Richard Nixon - UMengameli lama-37 e-United States of America. biography

Kuwo wonke umlando-United States nje ingenye omongameli zabo ngokuzithandela eshiye bakhe bokuqala. Zaba Richard Nixon, ngubani ashiya izikhundla ngo-1974. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuthi isenzo sakhe wake wangena zemihla ngemihla isikhathi. Sasiphakathi imisebenzi yayo kanye nezinye izikhathi oluvelele. Bobabili emihle nemibi.

Ebuntwaneni futhi uMongameli usakhula

Richard Milhauz Nikson wazalwa ngo-January 9, 1913 edorobheni elibizwa bona Yorba Linda, eCalifornia libalele. Bobabili abazali bakhe ayengowesifazane umphakathi ongokwenkolo futhi amaQuaker babe yokuphila olandelanayo. Ubaba Niksona Frensis khona Scot ngokobuhlanga Clan Armstrong. igama lomama uHana, futhi bekubonakala ngaphansi kwethonya wakhe, wonke umndeni wahlala phezu izimiso amaQuaker.

Ngaphezu Richard, ogama lakhe behlonipha King uRichard the Lionheart, lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka amadodana amane. amagama abo ubulunge inkumbulo yokubusa kwamakhosi British. Ngeshwa, abazalwane ababili kwakungafanele lucky ngokwanele ukuba baphile baze babe badala.

Nixon kokunye ephundlekile umndeni. Abazali uzama ipulazi, kodwa akusebenzanga kahle. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba ushiye Yorba Linda futhi bathuthele kwelinye idolobha Whittier California. Kukhona uyise wavula ibhizinisi elincane umndeni, ehlanganisa garaji futhi esitolo. Amadodana ngenkuthalo basiza kuye kwezohwebo. UGrew othobekile kanzima sabasebenzi nabantu engongi.

Lesakhiwo lokuqala ezemfundo, okuyinto evakashela Richard, waba esikoleni esiphakeme ngo Furletone. Richard Nixon ayevelele ngu intelligence, isifiso sokuvelela okukhulu, kanye amathalenta yabasubathi zomculo. School wathola iziqu lwesificaminwembili njalo kusiya phambili ukusebenza umfundi futhi ngokushesha waya ekolishi. Harvard wathenjiswa, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi indodana yakhe ukukhokhela abahlala kwelinye idolobha, umndeni akanamali.

Ngo ekolishi, uMongameli ikusasa e-United States 37 wazibonakalisa okhaliphile njengoba wafunda ngempumelelo ke e-University of Durham, lapho kahle ubungcweti ummeli.

Qala umsebenzi

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, Nixon ayehlela ezinkulu ngenxa yokuphila esikhathini esizayo. Wayefuna ukuba azinze Federal Bureau of Investigation, kodwa lo mbono laligcwele "umcengezi zethusi". Le nsizwa kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukubuyela California - e Whittier ekhaya.

Kube Wayenabo izandla nezinyawo babe omdala umthetho niqinile winger futhi Beli, lapho esanda ummeli kusukela 1937 kuya ku-1945 ngonyaka wahlanganyela kumangala ahlukahlukene uhlamvu yenkampani.

Yiqiniso, lena akuyona nge-career qala waphupha abasha ukuvelela. Kepha kamuva wavuma ukuthi umkhuba umthetho wamnika okuningi. Futhi ewusizo kakhulu kwezepolitiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Richard Nixon baba omncane kunathi ekolishi abaphatheli, owake wathola iziqu. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesevile eminyakeni engu-26 kuphela.

Imisebenzi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

Lapho e-Europe, i-Second World, okuyinto wabe esengena ne-United States, owayezoba umongameli ebehlala nomkhaya wakhe e-Washington, DC, ngasebenza ekuphathweni inhlokodolobha intengo isiqondiso. Ngenxa amaQuaker, wadedelwa kusukela kwesibopho sebuthweni, kodwa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo Japanese ku Pearl Harbor akakwazanga ukuhlala ekhaya. Phakathi kwabo umphakathi osondelene wemibhangqwana yokutholwa US amabutho akhe asolwandle. Kusukela ngo-1942 kuya ku-1946 i-Nixon kuqala wakhonza lapho iphoyisa ukunikezela eningizimu ePacific Ocean. Waphindela ekhaya ephephile futhi ephilile olingana uLieutenant nomyali.

Ukuqala yezombusazwe

Ngemva ukudluliswa kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe sikaRichard Nixon, ogama biography iye ngakho kakhulu iphazanyiswe izenzakalo lempi, nganquma ngokuphelele bashintshe ukuphila kwabo. Kulesi wasizwa Republican ajwayelekile. Uma ucabangela Nixon beziphakamisa abanekhono futhi ethembisa sibalo, bamcela ukubeka phambili yesikhulumi yabo kwezepolitiki njengoba umfundi okhethweni olulandelayo US House of Abamele.

