Ama-Platelets: okujwayelekile kubantu besifazane ngokudala (itafula). Izimbangela zezinto ezingavamile

Ama-platelets amangqamuzana egazi abamba iqhaza kwinqubo ye-thrombosis ne-hemostasis. Benza indima ebalulekile emzimbeni, evikela ukulimala kwamathambo nokuphuma kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlale ucwaninga futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa emithethweni emisiwe. Ihlaziya ukuthi yiziphi amaplatelets azinqunywe, inqubo evamile kwabesifazane ngebudala, itafula lezinkomba kuzo kanye nezingane, okujwayelekile kumadoda, izizathu zokuphambuka zifakwe kule ndaba.

Indima yamaplatele emzimbeni

Ama-platelet amaseli afana namapulethi amancane aso. Indima yabo eyinhloko emzimbeni ukuvikelwa ekulahlekelweni kwegazi. Lapho umonakalo ubonakalisiwe, ama-platelets aqondiswa ngokushesha endaweni ewonakele. Ukuxhumeka komunye nomunye, bakha umgoqo, ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu umsebenzi wokuzivikela , amaplatelet anikezela isimo segazi esiphuthumayo, futhi ahlakaze i-thrombi eyakhiwe.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqhuba njalo ukuhlaziywa kwamaplatelet egazini. Ukujwayelekile, ukuphakama, ukwehla kwamagugu, kanye nezizathu zokuphambana kwamakholi ala maseli egazi kuchazwa ngezansi.

Ihlaziya ukuzimisela kwenani lamaplatelets

Ukuxilongwa kwegazi okulula okulula kwegazi kunganquma inani lamaplatelet. Uma imiphumela yenqatshelwe emithethweni, udokotela angancoma isiguli ukuba ahlolwe ngokujulile - i-coagulogram. Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile, ukwaziswa kuthathwe emunwe, ukuxilongwa okungeziwe kuhilela ukuqoqwa kwegazi elimnyama. Ukucacisa umphumela, isimiso esisekelwe samaplatelet kumadoda, besifazane, izingane zisetshenziswa.

Ngaphambi kokunye kwalokhu kuhlolwa, kufanele ulandele imithetho ejwayelekile yokulungiselela umnikelo wegazi:

• Kufanele kuphele izinsuku ezintathu ukugwema ukuphuza utshwala, ukudla okunamafutha okuthosiwe;
• Igazi linikezwa ngesisu esingenalutho;
• Kunconywa ukuqhuba isifundo ekuseni.

Ama-platelets: okuvamile kubantu besifazane ngokudala (itafula)

Kubantu abaningi, inqubo evamile ibhekwa njengezinkomba ezinjalo zezinhlamvu zamaplatelet egazini: kusuka ku 200 kuya ku-400 000 / μl. Kodwa kulabo besifazane, lapho behumusha imiphumela yokuhlaziywa, izici ezengeziwe, njengosuku lokuya esikhathini, ubudala kanye nesikhathi sosuku, kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ngenxa yalezi zimo kuncike ngesivinini lapho umzimba uveza amaplatelet.

Umkhuba wabesifazane ngokudala (itafula) ukhonjiswe ngezansi.

Ngaphezu kweminyaka yobudala, izici ezithinta isibalo seplatelet egazini yizici ezifana nokukhulelwa nokuya esikhathini. Esikhathini sokuqala, ivolumu yegazi ikhuphuka emzimbeni, amapulethi ayenawo isikhathi sokuthola imali edingekayo, ngakho ukwehla okuncane emiphakathini ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kuyinto evamile.

Phakathi nokukhishwa kwesifazane nyangazonke, kukhona ukulahlekelwa kwegazi emzimbeni, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwenani lamaplatelet. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenhla, ukwehlisa okwesikhashana ama-indices kuze kufike ku-150 000 / μl kuvunyelwe yiyona ndlela evamile yamaplatelet kubantu besifazane. Ukuphambene nokujwayelekile kuzosungulwa uma imiphumela yokuhlaziywa ibonisa inani lamaplatelets angaphansi kwamayunithi angu-150 nge-microliter ngayinye, futhi uma izinkomba ezinjalo zihlala zihlala njalo.

Phakathi nenkathi yokuya esikhathini nasesikhathini sokukhulelwa, inani lamaplatelet aphakathi kuka 150-320,000 / μL wegazi kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Abesifazane kudingeka bahlolwe njalo udokotela, balandele izincomo zakhe. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ngaphezu kokubona izinga elincishisiwe lama-platelets ngenxa yokuhlaziywa, kukhona nezikhalazo zesineke mayelana nesimo sempilo, izinqubo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga kufanele zenziwe ngokuphuthumayo ukuze zikhishwe izimo ezinzima zezempilo.

