Kangakanani-Ebola: siptomy kanye nokwelashwa imfiva

Ebola ... imibiko ngakho kwaphela izinyanga eziningana egcwele kwi-Inthanethi, akukho ukukhululwa izindaba zomabonakude kuqedile ngaphandle kwabo. Sekukonke, kwakubhekwa njengento inkinga yesifunda, kodwa odokotela uqiniseke ukuthi lesi sifo hhayi ncamashi ukusakaza ngale Afrika ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, asebengenwe igciwane, izakhamuzi okungenani ezimbili US. Ezimbalwa nje ezingeziwe esibhedlela noma ekhaya (sinqatshiwe ukuphuma). Ngakho kuyini, indlela yokubhekana nalesi sifo, futhi awadlulisele kanjani Ebola? Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi uma buvela Russia? Abasebenzi Rospotrebnadzor wagomela ukuthi ubuncane. Nokho, Okwamanje, ucwaningo ezikhethekile abafundi kusukela amazwe ase-Afrika ofundelwa ezweni lethu. A inkampani yokulungisela abahambayo ubophezelekile ukuvimbela izivakashi Russian uya "izwekazi black", lapho amazwe Ebola sandile.

igciwane

Lesi sifo sibangelwa yigciwane kwegama elifanayo - ifomu endala yokuphila. Kuyinto i-molecule RNA, ibekwe ibe emgodleni ekhethekile zokuzivikela. Lokhu okuthiwa filoviruses. Lingena amaseli umzimba womuntu futhi ukudedela phakathi cytoplasm komsebenzi wakhe ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-cell iqala nokuzala edingekayo igciwane amaprotheni. Ziyakwazi kudingekile zokugaya yayo. Ezimweni eziningi, iseli ngokwayo libhujiswa.

Ebola Bypasses le izindlela zokuzivikela umzimba. It neutralizes umphumela interferon - into obhekene ekulweni izinsongo zangaphandle ingqamuzana.

Ngokuvamile, amagciwane - kungcono eziphilayo ezimangalisayo futhi engaqondakali. Basuke etholakala emngceleni eziphilayo nezingaphili. Phela, abanakho umzimba, abazi ukuthutha ngokuzimela futhi umsebenzi may kuphela engqamuzaneni umzimba aphethe. Amagciwane - izimuncagazi. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi ayikwazanga ukufika khona esiphelweni ocacile ngemvelaphi yabo. Nokho-ke umbuso eziningi kakhulu. Ama-virus yonke indawo. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, emanzini olwandle isipuni esigcwele ayisigidi! Kokunye, ososayensi abavumelana: lezi abathwali ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo kwavela isikhathi eside kakhulu. Futhi indima yabo kwemvelo eziphilayo mkhulu. Phela, kuphela indoda cishe ingxenye yesithathu zezakhi zofuzo ezifanayo ukuze izakhi zofuzo amagciwane!

oluhambisana nemfiva

Ngakho ngokwesayensi ke ngokuthi i-Ebola. Yini efihla leli gama? Konke lokhu uhlobo zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngokuvamile, ithinta amaseli semithambo. Yingakho ukopha esindayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ukushisa komzimba oluhambisana, futhi bonke ngothi lwabo ezihlobene nokusebenzelana amagciwane ahlukene. ukudluliselwa kwakamuva noma yabo yemvelo (amathangi) noma eziphilayo ezazimaphakathi. Ukuze ukushisa komzimba oluhambisana ngokuvamile abathwali namagundane, ezifana amagundane (for Ebola is oluyingozi, ukudla izithelo).

Lolu hlobo isifo kuyingozi kakhulu abantu, nakuba eminye imigomo usumisiwe. Ngokuvamile iziguli ziyafa ukuthuthukiswa ukushaqeka ezithathelwanayo-ezinobuthi futhi ukwehluleka zonke izinhlaka. Endabeni Ebola futhi kusukela abalulekile ukopha.

nemlandvo wetekwelashwa

Kukholakala ukuthi lesi sifo uma kwenzeka okokuqala ngo-1976. Igciwane kwahlonzwa eZaire (Republic Democratic of Congo). Kwathi eduze koMfula i-Ebola. Yingakho igama. Ebola e Sudan ke kwabulala ziyikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu oyedwa. Esikhathini Zaire wafa ezingamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisishiyagalombili.