Isiphakamiso samukelwe ngaphandle kokungabaza, futhi Nixon ophumelele okhethweni. iminyaka engu-2 kamuva, ngo-1948, yena waba ayakhethwa ukuba Congress, futhi engu-50 wafika iSigele kusukela isimo California.

Ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe zezombusazwe, Richard Nixon wazibonakalisa esebenzayo anti-lamakhomanisi, ngempumelelo kudlalwa ngale ndlela ku-ukucwasana abafanele abavoti. Futhi qaphela iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni le LukaMarshall.

Rise and Fall

Ngo-1952 Nixon wayelinde umsebenzi sina wakhumula. UMongameli wase-United States waba Republican Jikelele Duayt Eyzenhauer nePhini likaMengameli - indlalifa ezicukuthwaneni Scottish, yaqanjwa edume yinkosi ngesiNgisi.

Kuleli qhaza lethu, Richard Nixon wakwazi ukuvakashela emazweni angu-56 emhlabeni futhi ngempela-United States "ukuqondisa." Ithonya lakhe ngenqubomgomo zomphakathi wawumkhulu. Njengoba Eisenhower wayevamile ogulayo futhi aphume ibhizinisi, nomsizi wakhe baba de empeleni waba inhloko.

Vice-President of America , Nixon wachitha iminyaka 8 - okuningi njengoba inhloko yezwe Eisenhower, ubani 56th kabusha akhethwe ihlandla lesibili.

Futhi ekupheleni ehhovisi "umphathi" ka protege bakhe abathembekile wazama ukuthatha isihlalo kamongameli ngokuthatha ingxenye okhethweni ka 1960. Kodwa walahlekelwa umjaho John Kennedy.

iminyaka ukwehluleka efanayo wokugaklazeka ezimbili kamuva, wagijima kukhethwa umbusi California. Ngemva kwalokho, Nixon wanquma umhlalaphansi kwezepolitiki futhi kabusha bahlanganyele wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo. Futhi amaqabunga. Nakuba hhayi isikhathi eside ...

UMengameli waseMelika Richard Nixon: okuthunyelwe eside elindelwe

Engxenyeni 60s yesibili isimo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe futhi "kuhlebeza" ukuze ubuyele Nixon. Republican baqina futhi bayafuna impi. Nalapha abuyela ekhaya party, wangaphambili iphini likamengameli wenza umzamo wesibili ekususeni Isiqalo isihloko "okuphambene." Futhi waphumelela!

Okhethweni 1968, Democrats lapho sibhekene Hyubertona Humph Republican elahlekile. igebe zokugcina lalilincane kakhulu, kodwa kwanele Richard Nixon ukuba ilowo muntu wokuqala kuleli zwe.

Yiqiniso, wabeka eningi umzamo salokhu futhi isicelo eziningi amacebo. Omunye yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaba iqhinga ngothando lwabavoti eNingizimu ngoludala futhi West, ngokwesiko ivoti Democrats.

Ngo-1972, Nixon kabusha akhethwe ihlandla lesibili. Nokho, Okungukuthi, ukukhonza kuze kube sekupheleni, wayengelamadodana ithuba.

inqubomgomo yasekhaya

37 wase-US athatha izintambo lapho leli zwe "ebilayo" ukuchuma emnothweni, okwaholela ukwenyuka kakhulu kwamandla emali. Ukuhlala olandelanayo ngokulinganisela, Nixon aphethwe uchungechunge yezinguquko ezasiza phakamisa izinqubo okunomkhuhlane.

Ngokwesibonelo, indlela yokwenza imali iye yenziwa ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe. Nixon namanje ngokucijile encishisiwe nezinzuzo zezenhlalo, esibekwa ukulawula ubukhulu inkokhelo, kakhulu eyodwa amandla esiphezulu kuleli zwe. Zonke kunokwenzeka ukuyeka kwamandla emali, kodwa ekupheleni isikhathi izimpahla ezweni lesibili akhuphuka futhi.

Yiqiniso, isenzo ezinzima ezifana ngokuthi ngaphakathi khalaza uhlale umphakathi. Yini akalahlekelwanga kuphela ekunciphiseni uxhaso abalimi .... Mhlawumbe lokhu kuchaza kuhlaselwa Richarda Niksona, ngubani ukulungele ngo-1974 i-Samuweli Beek ezithile.

Bick wasebenza njengoba umdayisi futhi kwaba esibi ebhizinisini lakhe. Trouble bekhohliswa kwamandla, futhi ngolunye usuku banquma okuziphindiselela. Wahlela ukuduna indiza ukuze iphahlazeke kube White House, kwashona yena futhi wonke phezulu US - kuhlanganise umongameli, okuyinto, njengoba kwenzakala, yindvodza letsengisa akuphumelelanga wayefuna ukubulala eminyakeni embalwa. Ngenhlanhla, lowo okonile samiswa ngesikhathi, futhi ngokwalo, ubengeke enze lutho olubi kunoma ubani.

