"Azithromycin" izingane: imfundo manual, ukubuyekezwa

Endabeni ka izifo nzima ukuthi ayikwazi ukuphatha imithi elwa namagciwane based penicillin akuzange kusize, odokotela ukunquma "azithromycin". Ezinganeni (yokusetshenziswa ubhekisela kulo) isidakamizwa kunomphumela enamandla kakhulu, kwezinye izimo uma ungalawulwa, uphazamise okwamanje bakheké ngokuphelele umzimba, ngakho ukuthatha kunesidingo ngemithamo ubuncane.

Khipha ifomu kanye nokwakheka

Ekwakhiweni siqukethe ikhemikhali asebenzayo futhi excipients asizayo azithromycin ngawo ukunikeza amaphilisi ngendlela evamile. Futhi sibonga lezi izinto esikuthola izidakamizwa kangcono.

Ngenxa ezibanzi spectrum-antibiotic zisebenzisa elithile ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ukukhululwa zomuthi elisetshenziswa kwemithi yesimanje:

• Hard gelatine amaphilisi nge blue isivalo umzimba futhi okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphakathi okuyinto omhlophe noma ogodweni powder ophuzi (noma mass ohlangene). Uma ucindezela ikhefu. Amaphilisi eziqukethwe Ngaphezu isithako esebenzayo, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate kanye magnesium stearate.
• "Azithromycin" (125) yokusetshenziswa izingane uchaza amaphilisi ifilimu camera okwesibhakabhaka, umumo isiyingi, biconcave. Ngakolunye uhlangothi banalo umbhalo "PLIVA", ngakolunye - "125". Uma zephuke ungabona ukuthi ekuqa- amaphilisi emhlophe. It siqukethe le adjuvants ezilandelayo: i-calcium anhydrous hydrogen phosphate, hypromellose, corn isitashi, microcrystalline cellulose, isitashi pregelatinized, sodium lauryl sulfate kanye magnesium stearate.
• Izidakamizwa "Azithromycin" izingane imfundo on isicelo uncoma indlela ukumiswa, ngakho Pharmacy Ungathenga powder esikhethekile ekuwulungiseleleni nge cherry noma banana nephunga.

Izindleko ukwanda-antibiotic kuncike okuqukethwe lomcebo asebenzayo.

izici kwemithi

"Azithromycin" libhekisela imithi elwa namagciwane ezibanzi-bohlu. Lapho lokuhlala eliphezulu njengesigaba esiphambili kulezo ukuvuvukala kwenzeka kokufa nezilwanyana ezincane.

Iningi ebucayi emuthini igremu-HIV cocci: Streptococcus pneumoniae, amaqembu Streptococcus CF futhi G, Staphylococcus aureus, St Pyogenes, St Viridans, St agalactiae; Gram-negative amagciwane: Moraxella catarrhalis, uH Ducrei, haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Bordetella pertussis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, B. Parapertussis, Gardnerella vaginalis futhi Campylobacter jejuni; anaerobic eziphilayo: chlamydia trachomatis, Bacteroides bivius, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Peptostreptococcus SPP, Clostridium perfringens, Borrelia burgdoferi, Treponema pallidum, futhi Mycoplasma pneumoniae. amagciwane Gram-HIV amelana erythromycin, ama-antibiotic is kuguquka ifomu esingasebenzi.

Pharmacokinetics

"Azithromycin" izingane (yokusetshenziswa ubhekisela kulo) ngokushesha ugxile kusukela ipheshana emathunjini ngenxa ukumelana naphakathi esidi lipophilicity. Ngokushesha yasakazwa kulo lonke umzimba. Kalula lihlaba hhayi kuphela kwi-ipheshana zokuphefumula, izicubu zomzimba ezithambile kanye isikhumba, kodwa futhi isiwe kwezinye izitho zomzimba ipheshana urogenital. Ngenxa yalokho, i-esibophezelayo eliphansi azithromycin futhi serum amaprotheni, Ukungena ikhono ku amaseli eukaryotic futhi lokuhlushwa i-medium ehambisana pH ongaphakeme, lysosomes kwemvelo anda isikhathi isigamu-nokuphila kanye okuhlushwa ezicutshini.

Konke lokhu inquma ivolumu eliphakeme yokusabalalisa (31.1 amalitha kg) kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu plasma imvume. Ukuze ukubhujiswa Amagciwane intracellular ka okumqoka yikhono "Azithromycin" buthelela ngokuqondile lysosomes.

Ngenxa phagocytes izidakamizwa uthola kusayithi ukutheleleka, lapho eyakhishwa ngo inqubo phagocytosis. Ngemva 12-72 amahora wokungenisa focus ukuvuvukala ibangelwa emakamu eliphezulu zomuthi, okuyinto siphezulu kunamanye ubuncane lokuhlushwa inhibitory yokutheleleka Amagciwane.