Kungenzeka ukuthi abantu bendawo itheleleke esikhathini esidlule. Ucwaningo lwamuva waqinisekisa khona masosha omzimba egazini amaphesenti eziyisikhombisa labantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaningi bayagula nalesi sifo.

Kuze kube namuhla kwaba nezigameko engaphezu kuka amathathu Ebola ukutheleleka emhlabeni wonke. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ngesikhathi lokhu kwenzeka ezwekazini lase-Afrika: behlelwa emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye. Kodwa ezinye, ezifana, isibonelo, Tunisia, i-Ebola kuze kube manje basindiswa. Kabili yena atheleleka eRussia, kokubili ngaphansi laboratory izimo kwaphumela ekufeni ngobudedengu banal lwabasebenzi.

Nokuqubuka kwalesi sifo ngo-ngezinga elincane zenzeka e-United Kingdom (1976 - 1 abantu abangenwe), United States (1990 -. Kubantu 4) (. Ngo-1990 no-2008, bangu-eziyisikhombisa) kanye ne-Philippines. Kusukela 2000 kuya ku-2001 e-Uganda, Sudan Ebola kwathelela abantu abangamakhulu amane namashumi amabili nanhlanu. Kwakuwusuku kakhulu emikhulu kudlula lesifo kuze 2014. Phakathi yokugcina kuphela e-Afrika Zaire ukulungiswa igciwane kwathelela abantu abangu-ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa, isigamu babo bafa. Siyini isizathu salokhu kwanda kwenani izimo?

Umlando kokugqashuka zokugcina

Yaqala Guinea ekupheleni 2013, 26 Disemba 2013 washona ngonyaka ezimbili umfana okuthiwa Emil, futhi ngemva kwesonto wabulawa udadewabo omdala oneminyaka emithathu. Bobabili ingane yokuqala izinkontileka, ayikaziwa. Khona-ke baqala ukufa kancane kancane ka elilandelayo yabo isihlobo. Abanye kakade engumakhelwane Sierra-Leone naseLiberia. Kungani lezi mazwe awazona ukulungele? Futhi kungani inkinga ezibonakala wendawo-World Health Organization iye laphoqeleka ukuba livume usongo lomhlaba wonke? izifo okusha zenzeka nsuku zonke, futhi kuyacaca, njengoba kubika Ebola phakathi kwabantu, kodwa kuyoba kungenzeka ukuyimisa by izindlela ezivamile?

izimbangela

Ubumpofu, indlala kanye nesimo esibi wezokwelapha esifundeni, kanye yokungazi ngaso sabantu - lawa izizathu lapho UBANI kubonisa (World Health Organization). Kodwa mhlawumbe ebaluleke kakhulu - ke kube ukuhaha kwabantu. Ebola - a izifo futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa oluhambisana ukushisa komzimba udale wokugoma. Kodwa Ebola namanje Asilapheki. Into wukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yayo kudinga umzamo sina futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu. Futhi awuhambanga izinkampani ezinkulu ezithaka imithi ukuba, njengoba izimakethe lincane kakhulu, futhi umuthi wokugoma noma wokwelapha kwenzakala eqolo. Futhi lapho mancane Iholo elingakanani abantu lamazwe ase-Afrika lapho Ebola ngokuvamile kubonakala sengathi mancane amathuba ukuze bakwazi uyithenga. Kufika isigaba ezithile zocwaningo kwenziwe omunye US izikhungo wezempi, bese ukuze azivikele Ebola uma noma ubani owayeya ukuyisebenzisa njengendlela isikhali begazi. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa ye ngezimali phrojekthi futhi ivaliwe. Kodwa manje, lapho sekumcacela ukuthi imfiva akulula kangako ukufihla, emazweni athuthukile wezwe namanje emsebenzini.

ungumuntu kanjani?