Inqubomgomo angaphandle Richarda Niksona

Ngokuphathelene inqubomgomo angaphandle, ke wawuqondiswa Nixon, okokuqala kunakho konke, omunye umkhankaso izithembiso zakhe, okuyinto lancipha impi US eVietnam nesokuphela kwalesi "ukuthula ngodumo."

Ukuze ukugcwaliseka kwesithembiso umengameli ngisho ke wazitholela imfundiso, eyaziwa emlandweni ngokuthi "Nixon Imfundiso". Ngokusho ke, i-United States bungaveli kokuzibandakanya ekulweni imibuso zamaKhomanisi e-Asia. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izwe akukunikezi ngokwayo izici Arbiter emhlabeni, kodwa wamemezela ukuthi bathumele amasosha abo phambili ngeke kusaba khona. Futhi ngeke basekelwe ngezinye izindlela. OMfelandawonye olwatuswa ukuqhubeka uthembele ngaphezulu bebodwa.

Nokho, Nixon namanje amasosha kwalethwa kwelinye izwe. Yena ngo-1970 baba Cambodia. Ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo neSoviet Union, bathi ziye zangithinta kancane kule nkathi. UMongameli Richard Nixon wavakashela eSoviet Union uqobo futhi inezinhlobo leonid uBrezhnev, ne lapho zenzeka ngempela kumnandi, ingxoxo cishe enobungane.

indaba Watergate kanye nokwesula

1972 sonyaka wokhetho waqala Nixon ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunqoba omkhulu, futhi ukunqotshwa efanayo ovala izindlebe. Yena ngokuqiniseka bashaywe Democrat George McGovern futhi wathola "ithikithi" ukuba athathe ihlandla lesibili. Kodwa ekugcineni konke zaphumela yazisola kakhulu.

Ngokushesha ngemva imiphumela yokuvota emaphephandabeni leaked ulwazi mayelana ukugqekeza ehhovisi lika Democrats, etholakala ehhotela "Watergate" izinhloli namadivayisi ngilalele ekusithekeni. Personality Sebawoti "Izinambuzane" atholakala futhi "izindlebe" ngokusobala "ukukhula" owayevela endlunkulu izimbangi - okungukuthi, Republican.

Ukuzibandakanya komuntu ngamunye nehlazo, uMongameli Nixon inqatshelwe kuze kube muva nje. Kodwa kamuva, ingcindezi evela emphakathini, ubufakazi amaqiniso futhi ephoqwa ukuba ingxenye sikubone.

US Senate kanye House of Abamele inqubo kuthathelwe izinyathelo wethulwa. Ngaphambi efika ekugcineni, umongameli ahlaza wanquma ukwesula yena. On isikhathi sakhe sokuthatha umhlalaphansi, watshela isizwe American Agasti 9, 1974. Lokhu emlandweni we-US okwenzeka okokuqala.

Ukulandela ukwesula

Kukho konke, ngemva uyehla esikhundleni sakhe njengeNhloko uMongameli Nixon ukuphilela lezi lokubhala. Lawa kwakungamadodana Umlando lapho wazama izimilo yena, kanye umsebenzi GEOPOLITICS.

Nakuba-38th US President Gerald Ford avuselelwa Nixon kakade ngenyanga ngemuva ukwesula yokugcina, kwakuba nesithunzi umlingiswa oyinhloko we Watergate scandal walala kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ngo ezombusazwe yena eyalwa emnyango, kuso nokusenza umkhuba umthetho ngokomthetho akuvumelekile. Ekuqaleni, lo mbhangqwana Nixon wawunokuthula futhi ukucasha eCalifornia indawo yakhe, futhi ngo-1980 bathuthela e-New York ukuze ibe seduze nezingane nabazukulu.

ukuphila Siqu Nixon

Richard Nixon nguye emshadweni kuphela. Umkakhe - uthisha Thelma Pat Ryan - he is a eside kakhulu futhi kabuhlungu wafuna. Ukuphikelela usathandana kwaba nomvuzo, futhi ngo-1940 baba nomhlangano lomshado. Unkosikazi wabeletha lamadodakazi amabilii.

Pat wayengunkosikazi ozinikele. At izindleko zezempilo layo, yona wadonsa Nixon siphuma kwalasha madness kulo wawela ngemuva nehlazo kanye nokwesula. Vyhazhivaya ezithandwayo zezingoma umyeni behlezi kuye imini nobusuku, Pat lifanelwe ngenxa ukukhubazeka we ohlangothini lwesobunxele umzimba. Washona ngo-1993, unyaka umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umyeni wakhe esehambile elinye izwe ncamashi 11 izinyanga - April 22, 1994.

Ngeshwa, Richard Nixon, inqubomgomo kanye namazwe angaphandle ogama bebelokhu siyasebenza ngempela, zehlulekile izimilo yena emehlweni umphakathi American. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye yayenza isithunzi kakhulu le owamisa likaMengameli futhi bangawusebenzisa bayasethemba naphutha kwamazwe main American nazo. Kodwa njengoba isikhathi sihamba, abanye izizukulwane esikhundleni nabanye, nokuningi kancane kancane ukhohliwe.