A elihamba ukukhanya ithangi T-18: ukusebenza izici, ukulwa nokusetshenziswa

Esikhathini eko ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili weza amathangi lokuqala Soviet, kuhlanganise ukukhanya elihamba ithangi T-18 (MS-1), yakhishwa okokuqala athuthukile kuleli zwe, esekelwe French FT-17 futhi ukuguqulwa yayo Italy. Igama (lettering) imele nje. Incwadi "T" lisho izwi langempela "ithangi". T-18 - inkomba lapho nesishiyagalombili - nenombolo ye-serial yohlobo athuthukile. Umyalo wesibili igama layo - MS-1 - in the imithombo Soviet futhi kwenzeka kaningi imele "yesondlo ongaphakeme", lesi sibalo - iyi-index ekhombisa imodeli wokuqala kuleli kilasi.

indaba

Kulwiwa waletha iRed Army Trophies abaningi, phakathi okwakukhona iWhite Guard amathangi ukukhiqizwa French. Babetadisha ngokucophelela ngisho kudedelwa isikhathi esithile e-Sormovo kwemboni, ukushaya inzalo yayo, "Reno-Russian." Nokho, lapho wabusa kokubhubhisa ke labhekana nezinkinga zomnotho, kodwa ngoba izikhathi ezingcono akhiqize lezi amathangi iphuma. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi kakade ngisho kubantukazana ukuqonda ukuthi lo imodeli kakhulu yisikhathi futhi kudingeka balungiselele impi ezintsha.

Kusukela ngo-1925, lokhu wathatha Abaklami lokuqala Soviet. tank yokukhiqiza isipiliyoni, "Reno-Russian" Yiqiniso, kunakwe. Ngaphandle kwempi Soviet-Polish waletha enye indondo, okwamsiza ukwakha T-18. Kwakuwusuku Italian imoto armored - FIAT-3000. Futhi lokhu ithangi ibilokhu wafunda ngokuhamba ukulungiselela ngemibhalo yomsebenzi for tank T-18, izimfanelo zayo ezinhle abangu waboleka. Noma kunjalo, uvivinyo lokugcina ku prototypes ububanzi kwaveza kahle esikhulu yazo zonke izinhlobo lokunemphilo, ikakhulukazi chassis kanye injini. Ngakho, ama-T-16 sinqatshiwe, nebubi ku-akhawunti, futhi ngo-1927 lapho waphumelela kakhulu ukulungiswa - T-18.

ukuhlolwa kuphelile

wokugada Small ethangini lwavivinywa ngoJuni 1927. Uhlolo abaphumelela, futhi ekuqaleni kuka July, T-18 ethangini ukukhanya ezamukelwe ngu iRed Army. Sibize ke MC-1, ie encane ukwesekwa ethangini. Kusukela Februwari 1928 kwaqala ukukhiqizwa yayo mass, okuyinto waziphatha ifektri "kwamaBolshevik", futhi waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1931.

Ukukhiqizwa proschadi wathatha ithangi entsha ukukhanya - T-26, naso kuhloswe ukusekela njengesosha elihamba phansi. Ngoba konke lokhu iminyaka (kusukela ngo-1928 kuya ku-1932) it wadedelwa hhayi abambalwa kakhulu amakhophi umshini wokuqala ukuthuthukiswa KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - ezingaba yinkulungwane, ukuba ngqo - 959. I tank lokuqala - T-18 ne-T-26 - wagcwalisa umgomo wayo - okuba abokuqala. Noma kunjalo, wathola ngisho emasimini kweMpi Yezwe II.

Ukufakwa kanye nokusebenza

Amathangi kuqala futhi zonke design yabo ngokuyisisekelo kwaba Yiqiniso, lathathwa abakhiqizi angaphandle. Leli lungiselelo wesifunda has oda zakudala isikhathi. Ukwehlukanisa injini igiya elapha sikebhe esikebheni, futhi ngokwesilinganiso, emahhovisi phambi kanye nezindlu embhoshongweni ibekwe ukuphathwa ethangini nezikhali zawo.

tank Soviet T-18 abazange zidinga nezisebenzi eziningi ulwa naye babhekane abantu ababili: umlawuli - yena umdubuli kambayimbayi turret - kanye nomshayeli. Lesi sakamuva kwaba esikhungweni yomzimba, futhi umlawuli umcibisholo - e sikebhe futhi turret, ngemuva umshayeli. Embarkation futhi disembarkation senziwa ngokusebenzisa dweba mushroom-cap, eliphuma ngaphezu umbhoshongo, futhi umakhenikha zingase zisebenzise kanye dweba bicuspid, okuyinto wawusempumalanga phambi kwezindlu.

zempi

Zempi wawungenawo amandla, it is kahle bavikelekile amachashazi (esimaphakathi osezingeni sokuzingela) nokusuka izicucu, kusukela ithangi yasungulwa isimiso ukuvikelwa inhlamvu. ifomu ukubhuka ohambisana amathangi ngesikhathi okumalungana efanayo: isinyathelo abukhali, ngaphandle ukubopha. umzimba Armored sakhiwa eyishumi nesithupha ishidi steel amamilimitha angu aminyene, wonke amashidi abangu riveted futhi phakathi kwabo futhi uzimele.

