Altai ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-August 2016: nemiphumela izibikezelo

Altai Territory kuyinto ngempela heterogeneous e oyiyo Geological, okuyinto kubonakala okusezingeni eliphezulu umsebenzi zokuzamazama komhlaba esifundeni. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ukuzamazama komhlaba, e-Altai, bodokotela, ubheke ngekhulu XVIII. umsebenzi Modern zokuzamazama komhlaba libhekene ematfuba nesenzakalo lokuzamazama komhlaba ku ezahlukene 8 amaphuzu.

Umqondo "ukuzamazama komhlaba" futhi imbangela

Noma yimuphi engokwemvelo iye ukhangwa ukunakwa kakhulu ngenxa ulwazi abampofu bangaki ngenxa Ukungaqiniseki yayo. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kuyinto uchungechunge komhlaba okwenzeka ngenxa shift amapuleti lithospheric. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simanga kungenzeka ngenxa Ubuhlobo indoda abanganaki sika nemvelo, okungukuthi, kusukela ukuqhuma wenuzi noma eyami awe bhú phansi.

Ngokuvamile ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka ekujuleni kolwandle, futhi ugwema enkulu imiphumela eyinhlekelele yemizi elinabantu abaningi.

Ezinye ukuzamazama okungase kuthintwe amadivayisi kuphela; ngezinye izikhathi abanye abangele umonakalo omkhulu, wangena emzini ngisho izwe, ngaleyo ndlela ukuthatha nalo lenqwaba izimpilo zabantu.

Yokukala amandla futhi ukushuba kunyakaza zokuzamazama komhlaba

Ukuze ukwazi ubungako bamandla wukukhanya kunyakaza komhlaba, kufanele usebenzise sikaRichter. Kuyinto Ukwahlukaniswa ukuzamazama komhlaba sobukhulu ukuthi kuchazwa amayunithi ngokungenasizathu 1 kuya 9.5. Idatha etholwe usebenzisa kunyakaza seismograph, usekhuluma ukuqopha futhi izingqimba zomhlaba we lithosphere.

Amandla okuzamazama komhlaba kukalwa esikalini esisuka ku-Mercalli futhi kungaba isukela amaphuzu 1 kuya 12. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke ukuzamazama zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu 12, ngalinye elikwazi libhekene khona nolokubhujiswa amandla, isibonelo:

• uthuthumele ababuthakathaka;
• Ukundindizela Ngamela;
• eqinile, nokunye.

Musa ukudida nesilinganiso amandla futhi amandla okuzamazama komhlaba. Amandla iba eyaziwa ngokushesha ngemva seismogram futhi kusiza ukuthola yilokho esigxila kukho lapho kunyakaza zokuzamazama komhlaba, futhi umfutho kuyinto ratio ubukhulu kunyakaza nokundindizela umsebenzi.

izindawo ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba eziyingozi ensimini ka-Russia

Ukuzamazama komhlaba nsuku zonke ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Russia kulesi sici inhlanhla kancane ngaphezulu: insimu yalo elise ikakhulukazi ipuleti elilodwa zomhlaba. Noma kunjalo, ezindaweni ezifana North eCaucasus kanye Peninsula eKamchatka, zimakwe kanye nemingcele ipuleti, ukuze kulezi zifunda ngaphansi ezinye ukuzamazama.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo izifunda yingozi kakhulu futhi engazinzile ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba neyaziwayo e-Altai, East eSiberia futhi Yakutia. Okungenzeka komhlaba umfutho kuyinto ngokwesilinganiso 4-6 amaphuzu.

Altai: izici legends

Kuze kube isikhathi esithile e-Altai endaweni ubelokhu okuzinzile ngokuya zokuzamazama komhlaba. Kodwa izincwadi zomlando kusukela 1761 umbiko we amakhulu okusika lomcimbi: ubukhulu kunyakaza kwaba 8, namandla - amaphuzu mayelana 11 esikalini zamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminonjana lasendulo zomhlaba ipuleti izinguquko atholakele. Kwaba ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bendawo ahaqa ufasimbe eyimfihlakalo cishe kunoma iyiphi engokwemvelo. Encwadini, A. A. Nikonova "Ukuzamazama komhlaba ... (I esidlule, esamanje, isibikezelo)," komhlaba Altai ke kwathathwa njengosongo "okungalungile hambisa izilo abahlala ngaphansi komhlaba." Enye legend sekuneminyaka ezikhathini yobuqaba. Usebenta owesifazane, i- ukuvinjelwa khona umhlatshelo futhi okwakufanele isizathu ekunqanyulweni inyunyana kaNkulunkulu ne izilwane zasemhlabeni. Ulaka lukaNkulunkulu wayemkhulu kangaka, ukuthi entabeni ayephila kuso lo nkulunkulu, "wanikina ukuba izisekelo zalo."

