78-FZ "Ngo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba," njengoba uchitshiyelwe

umhlaba inqubo ukuthuthukiswa endulo kulawulwa umthetho. Okwamanje, akukho okushintshile. I Russian Federation has a-FZ 78 "Ngo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba," lapho bonke imithetho eyisisekelo ephathelene nesifundo, ekuhlela nekuhlelenjiswa kwalokucuketfwe phansi imisebenzi. Kuyinto lesi senzo normative ezocatshangelwa esihlokweni.

Amagama angukhiye

Isigaba 1 78 zoMthetho Federal "On Land Management" iqukethe eziningi imiqondo ebalulekile ukuthi sizosetshenziswa amalungiselelo ezilandelayo isenzo normative.

Into yokuqala futhi ebaluleke kakhulu - ke Yebo, wona kanye nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba inqubo. Kuyini lokhu? Umthetho uthi ukuqoqwa izinyathelo ezikhethekile, okuyinto sihlose ukufunda isimo somhlabathi, ukuhlela okunengqondo Iinhlangano izindawo ezweni, ukuvikelwa kwabo, nobuntu indawo lezinto umhlaba, emideni yabo, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo endaweni atholakalayo, njll

Ngakho, umhlaba - lokhu kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ramified ukuze kwakhiwe noma sesimanje amasimu Russian Federation. By the way, kwethemu yesibili, njengoba ichazwe eSigabeni 1, kukhona izinto ka nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. 78-FZ "Ngo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba," kusho ukuthi izinto ezinjalo kukhona izifunda zomphakathi ngokwabo. Lezi zihlanganisa komasipala abahlukahlukene, ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo, izingxenye ekhethekile, njll

Ukuze izinga ukuqaliswa inqubo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba kudinga imibhalo uhlobo ezifanele. Ngokomthetho, imibhalo ukuthi atholiwe futhi ahlotshiswe emisebenzini nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Izizathu umhlaba

ukuphathwa Land ayikwazi ukuqala ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekile. Noma kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi wenziwa endaweni ebanzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho kumelwe kube nezizathu ekhethekile ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo. Ngokusho Article 4 78 zoMthetho Federal "On Land Management", lezisekelo ezifana yilezi:

• isinqumo imithambo ogunyaziwe;
• Izinqumo zale likahulumeni kanye neziphathimandla zesifunda nemizimba zendawo ukuzibusa;
• eziklanyelwe futhi eqinisekisiwe inkontileka ekufezeni umsebenzi ezweni wezokwakha.

Endaweni ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa has isimiso esibalulekile kakhulu. Lokhu, ngokuya nge-athikili 3 ukulawulwa olucutshungulwayo, isimiso se-isivumelwano esibhalwe phansi. Kwezinye izimo, kufanele kusetshenziswe? Umthetho uthi ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• sokulungiswa imingcele nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba lezinto;
• ekukhombeni umhlaba kokuba izifo ezithile (ebhekisela usawoti, umoya noma amanzi ashaya leli dwala uhlobo waterlogging nezikhukhula, sahlala, desiccation, nokungcola, njll ...);
• eziningi izinyathelo ukubuyisela, thuthukisa noma ukongiwa kwemvelo.

Okunye izimiso umsebenzi kule ndawo ngaphansi ukucatshangelwa is okubizwa zakudala. Lena isimiso umthetho, ubulungisa, umusa, ukuthobela imithetho, nokunye. D.

Amandla State

Isigaba 5 yoMthetho № 78-FZ "On Land Management" kugcizelela amandla iziphathimandla federal Russian maqondana nemisebenzi. Lokhu kumele kufake iziphathimandla ezilandelayo federal:

• ukwakheka kanye ukwamukelwa inqubo ethize imisebenzi nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba;
• awabambe ensimini okungewakho neziphathimandla federal;
• kusebentisana imisebenzi nomthethonqubo nemisebenzi emizimbeni esiphezulu ezingeni federal;
• ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukwamukelwa of imithetho efanele;
• ukwakheka kanye ukwamukelwa inqubo ekhethekile Ukuhlola imibhalo Ukuphathwa yizwe;
• inhlangano nokuziphatha zokwengamela federal kule ndawo;
• kumiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kohlelo jikelele ezweni ohlola Russia;
• ukuphathwa ezikhethekile Idatha yesikhwama isimo mayelana nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba nokusebenza;
• ezinye imisebenzi.

Lapha kuyazuzisa kokukhumbula sihloko 72 soMthethosisekelo WaseRussia, into "B", okubhekisele earthworks isiqondiso iziphathimandla federal nge lesifunda. Ngakho, amandla Russian Federation ubuciko ongenza nesimo izinhlangano indawo.

On the cwaningo nomhlaba kahulumeni

Yini ehlanganisiwe ethuthukiswayo inqubo ngokwalo? Lokhu kufanele ukukutshela okwengeziwe. UMthetho Federal № 78-FZ "On Land Management", okungukuthi sihloko 9, usungula imithetho ephathelene nesifundo komhlaba.