Njengoba sekushiwo, inqubo isigamu-nokuphila isikhathi eside, ngakho, isibonelo, zidinga amahora 60 kuya 76 ukususa ngendwangu. okuhlushwa amagciwane zomuthi lilondolozwe ezizindeni ukuvuvukala izinsuku 5-7 emva komthamo zokugcina, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imithi elwa namagciwane olulodwa ngosuku, imithi oyinikiwe akuyona isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto.

Ekhombisa "Azithromycin" ogxile e Bile, futhi kumane nje kuyingxenye encane - uma uchama.

Izinkomba yokwamukelwa

"Azithromycin" yokusetshenziswa we nezingane bakhuthazwa ukuba baphakamise e zezifo ezithathelwanayo namakhambi ukuvuvukala, okuyinto libangelwa amagciwane ukungenwa azithromycin. Izifo ezihlala zihlanganisa: i-pneumonia, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, sinusitis, pharyngitis, izicubu zomzimba ezithambile kanye tesikhumba, namathansela, otitis abezindaba, isifo saseLyme ne urethritis. Ukuze esolwa inyumoniya nodokotela bezingane bathambekele ngokushesha antibiotic, ngisho ngaphandle imiphumela-X-ray luhlolo. Ukwelashwa yalesi sifo kufanele kuqale ngesikhathi esihle, kungenjalo ungase ubhekane nemiphumela ngeshwa kakhulu. I-antibiotic Kulezo zimo kuyakhethwa ikhumbula zonke izimpawu, pathogen nezinsolo futhi isithombe emtholampilo iyonke. Ekunqumeni elibangela lesi sifo, engu-ingane kunakwe. Uma i-pneumonia okusolwa e ingane abaneminyaka 1 kuya 6 izinyanga ke. cishe, agent - of Staphylococcus aureus, kusukela ngonyaka owodwa iminyaka eyisithupha - Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nge zombili izinhlobo zama-bacterium ngempumelelo lwempi "Azithromycin".

nokushintsha kokudla nokufakwa

Isimiso ukwelashwa kuzoncika isifo, kodwa umthamo Imininingwane kufanele kugcinwe. Udokotela angase akunikeze imithi lesi sidakamizwa "Azithromycin" izingane. Yokusetshenziswa evumela amaphilisi ukuthatha abadala kuphela ngoba aqukethe mg 250 500 lomcebo iyasebenza, futhi leli nani ibalwa mass kunalokho enkulu. Iqiniso lokuthi amaphilisi kufanele kugwinywe lonke, akulungile ukusiqeda noma ugaye ngenxa yalokho ngakho abakwazi ukugcina umthamo Kunconywa ukusetshenziswa yesikhathi esisodwa (10 mg / kg). Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi intsha njengoba ejenti elwa namagciwane iqondiswa "Azithromycin" (125). Yokusetshenziswa izingane ithebhulethi ivimbela ukuthatha iminyaka engu-12, bakwazi esikhundleni isiraphu noma ukumiswa.

Ukuze ekwelapheni acute ukuvuvukala izifo umgudu, otitis, inyumoniya esimisiwe olulodwa umthamo izidakamizwa (10 mg / kg). Izidakamizwa "Azithromycin" (125) yokusetshenziswa izingane amaphilisi incoma ukuthi kuphela sifikile abaneminyaka engu-14. Ukwelashwa Izingane wenziwa kuphela usebenzisa slurry.

Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi 5 amagremu isiraphu "Sumamed" (ithisipuni) nezinye analogs ekwakhiweni zaziqukethe 125 mg lomcebo asebenzayo. Ngakho, umthamo ejwayelekile izingane ezindala kuyinto 1-2 wezipuni, kuye ngokuthi isisindo. Phakathi nezinsuku ezine ezilandelayo ukwelashwa kuqhubeka, kodwa ngesikhathi umthamo ofanayo kuyehla kube 5 mg / kg. Endabeni ka yokugula okunzima umthamo kungenzeka kabili, kodwa usesimweni esinjalo, ukusetshenziswa-antibiotic Kuvumeleke kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa onguchwepheshe. Ukulungiselela "Azithromycin" kungenzeka (125) yokusetshenziswa izingane ezisetshenziswa kuphela uma ethola kanye noma kabili ngesikhathi umthamo 30 mg esisindo / kg.

Izimo

Izidakamizwa "Azithromycin" izingane imfundo manual unqabela ukala amakhilogremu esingaphansi emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is contraindicated in iziguli hypersensitivity kuya izingxenye eziqukethwe Ukwakheka kunoma iyiphi enye imithi elwa namagciwane macrolide. Lesi sidakamizwa noma kunjalo akumelwe lisetshenziswe isibindi ezinzima futhi nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso.

