British Labour Party. Abaholi beqembu, amafilosofi

Okhethweni waseBritish Labour Party nayo akukhona nje ukuchitha obukholisayo phumelela, lokhu kuphinde kuqinisekisa ukusebenza efanele nokuzinza kohlelo ezimbili eceleni. Imithetho guqula olwenziwa ngaphambili wabonisa ukuthi iphathi enamandla kwezombangazwe njengesilo Ukukhetha ehloniphekile esiNgisi. Umlando of Great Britain sikhombisa imodeli yesimanje kahulumeni, kwakheka kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho ezinamandla esikhathini esidlule akuniké indlela intokazi Liberal Party Labor. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, eBrithani wabusa ngempela emthethweni.

Antikonservativnaya party

Alibonise ngokugcwele ngokwabo Labor ayengakwenza kuphela lapho kuqala iMpi Yezwe I baphela lapho kufika umholi oqinile elikhanyayo - Attlee. Esikhathini eko, Labor Party Great Britain yazibiza ngempela, kabili lokwakha uhulumeni nge Robert McDonald oshayelayo.

Ngaziphebeza eko babe namandla party futhi amandla, okuyinto akazange avumele Labour Party futhi eminyakeni eyalandela, sethusa elahlekelwa kakade yazuza isimo wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke antikonservativnoy party nge ngenhloso ngokuqinile ukuvikela izithakazelo isizwe oshayelayo.

izithakazelo zezwe

British Labour Party kwadingeka ekuholeni, futhi nakuba amalungu lenkhulu party wazama ukumelana, Labourism sekubekwe eqhulwini efuna ukuba angagcini nje ukunyakaza enamandla, kodwa iqembu elibusayo. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho Labor were ngaphakathi phikisa - kusukela 1924 kuze kube ngo-1929, lapho IKhabhinethi yabo bakuqala bawa. Ngalesi sikhathi, sakha nezimiso kube yilolu suku musa ukuvikela iqembu Labour and izithakazelo zezwe.

Kwaba ngasekupheleni kwawo-eko ephelile ngokujulile tingucuko lonke leqembu lezombusazwe uhlelo, ngakho-ke, unomphela futhi esisemthethweni isithakazelo kule nkathi khona iqembu okungukuthi kakhulu elikhulu, ngoba kule iDemo kwesikhathi, wena ikani trace ukuvela zezombusazwe imibono, okuyinto namanje ushumayela eBritish Labour Party.

Futhi ukuhlaziywa theory ukufaka isofthiwe

Ukuze uthole ukuvezwa ephelele isihloko indaba ephathwayo kumelwe betadisha izici lokuthuthukisa inhlangano nezombangazwe, okuyinto usebhekene iqembu engxenyeni eko yesibili, izimiso esebenza abavoti, iqembu kanye nokumela, kanye ukuhlaziya kwesikhathi ezincwadini uhlelo lomsebenzi abaphikisayo.

Ekupheleni amabili ekhulwini eyakheke kazwelonke amaqembu e eziningi uthi. British Labour Party wakwazi ukukhonza njengephayona imodeli lapho kutadishwa inqubo kumiswa iqembu eliphikisayo, kwesokunxele-wing party nge isimiso sezombangazwe yeningi, njengoba le ndaba yokungaziphathi amaqembu amasha emazweni ahlukahlukene kubalulekile.

Ngo nokuphikiswa,

Ngokuvamile kubhekwa isikhathi yomsebenzi enkulu omphakathi, kanye inkathi nokuvuthwa party imibono ungatholi ngokwanele wokutadisha nokukhanya historiography. Ake sizame ukulungisa le ukweqiwa, njengoba nje okuhlangenwe nakho yokuba omunye amaqembu ayinhloko kuleli zwe akuyona kuphela ezithakazelisayo njengoba umlando UK.

