Amagilebhisi: zokutshala umdwebo entwasahlobo

Namuhla amagilebhisi is emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa, ke yaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi esiphundu futhi unempilo amajikijolo iwayini enkulu ukuthi senziwa winemakers. Hlakulela yaqala eGibhithe lasendulo nalapho eMesophothamiya ku 5-6 yeminyaka BC, kodwa wabonakala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba umuntu abe.

Namuhla, kunamabandla 8,000 izinhlobonhlobo zomvini, okuyinto uneminyaka engu 10 000 kulinywe ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe zinhlobo ayo - American, wase-East Asian futhi Eurasia. Abalimi bavame isifuba sakhe endaweni yabo noma ukudala enhle yamagilebhisi nemengamo ezinkantolo.

Kukhethwa indawo zokutshala

amaholide abaningi baphupha ukuba kusayithi wakhula amagilebhisi esihlwabusayo futhi unempilo. Isikimu wokutshala lesi sihlahla iqala nge choice kwesokudla indawo. Okunqumayo izimo zezulu bese indawo ngesakhiwo:

• Uma ihlobo omile futhi akukho kungenzeka ukuthambisa njalo, kungenzeka ukuba ahlele isivini endaweni esondelene kakhulu komhlaba.
• Lapho ehlobo epholile, amagilebhisi kudingeke uzabalaze ukuze ukushisa, ngakho-ke ungagcina emhlabeni ezihlabayo ukutshala izihlahla ezokwenza uyibambe.
• Isikimu ukutshala kwamagilebhisi esikhamweni kunomswakama kudinga emthambekeni zemvelo noma inqwaba for komoya okuhle. Nezihlahla kufanele itshalwe yonkana yona kwenhlabathi, okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi ayakhala, esingakaze sidonse phansi.
• Ngokuvamile abalimi uncamela ukutshala imivini eduze kwendlu. zokutshala isikimu kulokhu eqala ibanga okungenani kusukela isakhiwo 2 m. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukuvikela isisekelo kusuka ngokuhlaziya.

Ezibalulekile Ezingafundwa ikusasa i isivuno sasiyoba sikhulu kangakanani inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala amagilebhisi.

ukulungiselela umhlabathi

Icebo wokutshala amagilebhisi entwasahlobo eqala ukulungiselela kokwehla imigodi. Ngenxa yalesi sitshalo loam elifaneleka kangcono futhi loam sandy we emhlabeni, kodwa futhi nezinye izinhlobo inhlabathi kungabuye kwaguqulwa. Ukuze mhlabathi omnyama, isibonelo, engeza isihlabathi ngokwanele nomanyolo, kanye nokukhula ngokushesha izithombo enikeziwe.

Ukulungiselela imigodi nokutshala kumele kwenziwe noma iwe, noma amasonto 3-6 ngaphambi kokutshala cuttings. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, emgodini ziyohlala, futhi wenza ukuba kuyothiwa kufakwe umanyolo inhlabathi futhi embula it.

Kahle wemba umgodi, njengoba kuboniswe yamagilebhisi zokutshala iphethini (isithombe ngezansi), kufanele abe nemingcele 60h60h60 cm noma ngaphezulu. Lapho ngemba emgodini evundile ungqimba kufanele sibekelwe zalisa. Kwenze elula, ukuxuba inhlabathi humus, nophiso umlotha. Isendlalelo ephansi ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlalwane futhi isihlabathi futhi ibekwe phansi imigodi phezu ungqimba elilandelayo 20-25 cm - .. evundile avundiswa ingxube omunye 20-25 cm kulandelwa ukulungiselela okokusebenza zokutshala.

Ilungiselela izithombo kanye cuttings

Isikimu 2 kuhilela okutshalwe yamagilebhisi indlela - cuttings noma izithombo.

Ukutshala cuttings ubucwepheshe yayo:

• Chibouk yamagilebhisi kumele isivuno sokuqala. Kuze kube yimanje, ngommese obukhali anqunywe engxenyeni engezansi eduze eyelet phansi, futhi phezulu ngakwesokunxele 2-3 cm ngaphezu kwesiqongo eyelet imivini.
• Ukwabelana kuyadingeka ukuze bathele umswakama, ubekwa emanzini ahlanzekile izinsuku 2.
• Ngemva shank wagcwala amanzi, engxenyeni engenhla kufanele wasigcobhoza ku upharafini ezibunjiwe, bese efakwa ukukhula ivuselela aphansi eyenziwe 1 isipuni uju 1 litre amanzi. Sifakwe emanzini isixazululo cuttings ngosuku.

