Undunankulu wase-France: indima namandla aso

Ezombusazwe waseFrance kwamiswa ngenxa a nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo eside futhi alternation of republic futhi monarchical kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo onobuhle okuphindaphindiwe. Umlando esiyingqayizivele kwaleli zwe namanye kuye kwaholela inombolo yezici kwesistimu yayo kahulumeni. Inhloko state umongameli, ngubani benawo amandla sasivumela ezibanzi. Iyini indima isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona yeFrance, kusho uNdunankulu? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kumelwe sibheke imithombo esebenza okwamanje yomthethosisekelo wezwe.

yesihlanu Republic

Ukuphela seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwakuyinto kokuqala mayelana nomlando wezepolitiki yesimanje French. Ukukhulula wezwe kusukela umsebenzi amaNazi anikeza ugqozi kusungulwe indlela yeningi kanye ukwamukelwa uMthethosisekelo efanele. Umthetho omusha eziyisisekelo Waqala ukusebenza ngo-1946. Naye waqala inkathi zomlando, ngokuthi Wesine Republic (owedlule ezintathu zadalwa futhi uyekwa emva French Revolution).

Ngo-1958, ukusongela kwempi yombango ophoqelelwe kubuketa lomthethosisekelo ukuqinisa amandla umongameli, ngubani ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola Jikelele Sharl De Goll. Leligxathu sasekelwa iningi ephalamende kwadingeka amaqembu wobunxiwankulu. Ngenxa yalokho lezi zenzakalo, umlando wezombusazwe waleli zwe bengena enkathini Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic, okuyinto kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje.

umthethosisekelo

Omunye ukuyekethisa ezibalulekile safinyelela ezingxoxweni phakathi Jikelele yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle kanye namaLunga wePalamende, kwaba esivumelwaneni division of nemisebenzi kaMongameli noNdunankulu wase-France. Imizamo ahlangene izimiso logshie kwesisekelo sombuso esitsha zenzelwe. Basinike kukhethwa inhloko yezwe kuphela suffrage jikelele, ngokwahlukana ayimpoqo amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni kanye Lwezobulungiswa oluzimele.

Umthetho omusha eziyisisekelo kusungulwa izinhlobo zohulumeni, elihlanganisa izici kamongameli republic ePhalamende. 1958 soMthethosisekelo unika inhloko yezwe inelungelo lokuqoka amalungu iKhabhinethi. Nokho, uhulumeni yena, unesibopho ePhalamende. I-Basic Law Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic izikhathi eziningana kan- ngokuqondene ukunikeza amakoloni ukuzimela futhi ukuqedwa isigwebo sentambo, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zihlala zinjalo.

isakhiwo sepolitiki

Uhlelo lukahulumeni kuhlanganisa uMongameli, kukaNdunankulu wase-France, uhulumeni kanye iphalamende, ihlukaniswe emakamelweni amabili: weSigungu Sikazwelonke kanye isiGele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona Council yoMthethosisekelo. Kuyinto isigungu esibunjwe sakhiwa zamaphini ePhalamende, kanye namalungu kahulumeni.

Indima uMongameli

UMthethosisekelo 1958 ibonisa imibono kahulumeni Jikelele yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle sika. Isici esiphawulekayo umthetho eziyisisekelo Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic lokuhlushwa amandla ezombusazwe ezandleni umongameli. INhloko State has inkululeko enkudlwana izenzo kumiswa iKhabhinethi elisha futhi uqobo ukhetha abafundela izikhundla eziphezulu kuhulumeni. UNdunankulu French is baqokwe umengameli. Isimo kuphela imvume yokugcina kule post ukuqiniseka Wesigungu Sikazwelonke maqondana ikhandidethi ukubeka phambili ngumuntu wokuqala kuleli zwe.

Inhloko isimo sinikezwe amandla akhethekile ensimini yezinhlelo zokwenziwa kwemithetho. Izenzo bamukela yiPhalamende lizoba ngempumelelo kuphela sivunywa ngumengameli. Unegunya ukubuyela umthetho ukuze inakwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMongameli ikhipha izimemezelo nezimiso, edinga kuphela agunyazwe Undunankulu wase-France.

UMongameli Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic iyinhloko ngqongqotshe ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakwazi ngezinga elithile kwethonya umsebenzi umzimba zomthetho wezwe. Lo mkhuba kuyavumelana yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle ezihlongozwayo umqondo elikhulu kangakanani ngomholi wesizwe, osebenza njengokuvimbelayo umlamuli yomphakathi.

Indima uNdunankulu

Inhloko uhulumeni unesibopho kwenqubomgomo zasekhaya kanye nezomnotho. UNdunankulu French ukhonza njengomdala usihlalo emihlanganweni amakomiti longqongqoshe. Uphakamisa abafundela izikhonzi ukuvunyelwa Inhloko yabo State. Uma uNdunankulu ufuna ukuba asule esikhundleni sakhe, kufanele afake isicelo uMongameli ukuthi sakamuva singabangela kanye nalangeke akwemukele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umlando Omhlangano Omkhulu Wesihlanu Republic kwaba isibonelo okuphindaphindiwe Undunankulu wase-France. Zhak Shirak labetibambile lesi sikhundla kabili noMongameli Valery d'Estaing futhi Fransua Mitterane.

Uma iqembu eliphikisayo iningi kuMkhandlu kaZwelonke, uMongameli ayikwazi ezomisa UNdunankulu ebona ngayo. Kulokhu, amandla uMongameli France is kakhulu kungagcini.