Amasonto oMdala Russia - isithombe kanye nencazelo

Stone amasonto lasendulo waqala ukwakha ngemva ukwamukelwa kobuKristu njengoba inkolo isimo Russia. Bakhandwa lokuqala elakhiwa lamadolobha amakhulu - Kiev, uVladimir futhi Novgorod. amasonto ababhishobhi abaningi baye basinda futhi ezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu yezakhiwo.

Imininingwane zomlando

Old isimo Russian yayina kakhulu ngesikhathi kubusa Vladimira Velikogo nendodana yakhe Yaroslava Mudrogo. Ngonyaka 988 ezamenyezelwa inkolo isimo ubuKristu. Lokhu kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukuqhubeka ubudlelwane amakhosi asendulo, ekuqiniseni ubunye ezweni, bachuma Impucuko, ukunwetshwa ubuhlobo BoMbuso WaseByzantium nezinye imibuso yaseYurophu. Ukulandela ukwamukelwa kobuKristu eRussia wayeseqala ukwakha amasonto itshe lasendulo. Ukuze umsebenzi abamenyiwe abaculi lencono sikhatsi sakhe, wasebenzisa impumelelo kwezobuciko futhi lobuchwepheshe kwenkathi.

Eyokuqala itshe isonto - Okweshumi - Kwakhiwa maphakathi Kiev ngaphansi uVladimir Elikhulu. Phakathi ukwakhiwa yayo isikhulu wakwazi kakhulu ukuqinisa umuzi futhi andise insimu yalo.

isitayela WaseByzantium bokwakha

amasonto oMdala Russia ngokuvamile kakhulu nomklamo walo okusikhumbuza amasonto WaseByzantium. Kodwa ngokushesha le imodeli art waqala ukuthatha izici kazwelonke.

Church of the Okweshumi kwaba isonto cross-oluyingungu. Nesimo esifanayo futhi kwadingeka Chernigov Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral, Sofia Kiev nabanye.

Cabangela izici isici amasonto WaseByzantium:

• amasonto Cross-oluyingungu babe ukwakhiwa isipikili Dome, esiqiniswa amakholomu amane. Ngezinye izikhathi bajoyine ngaphezulu ezimbili (i-namasayizi amakhulu).
• amasonto sidilizwa sifana iphiramidi.
• Ukuze ukwakhiwa amathempeli esetshenziswa izitini ekhethekile oluthile - plinfy ukuthi uxhumeke nge tsemyanki.
• Lwe-Windows, njengoba umthetho, yiba ambalwa ukuvuleka futhi lwaleli.
• Ukunakwa main wagxilisa ingaphakathi isonto. Ukwakheka Rich ngaphandle lingekho.

izici Isici izakhiwo zasendulo

Russia ababhishobhi yasendulo yayakhiwa imodeli WaseByzantium. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izakhiwo usezuze izici zayo kazwelonke.

• Amathempeli babe WaseByzantium okuningi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sakha zemibukiso ezengeziwe emhlabeni isakhiwo esikhulu.
• Kunalokho, ikholomu central ukusebenzisa izinsika krestopodobnye ngaphezulu.
• ngezinye izikhathi Plinfa sithathelwe indawo itshe.
• Scenic design isitayela wakhala graphic nge sikhathi.
• C XII. ayisetshenziswa kwemibhoshongo nemipheme hhayi non embozwe ohlangothini.

UZandile Cathedral

lombhishobhi sidilizwa yakhiwa kuleli inkathi eliphakeme kwempahla Kievan Rus. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke isisekelo St Sophia kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni 1017 noma ngo-1037.

Leli thempeli sanikezelwa ukuhlakanipha emfundisweni yobuKristu futhi ezihlelelwe ukuqinisa nangobukhulu inkolo entsha. Ezinsukwini Russia bazinza lapha isikhungo amasiko nezenhlalo yenhloko-dolobha. Leli thempeli esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe abanye amathempeli itshe, izigodlo nezingadi izakhiwo abavamile ezisemadolobheni.

Ekuqaleni kwakuwumuzi ezinhlanu-asolwandle cross-oluyingungu isakhiwo. Engaphandle igalari. ukwakhiwa kodonga yayakhiwe ngezitini ezibomvu futhi plinths. UZandile Cathedral, kanye namanye amasonto lasendulo isiRashiya, waba ehlotshiswe nezipani ehlukahlukene nemengamo. I igcwele ingaphakathi nge nemidwebo amahle yamatshe eyayibhalwe. Konke wanikeza umbono elihle kakhulu nobukhulukazi. Cathedral ngesineke ezinye amakhosi edume kunazo WaseByzantium.