Incazelo yemiphumela

Ngendlela yomphumela wokuhlaziywa, ukuzimisela kokubalwa kweplatelet kuboniswa izifinyezo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Bakusho ukuthini? Incazelo etafuleni:

• I-MPV (ivolumu yeplatelet ekhomba) - leli xabiso libonisa inani leplatelet eliphakathi kwegazi lomuntu.
• I-PDW - ibonisa ububanzi obuseduze bokusakaza kweplatelet.
• I-PCT (critlet crit) - i-thrombocrit.
• Ama-platelet PLT - amazinga egazi emadodeni, abesifazane nezingane ngokuvamile aboniswa ku-PLT. Lesi sibalo sibonisa inani lala maseli egazini lomuntu. Uma ukuphambuka kutholakala kule nkomba, udokotela angase anikeze ukuhlolwa kwesibili.

Norm yamadoda

Emadodeni anezifundo ezijwayelekile ze-hematopoiesis, amaplatelet avuselelwa njalo njalo. Ngokuvamile, izinkomba kufanele zihambisane no-180-320,000 / μL. Uma umzimba wesifazane ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukuphambuka ngokwezinombolo zamaplatelets, khona-ke emadodeni ukuphuka okunjalo akumukeleki. Lapho kuhlaziywa ukuhlaziywa, isazi singenza isiqiniseko sokujwayelekile noma sikhombise ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi i-pathology kungenzeka kanjani ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokujikeleza.

Ama-platelets ezinganeni

Lapho eseyingane, imigomo yeplatelet ebala egazini ixhomeke eneminyaka yengane. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngokuya ngesimo esivamile, kuvunyelwe izinkomba eziningi ezahlukene, ezingabhekwa njengento evamile. Ukukhiqizwa okunamathela kwamaplatelets ngomzimba kukhula kuneminyaka engama-4.

Ithebula elingezansi lisiza ukucacisa umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwabantwana.

Izimbangela zamanani akhule

Ngakho-ke, safunda ukuthi yiziphi izitsha zamapulethi eziphakeme zegazi ezisho. Futhi izizathu zombuso onjalo zizokwethulwa ngokwengeziwe. Uma umphumela wokuhlaziywa ngokuzimisela kwamangqamuzana egazi okwembulwe okungajwayelekile, udokotela angasolula nje inkinga ethile yempilo. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, udinga isifundo esengeziwe sesibili noma ngaphezulu.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kabusha kokulethwa kokuhlaziywa kwembulwe izibalo zeplatelet ngokweqile, isazi singasolwa (siqinisekise) ukuphulwa okulandelayo esimweni sempilo yesiguli:

1. I-thrombosis eyinhloko (noma ukuphazanyiswa kwamangqamuzana omnyo wamathambo).
2. Izifo ezithathelwanayo (imvelaphi yegciwane, ibhaktheriya kanye nefungal).
3. Izinqubo zokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
4. I-necrosis yezicubu ezinzulu.
5. Ukwamukela imithi ethile ngesiguli.
6. Vula ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuphuma kwegazi.
7. Isifo se-oncological.
8. Ngemuva kokungenelela kokuhlinzwa (isibonelo, lapho ususa ipeni), inani lamaplatelets landa.

Izimbangela zamazinga aphansi

Isimo lapho igazi liqukethe inani elincishisiwe lamaplatelet libizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia. Ngokuvamile isifo esinjalo sibonakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zomuntu kanye nezitho zomntwana. Umphumela wokuhlaziywa wabonisa ukuthi amaplatelets angaphansi kwesimiso ingane? Izizathu zingaba okulandelayo:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus ngezifo ezithile;
• Ukungahambisani neqembu legazi le-fetus nomzimba womama;
• I-Asphyxia ngesikhathi sokusebenza;
• I-anemia ye-Congenital.

Ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4 nabantu abadala, izizathu zalesi simo zingaba okulandelayo:

• Izifo ezithathelwanayo;
• Ukudakwa komzimba;
• Ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-hemodialysis;
• Ukuphendula okukhulu kwe-allergen;
• I-oncology yegazi;
• Ukuphuza;
• Izifo zesistimu ye-autoimmune;
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile.

Ukuhlukanisa umphumela wokuhlaziywa kungaba kuphela ochwepheshe. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izici eziningi zithinta izinga umzimba okhiqiza amaplatelet. Isimiso sabesifazane ngokukhula, ithebula lezinkomba ezisungulwe ezinganeni, kanye nezinga lala maseli egazini lamadoda kufanele laziwe yilowo nalowo wesifo segazi.

Uma ukuphambuka kusuka emithethweni emisiwe kutholakala, kubalulekile ukuba uhlole ukuhlolwa kwesibili. Kuphela kule dokotela udokotela angaqinisekisa ukutholakala nokuthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Ukuze uvimbele izifo ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa kweplatelet engalungile, kufanele uqaphele ukudla okunomsoco, njalo uhlanganyele emisebenzini ye-cardio-operation (njengokugijima, ukubhukuda, ibhayisikili, njll), uhlele ukuphumula okugcwele.