Bala Bobrinsky, indodana ka-Catherine 2: Biography. Farmstead Bala Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk

Ngokwezazi-mlando, Catherine 2 - ubeqhakambisa absolutism eRussia. Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi ibhodi kwenarhethu isibe omunye wabadlali ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni kwezepolitiki, baqala ukwenza izinyathelo zokuqala ekuthuthukiseni kwezebhizinisi nezimboni. Ngakho, eCrimea Russian ukuthi ofakiwe, izinguquko eziye ushintshe Sakhiwo sangekhatsi nezokuphatha isimo, kanye nezinguquko eziningi emnothweni. Nokho, ukuphila komuntu iNdlovukazi okubangelwa futhi kubangela isithakazelo lokungekho ngephansi. Ikakhulukazi, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi indoda emgwaqweni kwakukhona nesethi yemibuzo mayelana nokuthi kungani Bala Bobrinsky, indodana ka-Catherine 2, zizalelwe ngaphandle komshado, ukhulele kude inkantolo.

UGrigory Orlov

Indaba ngokuthi ubani owayemkhulu Earl Bobrinsky, indodana ka-Catherine 2, awukwazi ukuqala ngaphandle kwegama kayise - UGrigory Orlov. Lokhu-ke intokazi futhi ekhangayo, isikhulu wavela enkantolo Elizabeth 1 e-1760 futhi ngokushesha yaba nedumela uDon Juan. Kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba umxhwele ngomfazi Tsesarevicha Petra Fedorovicha - UCatherine, oneminyaka engu ngubani wakwazi ukufeza obalulekile uya khona lover Office wezikhali main Likamgcinisikhwama futhi izinqaba. A indima ebalulekile ikakhulukazi ukuphila esikhathini esizayo Empress wohlanga olukhulu osemusha waqala ukudlala ngemva kokufa Elizabeth 1. Lapho uCatherine ethathe ubukhosi, Orlov waba intandokazi onawo wonke amandla futhi wenze zonke udumo ongazicabanga.

indodana engumlanjwana

Ubuhlobo Orlov kanye inkosazana umqhele yayingeyena imfihlo ngoba noma ubani, ngaphandle komyeni wakhe - emva ukubusa kwakhe ngesibindi esihlalweni - umfazi engathandwa liya komunye umkhawulo isigodlo abese zazingakaze wavakashela. Ngakho-ke Catherine oluthukuswe ngokucophelela ekhulelwe, ukuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kudlule njengolunye "" okusemthethweni. Ngenhlanhla, yonke into ihamba kahle, ngoba lapho Apreli 11, 1762 iNdlovukazi kwaba esabeletha, valet Basil Shkurin umlilo endlini yakhe, uPetru Fedorovich ne yizikhonzi wagijima ukubuka umlilo. Ngakho, ukuzalwa umfana eyaziwa kuphela close ambalwa Catherine, futhi wakwazi ukugwema kungamanyala nokuboshwa esigodlweni.

Bala Bobrinsky, indodana ka-Catherine 2: Eminyakeni yokuqala

Ingane ozalwa ngemfihlakalo kuKesari futhi inkantolo, abazali okuthiwa u-Alexei futhi ngokuthi ukulishiya Sasebusika yayingekho indlela, walinika valet umndeni Shkurina, iyala ukumnika ingane indodana yakhe. Kwaze kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili lezi zenzakalo zenzeka Icebo lika abadumile, owenza kanina a Alyosha senkosikazi kancane isimo elikhulu, futhi uyise - omunye izicukuthwane enamandla kakhulu Empire Russian. Kodwa zonke lezi zenzakalo zaba akunamthelela isiphetho ingane, futhi iminyaka engu-12 ubudala, akhulela nemibandela efanayo nezinye izingane ezimbalwa Shkurin. Nakuba mangisho ukuthi valet akuyona umndeni ngobumpofu, futhi 1770, amadodana akhe, kanye Alexei, ngezindleko umphakathi wathunyelwa ukufunda ku Leipzig. Ngemva kokuphothula, yena waba Waphindela eRussia, futhi ngemiyalo yezikhulu iNdlovukazi waqala ukubahlonipha yakhe Alekseem Grigorevichem Bobrinskim.