Inhloso cwaningo iwukuba bathole ulwazi oluthile mayelana nesimo sabo qualitative ambalwa. ukuze kulungiswe udaba emisebenzini zingokulandelayo:

• ukuhlolwa kwe-ikhwalithi izindawo ezweni;
• yokusungula komhlaba;
• luhlolo zenhlabathi, geobotanical, noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo.

Ochwepheshe bekwi ikakhulu emsebenzini cartographic futhi geodetic. Lezizifundo kukhona isisekelo yonke eminye imisebenzi. Ucwaningo ngesimo umhlabathi inhlolovo ayadingeka ukuze uhlole isimo ndawo. ungakwazi ukuqonda uma kukhona ukwephulwa endaweni noma cha kuhlolo ezinjalo.

Ukuhlola kanye yokusungula umhlaba

Ngokusho N 78-FZ "On Land Management", kokuhlaziywa umhlaba kuyisinyathelo ezibucayi ngesikhathi umsebenzi ezweni inhlolovo. Phakathi Imininingwane kokuhlaziywa ingatholakala mayelana izakhiwo ezweni njengendlela yokuthola ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo.

I Russian Federation has a endaweni ekhethekile lapho ukuhlolwa wenziwa ukuba afinyelele imigomo ethize kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eMpumalanga Ekude, inhlabathi ihlolwe yelekelele umkhiqizo wezinyamazane emadlelweni. Akufanele wephule, nezisetshenziswa ekhethekile, kudingeka kangaka endleleni yokuphila evamile ezizwe uhlobo mancane.

Enye inqubo ebalulekile - lokhu yokusungula. Isilawuli Samandla kwenziwa ukuhlonza amazwe esetshenziswa inefficiently noma ayisetshenziswa nhlobo. Injongo yokusungula iwukuba sihlele izinto eziza kuqala ukusetshenziswa endaweni ngayinye.

Mayelana yokuhlela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nencazelo indawo

Ukuze kwenziwe ngcono umsebenzi ukusatshalaliswa izindawo ezweni ngokuhambisana esiqinile nge isimo somnotho e inombolo sihloko 14 78-FZ "Ngo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba" ka 18.06.2001 fixed imithetho ephathelene inhlangano nokuhlela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba ngendlela enengqondo. Ukuze lokhu kumele kube ngesikhathi esifanele, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo umsebenzi:

• ezweni nokuklanywa ezingeni yemvelo kanye wezolimo;
• kumiswa iziphakamiso ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni, ukuvikelwa kwabo, njll

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wonke umsebenzi kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile imibhalo ohlobo ezisemadolobheni.

Izinga elilandelayo ku ukuziphatha nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba ukuchaza indawo lezinto imingcele. I-oda indawo kunqunywa kaHulumeni.

On umngcele ipulazi

Isigaba 18 N 78-FZ "Ngo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba" ka 18.06.2001 uthi sendlela ukuqhuba yizwe elihlelembekile-ipulazi. ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo izindawo kanye nokuvikelwa kwazo ikakhulukazi kudingeka empumalanga.

Ngokomthetho, kule nqubo ye hlobo ezweni-ipulazi kuhlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukwakheka kanye wokuthatha amagadango ngokuba sesimanje kwezolimo ezweni, ezweni elisha, ukulondolozwa noma ukuvuselelwa izindawo, njll;
• ukusebenza kwenhlangano ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo komhiaba ngenhloso kokusebenza qualitative imisebenzi yezolimo.

Ukuqaliswa zonke lezi zenzo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale ngaphandle umsebenzi imibhalo ekhethekile. Ukuthi imibhalo futhi kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Mayelana imibhalo

Isahluko 4 78-FZ "Ngo nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba," njengoba uchitshiyelwe ku 13/07/2015 esifingqa izinhlobo kwemibhalo. Ngakho, lapha wukunikeza:

• uhlamvu jikelele yase-scheme, kanye izikimu lesifunda ezihlobene nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba;
• izinto ibalazwe;
• amaphrojekthi ukuphathwa yangaphakathi;
• amaphrojekthi ukuthuthukisa umhlaba wokulima;
• amabalazwe akhethekile atlases.

Ikhadi, ngokuvumelana sihloko 20, idokhumende lapho izinjongo zokuphatha umhlaba ziyabonakala amafomu ingcaca futhi ezibhaliwe. Icacisa indawo lezinto, isimo sabo, usayizi, kanye nemingcele.

On wemfanelo, kanye nezinguquko emthethweni

Isigaba 25 libhekisela okuvela iyiphi isibophezelo sobugebengu ngenxa yokwephula imithetho ezibekiwe kulo Mthetho. Isigaba 26 ubeka imithetho ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphathelene nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Kufanele futhi ubheke isihloko 64 kweKhodi Land, othi bonke tinchabano temhlaba angabhekwa kuphela izinkantolo. Amaqembu aphikisane kungenzeka afake isicelo bese inkantolo arbitral (a igunya ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni).

Futhi lokho izinguquko ezenziwe kuya imigomo 2015? Lezi zinguquko Kuyavunywa mncane impela: a izishayamthetho ambalwa tweaked kwencazelo "izinto koMhlaba Management."