Ngemva 1929, ngokuba oshayelayo, ukubhekana lenkinga 1931 Labor Party nje yokutholwa esiye zanqwabelana esikhathini ethule abaphikisayo. Ukuba emthunzini, yoMbutho Wezisebenzi akazange ahlale izandla kuyilapho nezinye izinhlangano zezombusazwe Enkulu YaseBrithani yakhipha lesi sinqumo: Ikuqedile izinkinga zangaphakathi, isu izinqubomgomo esizayo, afunde izifundo kusukela esikhathini esidlule yamuva futhi izinhlelo zayo zesikhathi esizayo.

umbhikisho party

Ungacabangi ukuthi ukwakheka Labor uhulumeni wokuqala ngo-1924 ngokuphepha endleleni zonke izithiyo futhi ayinqobe ukhetho ngo-1929 waba kusengaphambili. Yebo, i-British Labour Party wawina iningi ephalamende, kodwa yayingathembekile futhi imiphumela yezinqumo odlule - iKhabhinethi okulondoloza noma ezinye impumelelo egxilile babeka phansi ukhetho odlule.

Ngempela, emthethweni musa zakwazi ukwenza lokho okulindelwe abantu, kepha izisebenzi zase ngesikhathi kuphela inhlangano yombhikisho, lapho abheka ngayo abantu ngabe ukuzwelana, kodwa ithemba - akunakwenzeka. Ukuhlolwa lokuqala amandla sibekezelele zonke amaphuzu ngenhla and Labour kusobala ukuthi akanazo isikhathi esanele sokucabanga sina ngesimo kanye search for indima yakhe kuwo. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi ezolile okuhle party.

Democrats Social ngokumelene Liberals futhi emthethweni

Umlando of Great Britain angazanga ngisho nalolu vivinyo amandla, okuyinto uwile ekumeleleni Labor nalokho okukholelwayo sezenhlalo ngokumelene okwenza wokwandisa base bohlu zezombusazwe. Uhlelo lwe-socialism kusukela yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye yaqala ukusakaza emazweni amaningi, kodwa hhayi uma wakwazi abeme emgceni, esiteji efanayo lapho kusuka lasendulo ukuma emthethweni futhi Liberals.

Kwakukhona ngezindlela ezahlukene yokusungulwa imibono evamile sezenhlalo, ngokuvamile - njengoba eJalimane noma Russia - by revolution, impi futhi igazi. YoMbutho Wezisebenzi eBrithani bazuzwe ngaphandle zokuchitha igazi, ngaphandle uthuthumele organically angena ohlelweni yelinyenti esasikhona ezweni. Wayezimisele umkhuba kancane kahulumeni, futhi manje nethemba uphinda babuye bahlanganise impumelelo isibe ekhangayo kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ithoni entsha futhi izindlela ezintsha ekukhuthazeni ukubukwa sezenhlalo.

izimbangi

Okunye amaqembu ezombusazwe eBrithani ukuba bangayeki ngeke. kungazelelwe evilaphayo Liberal Party ithole kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba umholi Labor - uDavid Lloyd George, ababezama ukukhombisa izwe ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu impela nje, ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka isinqumo Inqubomgomo olandelanayo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa yezwe ekwenziweni yezinguquko esinzulu futhi lesichubekako. Lalineseluleko party, kude isimo sezenhlalo.

British Labour Party sidalwe impela kuleyo nkinga, ngakho ukunqoba. Kodwa, cishe, le Liberals nje kuthiwe sekwephuzile: ngaphambi nje kokuba ukungqubuzana kungaba ebulalayo yoMbutho Wezisebenzi, kodwa manje ziye wasebenzisa ukusikhohlisa ekuqongeleleni amabutho zezombusazwe. Ukulinganiswa kanye kabusha nokuhlola ubunjalo iqembu elisha, yasishintsha izimo, umbono wamqinisa nokuqaphela ezifezekile ukukhomba omusha kakade.