Umsuka kwegama

Umuntu namuhla ingaqhubeka sidideke ukuthi kungani uyise, onamandla onke asiliboni ingane yowesifazane wayemthanda? Nokho, lokho okwenzeka kulo ndodana engumlanjwana ka Catherine 2, abantu yezikhulu, owaphila ngekhulu le-18, kwaba ngempela ukuze. Ikakhulukazi, unina bobukhosi wathenga ngaye emzaneni Spassky, noma njengoba ibizwa, Bobriki elise sifundazwe Epifanskie County Tula, futhi wamtshela ukuba usinike igama igama ifa. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana kusho ukulondoloza insizwa ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe hhayi endaweni yomcebo isimo, kodwa ngezithukuthuku engenayo esuka serfs yabo. Ngakho yasungulwa ifa, namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi amagrafu Manor Bobrinskys.

Life is the ndodana engumlanjwana ka Catherine 2, kwaze kwabusa uPawulu 1

Emva kokuthola imfundo yamabanga aphansi phesheya, u-Alexei Bobrinsky yamukelwa Overland ubusosha Corps, okuvela kulo wathola iziqu e-1782 nge wendondo yegolide. Ngemva kwalokho, le nsizwa ngajoyina ibutho e elisezingeni uLieutenant. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuthi bacabange ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe, yena kanye namanye abathweswe iziqu ovelele we semfundo wathi uthunyelwe ku ithatha uhambo olude oluya amadolobha aseRussia bese Europe. Ekupheleni uhambo waba ukuba insizwa eParis futhi banquma ukuhlala khona, uhola playboys ocebile ukuphila zasendle. Ngemva uhambo ezihlukahlukene, amahemuhemu okuyinto sokucasuka Catherine 2, Ngokuzayo Bala Alexei Bobrinsky uvele Russia kuphela ebusika 1788. Umama akazange ufuna ukubona kwakhe wamtshela ukuze uye ngqo babeza besuka eRiga uku, lapho eseneminyaka ukukhonza njengephayona wesibili noma esilingana nesakhe. Kodwa umsebenzi wezempi akakuthandisisanga nsizwa, futhi 1790 wabhala umbiko ukuba awuyeke lo msebenzi, lesi sinqumo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, esikhathini esizayo Earl Bobrinsky (indodana ka-Catherine 2) uthenge, ngemvume ye-ndaba, Castle Ober-Palen washada Anna Ungern-Sternberg. Ngemva komshado, lo mbhangqwana wavakashela inhlokodolobha, futhi amukelwa ngomusa iNdlovukazi, owabuza udade wayebukeka akesabi ayoshada nendoda, ukuthandana okuyinto amenza idumela indoda womfazi lo? Nokho, Catherine 2 akazange ammeme abasha ukuphila enkantolo. Ngakho-ke, u-Alex Bobrinsky emuva nge umkakhe Ober-Palen futhi wahlala khona kwaze kwaba yikufa kanina. Khona-ke akakwazanga cabanga ngalokho izinguquko zini ezazimlindele esikhathini esizayo.

Isabelo isihloko Ukubala Alekseyu Bobrinskomu

Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba eqale wakhe sobukhosi owalandela Catherine 2 wakhumbula half-brother. Iqiniso lokuthi uPawulu 1 Sasingekho isizathu sokuba abe nomhawu noma kwenzondo inzalo engumlanjwana, njengoba engekho omunye noma abanye izinhlungu ayengakaze azizwe ngaphambili uthando lukamama. Wammema ukuba Petersburg, futhi le ncwadi yathi ukuthi kusukela manje Aleksey Grigorevich Bobrinsky ongeza dolobha ukuphuma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi akuthandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMbusi akhiphe iziyalezo yayakhiwe ngesithunzi ukubala sika. Ngakho, notorious Russian osopolitiki, ojenene nezimboni kanye abalobi Bobrinsky - amagrafu, wathola isihloko isihlobo sakhe - uMbusi uPawulu 1.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

1 UPawulu futhi wanquma ukuphindela Bobrinsky share yalo efanele wefa Orlov futhi anikezwe Petersburg uyise commandery indlu Gdov wesifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosuku wokugcotshwa kwakhe, umbusi uqobo wamkhuphulela jikelele ezinkulu. Kodwa Bala Bobrinsky, isithombe kusuka portrait okhombisa ifana eqinile noCatherine 2, ayikuthandi lempi. Ngakho-ke, ngemva konyaka wacelwa umhlalaphansi futhi wanquma ukuthatha ukulima. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yonke indawo Ukubala Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk ngomunye yokuchuma okukhulu futhi okuyisibonelo eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi uMajor General wahlanganyela mineralogy kanye astronomy, ngisho wakha isithabathaba somuzi e Observatory yayo wedolobha encane.