UZandile Cathedral - isikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele bokwakha Ukraine walondoloza ngemva amaMongol ahlasele e 1240.

Church of the lokulabhela Virgin

Isonto, elise loMfula eMfuleni Nerl ingenye zodumo ezweni Suzdal. Ithempeli lakhiwa Andreem Bogolyubskim ekhulwini XII. yokudumisa iholidi entsha eRussia - nokuVikelwa Virgin. Njengezinye amasonto amaningi asendulo Russian, lelibandla kuyinto isakhiwo cross-oluyingungu ezinsikeni ezine. Lesi sakhiwo egqamile kakhulu futhi kulula. Nemidwebo yesonto ungazange ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla, njengoba abhidlizwa ngesikhathi kuvuselelwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX.

Ezibiyele eMoscow

Moscow ezibiyele - edume kunazo futhi endala lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kuleli dolobha yaseRussia. Ngokusho yetinsita inqaba lokuqala lokhuni Yakhiwa ngisho nalapho Yuri Dolgoruky ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII. amasonto Yasendulo ezibiyele kukhona edume kunazo eRussia futhi namanje izivakashi nge ubuhle bayo.

Assumption Cathedral

Leli thempeli okokuqala itshe e Moscow - Assumption. Lakhiwa umakhi Italian phakathi nokubusa Ivan III endaweni esiphezulu ezibiyele egqumeni. Ngokuvamile, isakhiwo iyafana namanye amasonto lasendulo Russian: imodeli cross-Dome, izinsika eziyisithupha futhi Izahluko ezinhlanu. Isisekelo ukwakhiwa kanye design sathathwa Assumption Church uVladimir. Izindonga zazakhiwe ujantshi izibopho (esikhundleni se-okhi esivamile), okuyinto kwaba eseyintsha eRussia.

Assumption Cathedral yayihloselwe agcizelele ubukhulu Muscovy futhi ukubonisa amandla ayo. Kube yayiqhutshelwa emakomidini emasontfo labakhona lamuhla, akhethwe Metropolitan, ashade wokubusa ababusi Russian.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Ngesikhathi lapho eMoscow wayesalokhu ubukhulu elincane esakhiweni lwethempeli we Annunciation Cathedral lasendulo. kwakhiwa isakhiwo esisha saqala ngo-1484. Ukuze isakhiwo sayo abaklami Russian kusukela Pskov bamenyiwe. Ngo-August 1489, i-ezimhlophe rose trehkupolny ethempelini, sizungezwe igalari esikhulu ezinhlangothini ezintathu.
Uma Assumption Cathedral laliyisikhungo benkolo ubukhulu, lapho kunemikhosi yenkolo nezombusazwe nakakhulu, Annunciation kwakuwukubonakaliswa okunjani royal house isonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waqhubeka yengcebo isimo ababusi okukhulu.

Cathedral of Ingelosi Eyinhloko

Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo lasendulo uyithempeli-ethuneni lapho uthuli lilondolozwe Russian abavelele. Lapha bangcwatshwe Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy, Ivan Grozny, Vasiliy Temny, Vasiliy Shuysky nabanye.

Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral lakhiwa 1508 by wezakhiwo Italian Aleviz. INkosi ifika ngo-Moscow ngokumenywa Ivan III.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le esontweni Ekulu akanjalo Ngaphanga amanye amabandla asendulo etholakala ku Red Square. Ukhumbuza isakhiwo wokuziphilisa, umklamo zazo zikhona Motifs lasendulo. Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral isakhiwo cross-oluyingungu emihlanu oluyingungu elinamakholomu eziyisithupha. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa okokuqala emlandweni izakhiwo Russian incwadi yokuboshwa ezimbili abaphuma for olungaphambili lwesonto design yayisetshenziswa.

Church of the Ascension e Kolomenskoye

Ibandla lakhiwa 1532 yokudumisa lokuzalwa Ivana Groznogo. Beka isakhiwo amahle loMfula eMoscow. Ascension Church ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka nezinye amasonto Russian. Ngesimo ke ilingana-cross futhi imodeli wokuqala hip izakhiwo eRussia.