Umlando sokudalwa

YaseBrithani Labour Party yasungulwa njengendlela ukusebenza neKomidi ngo-1900. Okokuqala emlandweni wayo ezinhlwini iningi abasebenzi kanye nabaphathi ukuze nizoqhubeka ilungelo inkambo sezenhlalo bezinguquko. Ngo-1906 igama kwaqinisekiswa: Labor Party Enkulu YaseBrithani. Wakwazi ukuthi avele ngenxa sabasebenzi ubekhona futhi wafuna indima zezombusazwe kuhulumeni.

Phakathi ubuholi Okokuqala World of iqembu ngesikhathi esifanayo ne uhulumeni waseBrithani - konke elinde ukuba anqobe eJalimane nabasizi balo, abaholi Labour Party langena sokusebenzisana ne-uhulumeni. Ngo-1918 iqembu limenyezelwe isakhiwo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni e-UK. Uhlelo lwe-socialism ngomqondo British wayengeyena umuntu ukuba sazi yisisekelo mgomo babe nomqondo esemqoka ye UFabian Society ngaleso sikhathi, lapho socialism yakhiwe kancane, ngokohlelo, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka emphakathini, kanye nendima esemqoka ekunikeni uhlelo we Labour Party odlale Independent Labour Party okwakukhona Labor iphiko.

ithiyori Labourism

Engaphelele yomzabalazo wezigaba akuyona ingxenye kwesimiso wahlupheka ngesikhathi ukuphikiswa, yoMbutho Wezisebenzi wabiza kabusha kancane kancane capitalism esebenzisa isimo, futhi lo msebenzi kufanele zonke amakilasi ozoba. Ngo-1929, Macdonald waba ikhanda lesibili Labor uhulumeni afeze kabusha ukulwa nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ngcono ukuphepha komphakathi.

Khona-ke, ngo-1931, isimo esibucayi Kwagqashuka. Izinguquko abangu Yiqiniso, ezigoqwe, Labor baye usike izindleko zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle. Ngakho-ke, iqembu banyukubala ngaphandle ngokushesha. Uhulumeni ufake incwadi yokwesula emsebenzini, abanye abaholi -. McDonald, J., uThomas, F. Snowden - waphinde wangena umfelandawonye nohulumeni futhi zishintshile igama party - ke manje seliye National Labor. Ngo-1932 wasuka yonke yokwenza iqembu wezabaSebenzi kwesokunxele ngaphakathi the bombo of Independent Labour Party, Labor Party kanye share esisele ngesikhathi Labour Party kanye Socialist League.

Oku-impi futhi iminyaka post-yimpi

Lapho iMpi Yezwe II yayisivele umbundu, isinqumo emthethweni baphishekela inqubomgomo appeasement Germany, e-UK ezinye Labor asekelwe inqubomgomo kaHulumeni. Uma le nqubomgomo kuhlulekile, futhi UK ngokwayo ezisengozini kokunqotshwa empini nge, abaholi Labor lagcina lithuthele. Ngo-1940, bangena uhulumeni uWinston Churchill, okuyinto lase lizale nje.

Umholi amakhetho Labour Party e-United Kingdom babe into elungile, igagasi inhliziyo leftist kuleli zwe uvukile. Futhi Labour Party, wahlongoza ukuba kwakhiwe uhlelo ka ukuletha izinguquko emphakathini, ngo-1945, ukunqoba kumhambela okhethweni. Uhulumeni ngaphansi kobuholi K. R. Ettli labetibambile izinguquko eziningana, uhulumeni lo Bank of England, ezinye izimboni ukukhokha isinxephezelo ngokugcwele kumnikazi.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

Uhulumeni Labour ye-United Kingdom wasekela eziya ziba zimbi US elala eSoviet Union. Kuphela kokucindezeleka okudlulele babamba inkunzi ngokuphelele anikezwe ukuzimela British eNdiya ngo-1947, lapho phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili yayingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-omunye labantu ukufunda nokubhala (abafundile, kodwa ukwazi nje izinhlamvu). I kazwelonke yenkhululeko futhi ophoqwa ukuba aphe inkululeko eBurma naseCeylon ngo-1948.