Bobrinsky (amagrafu)

Through the ndodana engumlanjwana ka Ukubala Orlova Ekaterina 2 kwadingeka abazukulu ezine, phakathi okuyinto emfanele isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe Aleksey Alekseevich Bobrinsky wenza kuchwepheshe odumile emkhakheni wezolimo futhi umsunguli ukukhiqizwa yezimboni sugar beet eRussia. Ayikho ngaphansi abadumile kwaba umfowabo omncane - Vasily, owayengomunye ngowokuqala angene Southern Umphakathi we Decembrists. Kwaziqondanela nje ukuba ujabule ngosuku okwenzeka Petersburg Disemba kuvukela, wayengumuntu nomkhaya wakhe e-Paris, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kungabi khona muntu oboshwayo. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Russia, wayematasa imisebenzi estestvoispytatelskoy futhi umsebenzi wokusiza abantu, ikakhulukazi endaweni lemfundvo yesive.

Bobrinskys Manor namuhla

Ngo-1933, ifa uhlobo Count ezidumile sika ayesephendulwe isakhiwo Museum, okuyinto ingenye ezikhangayo esemqoka Tula esifundeni. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe enkulu kunazo - Palace of the Ibala Bobrinskys, nokuchaza wendawo Lore Museum, ethuneni komkhaya, izinkanyezi kanye epaki zikanokusho, ithuthukiswe kwekhulu le-18. It kwalondolozwa njengemiBhalo esontweni, lakhiwa iminyaka 1774-1778 ubuphansi.

Bogoroditsk Museum Collection

Imisebenzi yobuciko kanye ahlukahlukene rarity nesithakazelo ngisho umnikazi ngowokuqala izindlu. Ngakho-ke, iqoqo ayehlangana Bala Bobrinsky (indodana ka-Catherine 2), futhi kwaba yisisekelo ezimalini eziyinkimbinkimbi Museum e Bogoroditsk. Namuhla ihlanganisa izinto latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Phakathi eyigugu kakhulu avele okulandelayo:

• iqoqo kwezazi izilwane skeleton of the Pleistocene okuqinisekile;
• izinsalela bemivubukulo ezifana itshe eksisi Bronze Age;
• esaphila izinhlelo imisebenzi K. E. Tsiolkovskogo;
• izimpahla zabo kwamalungu Bobrinskys bohlobo.

Bobrinskys Palace

Izivakashi ngokuvakashela Tula esifundeni, qiniseka ukuncoma ukuvakashela e Bogoroditsk. Kutholwe kukhona futhi esigodlweni, epaki Ensemble ukudalwa wezakhiwo odumile I. E. Starova futhi isibonelo esihle kakhulu bokwakha kokuphela kwenkathi Catherine. Namuhla kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi Ukubala Bobrinsky Bogoroditsk esigodlweni yabhidlika kabana phakathi neMpi Yezwe II - kuphela ingxenye izindonga wasala ke. Ngenxa sokubuyiselwa imisebenzi ebanzi kwenziwe maphakathi nawo-1970, leli bhuloho elihle yezakhiwo libuyiselwe, kanye Interiors ziye recreated kusuka lokusinda imidwebo bokuzibonela. By the way, ukwazi ambalwa ifa Ukubala Bobrinskys wayaziwa kahle Lvu Tolstomu, ohlala Yasnaya Polyana etholakala eduze lezi zindawo. By endleleni, kuwo owachaza lesi sifo ngo "Anna Karenina" njengoba izindlu Alekseya Vronskogo. Futhi Bala Bobrinsky Museum Bogoroditsk iqhaza emncintiswaneni Zonke-Russian "7 Wonders of Russia", okuyinto lwalwenziwa 2007-2008. Futhi-semi final!

Bahamba Tula esifundeni, qiniseka uzame ukuvakashela Ukubala Bobrinsky Museum, ogama isakhiwo yitshe eliyigugu kweqiniso lathumela, njalo abatshazwe yizivakashi abangafuni ulindele ukubona ubukhazikhazi enjalo esifundazweni.