Njengoba kubonakala kusukela legends ngenhla komhlaba e-Altai sezintaba beqonda ezikhathini zasendulo ibonakalisa onkulunkulu ukungeneliseki.

XX leminyaka

Altai komhlaba akuwona umcimbi ezingavamile kakhulu. Vele ngaso sonke isikhathi lubonakale kubantu, ukuzamazama kakhulu elotshiwe amadivayisi kuphela.

Uma sicabangela isikhathi kwekhulu XX, uzothola ulwazi mayelana nyaka uma kuzamazama umhlaba. izihloko Scientific ukusho lo mkhuba Tsetserlegskoe komhlaba. Esikhathini Altai ke neze lesi sigameko nje. Ukongeza kuhlinzeka nezinye kunyakaza eziningi zokuzamazama komhlaba, a ezidlula aphansi.

Asikwazi bayakhohlwa Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla kakhulu aziwayo kwalesi sikhathi zomlando. Kwathi ngo-1965, futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe walo wawenziwe 7 amaphuzu. Kwenzeka kumcimbi zokuzamazama komhlaba eduze Stone. Ukundindizela ayehambisana ukubhonga, futhi zonke Kamensky wesifunda uye phansi umonakalo eside.

I imihlola yesimanjemanje

Xxi leminyaka isivele asikhumbule izakhamuzi Altai Territory. Ngo-2003, kwaba khona ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu. Esikhathini Altai kunjengoba Chui ezaziwayo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, kwaba 7.3 futhi kube yiyo eshayeka kanzima umfutho - 9 amaphuzu. Imiphumela shock zokuzamazama komhlaba okunjalo kwakufanele kwenhlabathi, scree futhi idwala ukuwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo lonke Chu asemaqeleni uvele okubizwa ngokuthi udaka mlilo. umxhwele ngempela kwaba 1 km kumhambela ububanzi esehle ibhange kwesokudla lomfula Taltury. Abanye baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu akuyona into yesiteleka kakhulu ngalolo uyakwazi ukuzamazama komhlaba.

Esikhathini e-Altai, ngo-August 2016, abantu kanye nokumesaba elinde othenjisiwe phansi kunyakaza. Ngokusho izibikezelo banikwa uthuthumele nge ubukhulu kuze kufinyelele 5.0 phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala ka-Agasti. Russian eziphuthumayo Izimo Ministry ngokuba Altai Territory wabonisa ukuthi ulwazi kwi website yayo. Ngempela, ukuzamazama komhlaba, e-Altai ngo-August 2016 (09.08.2016) kwenzeka ngempela. Futhi akukho noyedwa, kodwa ezintathu, futhi usuku olulodwa. Ngezinye 225 km eningizimu-empumalanga yomuzi Gorno-Altaisk ekuseni kwakufanele eqoshiwe komhlaba kunyakaza lokuqala ku-Altai. Ukubikezela waqala lifezekile. Usuku nge umehluko umzuzu zalotshwa ukuzamazama amabili ngesikhathi 149 km kuya eningizimu, 87 km mpumalanga Gorno-Altaisk, ngokulandelana.

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi kamuva, ukundindizela bekulindeleke ukuthi ukusondela of focus zokuzamazama komhlaba. Kule ndawo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-10 kukhona inqubo wokwakha entabeni.

2017: yini ukulinda Altai abantu?

Altai ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-August 2016 uhlala eziqine kusukela 2003. Kodwa ngokuvumelana izibalo ososayensi asebenzayo amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba uyanda futhi lokhu kungenza esifundeni Altai kuyingozi ukuhlala. Banikezwe izici isakhiwo zomhlaba yalesi sifunda, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi iyehla iyenyuka komhlaba nge ubukhulu kuze kufinyelele 5.0 - akuyona mkhawulo. Ngakho-ke, abakhileyo Altai Kunconywa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvikela amakhaya abo kanye lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba futhi ukungaxhamazeli.