Futhi kakade ngo-1951, yoMbutho Wezisebenzi lahluleka kwasani e ukhetho ePhalamende. Imibono zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni saphela nesithakazelo umphakathi isiNgisi, ngaphezu kwalokho, baye ebucayini. Ngenxa yalokho, kwadingeka benze into entsha, Zishiya umqondo wokwakha ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Umholi we-British Labour Party ngesikhathi H. Gaitskell salibangisa socialism yeningi, isimo nenhlalakahle nge iziqondisi nemali wamavukelambuso. Lapha-ke ezamenyezelwa zibonise ukwethembeka okungenakunyakaziswa izimfundiso NATO.

Sixties kanye yoma

Ngo-1964, Labour Party futhi iwine bakha uhulumeni nge G. Wilson uyaphi. Khona-ke anda inkokhelo, kabusha impesheni kwenziwa, khona-ke baqala futhi, "Imihlomulo inqubomgomo" ngemikhawulo efanayo ku imali yezenhlalakahle, ngenxa ngo-1970 Labor Party wahlulwa wangena ukuphikiswa. Ngo-1974 abazilindele ukunqoba entsha. Uyekwa eziphuthumayo, okuyinto Ufake emthethweni ngoba iziteleka njalo abuyiselwe ngesonto evamile zokusebenza ukuxazululwa ukungqubuzana izisebenzi zasemayini.

Izinyunyana ezimele abasebenzi usayine isivumelwano noHulumeni wanoma amanani ezinzile, ukwanda usizo lomphakathi ukuze athole okuthile ukuthi izinyunyana ngeke awafuni amaholo aphezulu. Isikhathi esilandelayo emlandweni waseBrithani kwaba nokuguqula izimpilo ngempela. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ukubonakala inhloko kahulumeni Margaret Tetcher.

"Iron Lady"

Conservative umnyombo, lona wesifazane imperious futhi nginenhliziyo labetibambile izinguquko ezinjalo lapho ukubuya imibono sezenhlalo engasoze alinde, yebo ngendlela emnene kakhulu. YoMbutho Wezisebenzi yokutholwa izinguquko, ngakho njengoba singalahlekelwa labavoti. Asekelwe azimele amabhizinisi, kanye nabo ngokwabo uhulumeni, nemakethe ezamahala umnotho, ukuncishiswa izibopho nomphakathi. Ngakho baphoqeleka ukuba sikwenze.

Labor Party waqala inqubo sesimanje, okuyinto akayekanga futhi manje, ngoba ezinyakazayo sitholwa engelapheki. Ezisusiwe kusuka izingcingo hlelo ngoba ukufakwa kwezimayini kuhulumeni, kumemezela "okusha Labor." Iqembu laba isikhungo kwesokunxele. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho, ngo-1997, yakwazi Ukunqoba kamatima okhethweni. Uhlelo Party yaba okungaphezu ezingacacile xaxa futhi ezihlose ekulondolozeni ukuzinza umphakathi British.

Namuhla

Ungumholi omusha we-British Labour Party Dzheremi Korbin wakhethwa emva party elahlekile izihlalo 17 kuleli ephalamende ngemuva kokhetho zokugcina. Kuyinto sezenhlalo oshisekayo, wakhuthaza ukuqedwa austerity futhi iqophelo ukufinyelela UK kusukela NATO. abahlaziyi abaningi ukubikezela uqhekeko eqenjini nge umholi onjalo. izinhlelo zayo yokukhuluma akwamukeleki emthethweni isinqumo wezwe, noma ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi "okusha Labor."

Iqembu manje kude kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni sabo sokusebenza. It has ngempela ubuso yesimanje European. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungu British Labour Party Saymon Amapaki phikisana kakhulu ukuthi umengameli Russian wenyusa njengabafokazi nezakhamuzi Nordic. Laba balimi bafakela kuye "ezisemkhathini" isikhali ukuthi cishe njengabantu abaphelele njengoba US, ne-United States singaphoqi ngxabano. Lo muntu akacabangi ngokwayo ukuthi azanele. Kanye namalungu akhe phathi nabo, ngokusobala, futhi.