Overdose futhi side effects

Kulabo omama abasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "Azithromycin" izingane, yokusetshenziswa (kobufakazi nesineke mayelana nokusebenzisa imithi ngokweqile zifana okwethulwa kulesi impahla) inikeza uhlu engemihle. On the ingxenye lymph uhlelo kanye egazi angagcina trombotsipenii.

Iziguli manifest ulaka, hyperactivity, uvalo nokukhathazeka. Kusukela isimiso sezinzwa Isiyezi, Ukudlikizela, ikhanda elibuhlungu, somnolence, ngisho niphele amandla. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izidakamizwa kubangela ukuqwasha, ukukhathala, paresthesias, bezibona futhi aphazamiseke kakhulu kuzo iphunga nokunambitheka.

Njalo macrolides (iqembu izidakamizwa, ngesisekelo isakhiwo amakhemikhali okuyinto aphume ashone macrocyclic 14- noma 16-membered lactone indandatho enamathiselwe carbohydrate izinsalela), futhi 'okungokwabantu azithromycin "kuholele ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa. Akuvamile, kodwa namanje kunemiphumela emibi uhlamvu dyspeptic nokuzivelelayo komzimba.

"Azithromycin" imfundo on isicelo evumela izingane ukusebenzisa, kodwa izingane izidakamizwa zingafundwa kuphela ngesimo ukumiswa. Izingane ezindala ukulingana kanye capsule uhlobo lo muthi. Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo umuthi, udinga ukuthola imvume kadokotela futhi ufunde imiyalelo iphakheji Faka ngokucophelela.

Mayelana ukweqisa izidakamizwa kungase kubonise uhudo, zesikhashana ubuthulu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Uma kwenzeka yokudlula ngemithamo ezinconyiwe kumele ngokushesha engahashazanga esiswini, bese uqhubekela phambili ukwelashwa lingaze.

Izixwayiso

Ukusetshenziswa "Azithromycin" ngesikhathi ukhulelwe engathandeki kakhulu, kodwa eyamukelekayo uma kungekhona ukuthi akwenzeki ukuyisebenzisa ukusiza owesifazane (izidakamizwa nomthelela wokukhula kwengane esiswini ngesikhathi 100% engakaze wafunda). Isikhathi lactation lapho esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemithi elwa namagciwane uphazamise ibele.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ungcono ukukhetha analog "Azithromycin".

Ukuphuza utshwala akuphazamisi isinyathelo zomuthi, Nokho ukusetshenziswa kwalo wawuhlanganisa nganoma yisiphi isifo. Ngakho-ke, inani utshwala idliwe Kunconywa ukunciphisa ukuze esiphezulu, futhi ngisho kangcono ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngokuphelele.

izidakamizwa ekuhlanganyeleni

Ngemva kokuthola lezi "Azithromycin" ne antacids aqukethe calcium, magnesium kanye ne-aluminium, wehlisa ijubane ukumuncwa lo muthi, Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuba bagcine isikhawu angu-2 phakathi ngemithamo le mithi.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalesi izidakamizwa kwamanye imithi elwa namagciwane macrolide - akukho ukuxhumana ohlelweni cytochrome. Ngakho-ke, lapho ezithathwe nge "theophylline", "carbamazepine", "Digoxin", "terfenadine" futhi "triazolam" ayikho nokuxhumana.

Uma izidakamizwa isetshenziswa nge "warfarin", kubalulekile ukuqapha isikhathi prothrombin.

Lincosamides ukunciphisa ukuphumelela-antibiotic kanye chloramphenicol ne-tetracycline anda.

Imibandela kanye nemigomo

I-antibiotic kufanele agcinwe kude nezingane ezingeni lokushisa kuze kube degrees 25. On the ukuphila eshalofini of ebufakazini obutholakalayo ukuze lesi sidakamizwa "Azithromycin" (izingane), imfundo manual. Ukumiswa uzilungiselele singasetshenziswa ligcinwe izinsuku ezingu-5, powder ngokwayo - engu-2, kanye amaphilisi kanye amaphilisi - kuze kube iminyaka engu-3.

Analogs nemibono iziguli

Labo wasebenzisa "Azithromycin" izingane (yokusetshenziswa amaphilisi akunconywa ukuthatha ezinganeni), washiya Izibuyekezo ikakhulukazi omuhle. Emva komthamo wokuqala we-antibiotic angawodwa intuthuko enohlonze, bese bedlulela phambili.

Ngu analogue zomuthi zihlanganisa "Azitsin", "Zomax," "Sumamed", "Azitral", "Azaks", "Zitroks" nabanye.