bronelisty Aft nasezinsikeni uzimele ngu imishudo ngakho nje ukuthi kungasuswa kalula uma kunesidingo. Phansi ethangini ophahleni kwaqina nakakhulu nengxenye kancane - lapho zazisetshenziswa steel ishidi amamilimitha angu esingaphansi eziyisishiyagalombili obukhulu. Umbhoshongo kwadingeka iheksagoni cishe njalo umumo. Kusukela ngo-1930, it hlinzeka for nasembonini stern - esiteshini. Owenza turret zempi amashidi babe amamilimitha angu eyishumi nesithupha, kodwa ophahleni ingashintshwa ukuze emoyeni wayengekho - kwakunjalo steel akuyona amamilimitha angu lemine. Ingxenye frontal basembhoshongweni kwadingeka izintuba ukufaka isevisi. Ball Ebizwa wavumela umbhoshongo ukuze ujike, kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kwakunokwenzeka kuphela ngesandla, futhi lokhu kwakuhilela umkhuzi tank.

izikhali

Eliphi elinye ithangi pre-impi, iphoyinti yesimanje umbono, ukuthi kahle ifakwe. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi elaliyi-snap ithangi uvelile ngaphambi eziningi ozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe. Okokuqala, izingalo eyinhloko T-18 kwaba omathathu anesixhenxe osezingeni isibhamu Hotchkiss imodeli is ke akhiwa P. Syachintovym isibhamu Hotchkiss-MS. Mina uyifakile ngakwesokudla noma ubuso kwesokunxele lombhoshongo. Ammunition lalinabashumayeli ezicitshwayo ayengamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesithupha, kamuva anda ukuze izingalo eziyikhulu namashumi amane kanye (izinhlamvu ezinqolobaneni esikebheni - esikhundleni umsakazo).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye izingalo elisizayo, eyasebenza njengodonga isibhamu Fedorov osezingeni 6.6 mm. Ngokuvamile abhanqiwe izibhamu ezimbili kanye base efakwe isibhamu-free ubuso lombhoshongo. Bancika umagazini ibhokisi, lapho kwakukhona 1800 imizuliswano. Ngisho nangemva kokuba 1935 izibhamu ku T-18 Esikhundleni DT-29 (7.62). Okokuqala futhi oluhambisana ke ngamunye ngamunye. I izinhlamvu kwaba manje 2016 imizuliswano e amadiski amathathu nambili.

injini

wamaphaphu Powerplant ithangi T-18 bakhonza njengendikimba ezine-unhlangothi uxhumekile kwi-inthanethi four cylinder esebenzisa u-petrol injini Mikulino umklami. Engine Ukupholisa kwaba emoyeni. Amandla akhe ingeqi amahhashi amathathu nanhlanu.

Ngemva kuka-1930, ngaba injini ubekwazi nokuwuhlelela amandla amane, okuyinto yashesha ukuhamba kwayo emgwaqeni omkhulu (ijubane umkhawulo ethangini kwaba kakhulu ngendlela amabili nambili amakhilomitha ngehora!). Injini efakwe transversely egumbini engine-transmission, lokhu kwenza ukuba kancane ukunciphisa ubude sikebhe. Okokhelekayo amathangi at inombolo ezimbili waba ivolumu yonke neshumi amalitha. Ezibekwe niches nadgusenichnyh.

ukudluliswa

Noma kunjalo, injini kanye nokudlulisela amathangi lokuqala Soviet ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziphambili kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Khanyisa Transmission T-18 kwaba uhlobo mechanical lalinabashumayeli amayunithi netindlela:

1. main olulodwa-disk bamba, abasebenza ngomshikisho ezomile.

2. ezintathu-step gearbox manual.

3. Slewing igiya (wotho umehluko uhlobo).

4. Amabili itheyiphu ukubopha kokukhonza braking waphendukela.

5. La ma-irowu ohlangothini ukudluliswa, linamathele ihabhu kwamasondo drive.

chassis

Chassis ethangini ukuze elihamba ukwesekwa kuhlanganisiwe nhlangothi zombili Kumabheja, ukushayela amasondo, ukusekela ezinamasondo kabili nane iraba ka ububanzi amancane ayisithupha futhi rubberized double ukwesekwa ezinamasondo. Ngemva kuka-1930, ekuklanyweni uvele ohlangothini roller wesine basekelane. ezinamasondo engemuva wavinjwa rockers ezimbili, okwesikhashana ku mpo cylindrical entwasahlobo casings evikelwe.

Front ukwesekwa roller ukuthi agibele amahhashi isigwedlo ehlukile, exhunywe kwi-front ukumiswa kanye Damping entwasahlobo bayichezukisa. Steel iziphethu futhi babe phambi ukwesekwa ezinamasondo ezimbili noma ezintathu. Izibungu Ayekulungele kusukela yabalingisi steel - amayunithi enkulu nge ukubandakanyeka yokhalo. Amahlanu nanye iloli yilowo ububanzi ithrekhi, iloli - amamilimitha angu anamakhulu mathathu.