Ngemva kwalokho, le shank kungenziwa watshala ukulungele zokutshala imbobo. Ukuze cuttings lihluma ngokushesha, ungakwazi ukufeza umsebenzi wokulungiselela ngo-February, okuwenza aqondane e izinkomishi epulasitiki noma amabhodlela. Ngemva enifeza msebenzi wokulungiselela entwasahlobo endle ngeke kube inkinga ukutshala amagilebhisi. zokutshala uhlelo iqala ukulungiswa isitsha:

• Sifanele sehlise entanyeni ibhodlela futhi wenze izimbobo phansi.
• Ezansi wathela amanzi, futhi phezu kwalo 7-8 art. nezinkezo pochvosmesi.
• Ukwabelana usufakwa ibhodlela ufafaze sawdust steamed.
• Escape ukumboza inkomishi plastic awubeka sill iwindi ohlangothini libalele, zokuphaka ukusika iso ngefasitela.
• Amabhodlela kufanele bafake ugqoko kanye bethwele ayakhala, wawathela emanzini ukuze 0.5 cm.

Amathini, amabhodlela kungekho isidingo ukususa kuze amahlumela ngeke kuzo eduze. Izinga lokushisa, esidingeka ukutshala izithombo kuyinto +20 ... +25 degrees. Ngakho, ngesikhathi kokwehla evulekile phansi chibouks ukunikeza nezimpande eziqinile nemivini ngokushesha ukuya ukukhula.

Ukutshala izithombo amagilebhisi

Isikimu zokutshala izithombo amagilebhisi ezinzima elula. Uma ukulungele zokutshala emgodini ngaleso izimpande izithombo ukuba usike, kusale cm 10-15 kuphela ubude. Phakathi ukutshala kubalulekile ukuzisabalalisa ngokulinganayo phezu phansi emgodini at ibanga 35-45 cm ebusweni.

Vine Kunconywa ummango e indlela yokuthuthuka wayo. Lokhu kuzosiza vimbela sezihlahla abasha ebusika, inclining ukuba phansi.

Izimpande embozwe ingxube ngaphambilini walungisa zomhlaba futhi ngokucophelela uthele amanzi afudumele. Ngokuvamile ngokwanele 2-3 amabhakede ke inhlabathi mulching 5 cm Peat noma utshani oqoshiwe utshani.

Uma ngesisekelo kunokwenzeka frost, izitshalo kumele amboze amabhokisi ngobusuku obubodwa leyakhiwe ngemabhokisi noma ifilimu plastic, baze udlondlobale.

Ukunakekela amagilebhisi emva kokutshala

Ufuna yokutshala amagilebhisi okumnandi? Isikimu sokudlulisa zokutshala izithombo akugcini esikhathini ekhanyayo. Kubalulekile lokunakekela kahle cuttings abasha:

• Amagilebhisi uthanda inhlabathi okuxekethile nobuhlobo komoya okuhle, ngakho ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze athambise umhlabathi.
• Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi impande, ukuze singathwesi inhlabathi subsidence iphutha. Emavikini okuqala amabili emva kokutshala simila idinga ukuchelela ngokukhethekile. Njengoba kubalulekile ukuzivumelanisa nesimo lesisha. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo futhi uchichima, ikakhulu uma isimo sezulu esomile.
• Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izithombo abasha lutho ukufihla, ngoba badinga eningi kwelanga ekwandeni ngokushesha kwesizwe.
• amahlamvu Young adinga ukuvundiswa kweqanda ngaphezulu, okungase ukukhiqiza urea. I sishaye sokuqala Kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho amahlamvu uyomenzela, olandelayo - emva 2 amaviki, abantu bayoba nini ukukhula kakhulu imivini. Ngaphezu kwalokho sishaye isikimu zonke izinsuku ezingu-30, kwaze kwaba maphakathi September.

Kuphethe lezi zinyathelo ezilula njalo, emva kweminyaka 2, ungathola ezihlabayo eqinile nenempilo, kanti eyesithathu ukuqoqa isivuno okuqinile.

zokuvimbela

Ukuze umvini abasha zikhule ngokugcwele, kufanele bavikelwe nezilokazane nezifo, ikakhulukazi isikhutha. ezihlabayo Abasha badinga isikhathi esithe entwasahlobo olufuthwe nge isixazululo zethusi sulphate at 100 g 10 amalitha amanzi.

Summer sishaye Kwenziwa necebo (25 g ngo 10 wamalitha amanzi) Polychrome ukuze prophylaxis nangemva imvula ngamunye. Lokhu ukuqaphela uyobavikela izitshalo ezifweni fungal kanye bola.