ebumbeneko ukukhiqizwa ibhizinisi, abaningi imininingwane ukwenza kube akudingekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi (njengoba sishilo kakade) nokuthi umnikazi wonke amafa lenhlangano kuyinto wesithathu, ngakho-ke le nkampani iphethwe ngendlela okuningi "ezifingqiwe" version.

Ukubhalisa kumele ube khona ezinsukwini ezingamashumi amathathu (kusukela ngosuku kulethwa wonke amadokhumenti), noma kuze kube izinsuku zekhalenda amathathu, okuyinto yabalwa kusukela osukwini okushicilelwe ngalo isinyathelo kumadokhumenti ngeposi. Yenqaba ukubhaliswa kungaba, uma abanye benu okufakiwe imibhalo musa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo esisemthethweni babeka phansi komthetho. Isexwayiso! Njalo ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi, okuyinto eyenziwa ngaphambi ukubhaliswa kwaso olusemthethweni, Kuyicala zokuphatha.

Kwezinye izimo, kuphele umsebenzi ibhizinisi?

• Uma isinqumo esinjalo sathathwa yibhodi kwenhlangano.
• Ekupheleni kwesikhathi lapho inhlangano yadalwa.
• Ngenxa yokuthi usuqedile zonke izinjongo ukuqaliswa obadalwa isikhungo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani zezimali esidalelwe ukuqoqwa azosiza abayizisulu zezinhlekelele.
• Ezigodlweni, uma ngokungemthetho nokubhaliswa ukusungulwa kubonakaliswa noma liyohlonza iyiphi ephule ngokuphelele imibhalo wenza ngaphambili.
• Nalapha futhi, enkantolo, uma amaqiniso kuthiwa kungase kutholakale imisebenzi engekho emthethweni futhi ezephula umthetho ngaphansi isembozo ibhizinisi yokukhiqiza.
• Uma isikhungo kuthiwa ayinamali ngokuhambisana nomthetho.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, iIgama ngokuvamile ivaliwe ngenxa yokungakhokhi sokuhambisana izinga imikhiqizo ekhona iziqondiso State.

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza inkonzo ulwazi yentela yombuso Izikhungo mayelana nokuvalwa inkampani, kanye nolwazi mayelana ne-akhawunti isiphetho Ukuvalwa. Nale isevisi ngokuvamile kumele eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba, kusukela cishe noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka wamukela oda enikeziwe inhlawulo.

Ngakho, inkampani - akuvunyelwe ihlelwe izakhiwo ukuthi angaphansi ezihlukahlukene imithetho.