Kule mpi lokuqala

amathangi Light T-18 kufika ku-iRed Army kudala njengoba 1928, doukomplektovyvaya Army elihamba amayunithi kwezifunda ehlukahlukene yezempi. Ukubhapathizwa imoto entsha kwaba ingxabano phezu Cer. Ngo-November 1929, yaqala Mishanfusskaya okuhlaselayo, okuyinto elihamba ezisekeliwe kanye amathangi eziyishumi T-18. Battle kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe i mashi uyakhathaza, izinhlamvu amathangi lahluleka ukunikeza evamile, ngisho amabalazwe kwendawo azange abe bomlilo.

Noma kunjalo, Chinese iinkhundla behlaselwa, futhi akukho-T-18 akuzange elahlekile, nakuba ukuhamba okuhlukumezayo jikelele inhlanhla iRed Army kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Kodwa lezi izimpi tank ube ukuhlolwa yekhethelo, embulwa akuzona kuphela, kodwa futhi nemibi kulo mshini. I T-18 ukukhubazeka main wamaphaphu ithangi zihlonzwe ongaphakeme isivinini ukunyakaza kanye firepower kancane kakhulu. Kodwa isiyonke, futhi amathangi kanye emathangini avuzayo zarekomendavali ezinhle, futhi ukungqubuzana phezu Cer wanikeza ubufakazi.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Kakhulu ezigugile futhi ngokungagwegwesi ephelelwe yisikhathi T-18 amathangi wahlangana ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ingcenye encani yalokhu lazo langenela inkonzo ukugcwalisa ithange amayunithi, kanti bonke abanye banikwa endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile. Panzerwaffe ngokhahlo etholwe umngcele izimpi cishe abangakwazi ukuzilwela ngu amathangi Soviet. Ezinyangeni zokuqala we esicishe sibe yimpi yangempela zonke T-18 ashiswa.

I ISIKHATHI sokugcina okukhulunywa ngaso ukusetshenziswa ngokulwa nawo dekabrom Idethi 1941, lapho ababevikela eMoscow: eyikhulu wamashumi amahlanu futhi tank lamabutho ine imishini ayisishiyagalolunye T-18. Old ukukhanya amathangi ezinhle ekupheleni zamashumi amahlanu wakhonza njengephayona amaphuzu umile futhi umlilo njengoba izinqaba eliseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa imibhoshongo yaso.

Kungani T-18?

Eminyakeni yangemva kulwiwa, Soviet Russia, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ukunqoba lo monakalo enyantisa igazi, kwaba ngokucacile neze kulowo ukukhiqizwa amathangi. Siyakhumbula ukuthi ukubuyiselwa nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wayeya phikisana, Ngakho-ke, phakathi nawo-eko, sikhuluma lempi izikhali sesimanje. Ngo-1926, njengoba vele sesiyazi ukuthi wamukelwa uhlelo tank wokwakha eyenzelwe iminyaka emithathu.

Uhlelo inikeza ubuncani inkampani uhlelo inhlangano ukuqeqeshwa nebutho ithangi esihlasela ngezinqola zempi, elihamba, kanye kudalwa inkampani futhi Ibutho ifakwe tankettes. Izibalo kudingwa abakhiqizi elilodwa neshumi nambili amathangi ohlobo ngalunye. Ngemva komhlangano iRed Army Command GUVP futhi oat (isibhamu-ARSENALNY Trust) sivunyiwe ekukhiqizweni awusindi, kancane ezihambayo kunalokho kahle ahlomile FT-17, futhi ebiza kakhulu. Njengoba ayenqotshiwe ithangi ukukhanya elihamba wokugada.

mayelana nemali

"Renault-Russian", isibonelo, izindleko bese ruble eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha, futhi kwadingeka achithe ithangi nesishiyagalombili ayizinkulungwane eyodwa kuphela, njengoba nezindleko Imininingwane kumele singeqi ruble ayizigidi ezinhlanu. Kufanele kwenziwe kucace ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi Ruble angizisoli kakhulu ngendlela nenkosi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imali namuhla kungaba ecishe ilingane ayisigidi. Lokho uhlelo lweminyaka emithathu ye eko kwekhulu elidlule nge akakwazanga ukusingatha izinkinga ezingokwezimali kuphela.

Kukhona umehluko izindleko amathangi lanamuhla mayelana izimoto kwekhulu elidlule. T-90 wethu, isibonelo, i-Army ukuthenga ruble ayizigidi ezingu ayisikhombisa ngasinye. American "Abrams" kuye ngokuthi version iqala ngo $ 4.3 million. Nokho, kuhlomisa T-18 ngeke kuqhathaniswe ne-T-90. yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ukuthuthukiswa kwe-iRed Army kudlalwa amathangi lokuqala Soviet, singasho kakhulu.