Njengoba isifo ayiqondakali kahle, kuyindida ukuthi singakwazi kuphela who esiphathiswa. ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwesigubhu yemvelo Ebola ingenye kwezinhlobo amalulwane.

Popular igciwane akubangi umonakalo. Lezi amagundane adle isithelo, nadkusyvayut kokuhanjiswa noma ukulandwa othile izingcezu emhlabathini. Futhi labo, yena, akhethiwe wezinkawu, igciwane okuyinto obulalayo. Kodwa akekho ongasho ngokuqiniseka sidlule kanjani isilwane ukuze isilwane Ebola, izindlela yokudlulisela yayo ehlathini futhi cishe ngeke wafunda. Ukugqashuka lokugcina isifo okusongelayo ukushabalala imiphakathi gorilla esifundeni Afrika. Futhi idluliswe kanjani Ebola indoda? Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu bendawo ngokuvamile udle inyama yezilwane ihlathi, kuhlanganise wezinkawu ubuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa emikhulu kwamahlathi nokuklaba amalulwane baqala ukuhlala useduze nakakhulu abantu bahlale kuwo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izithelo onegciwane kungase pick up noma ukuphazamisa kokubili abadala kanye nezingane.

Indlela Ebola phakathi kwabantu?

Ngokuvamile, igciwane idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa lomzimba ezifana igazi, ngamathe, khulula mucosal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungathola isidoda onegciwane kanye ngokusebenzisa. igciwane onesango elilodwa kukhona izilonda esikhumbeni futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

Ngakho catch Ebola kungaba ukuthintana ngqo isiguli. Kuze kube manje, ukudluliswa kwe-virus kumuntu nomuntu ngu droplet ukutheleleka ziye eqoshiwe. Nokho imfiva kubhekwa esinye sezifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu. Mhlawumbe ngoba futhi ayihambi ngokusebenzisa izinto abantu bajabulele.

Kungani izimo eziningi kangaka?

Isu esikhulu ukuze ulwe abanamanxeba abulalayo igciwane eliyingozi, kuyiphi alikho ikhambi, kuyinto ngokuhlukaniswa esiqinile. Insimu lapho kwaqubuka lesi sifo, kufanele eduze ngokuphelele. Kusobala ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo akuyona Ngaso leso sikhathi nganquma ngenxa yezizathu eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha. Futhi lapho umkhuhlane isisakazekele emazweni amaningana, sesiye cishe akunakwenzeka. Esinye isizathu esiyinhloko ukusatshalaliswa ngesivinini kwaba nalwazi bendawo futhi odokotela. Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa kunzima ukunquma ukuthi Ebola - imfiva, izimpawu efana umkhuhlane ezinzima noma umalaleveva. Futhi kuphela uma isiguli siqala ukulahlekelwa igazi, kukhona izinsolo oluhambisana nemfiva. ukuxilongwa enembile sakamuva kungenzeka kuphela endaweni yokugeza uwuhlomele kahle.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ngisho amasonto iziguli kokugqashuka zafakwa hhayi amabhokisi ahlukene, nasemakamu jikelele. Futhi kakade isisakazekela ngokusebenzisa odokotela azikho esimweni esihle kakhulu nesineke eyodwa kuya kwenye. Inani labantu abanaleli gciwane ngale ndlela kuyinto enkulu. odokotela kuphela wabulala engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili!

umbala wendawo

Esinye isici esibangela isivinini esiphelweni fever, kuyinto ukuqwashisa abanye abakwazi ukufunda futhi abampofu zezakhamuzi. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje kamuva emizaneni wahamba nabantu izipikha memo, yena owakhuluma umphakathi mayelana izinyathelo futhi izimpawu zalesi sifo esesabekayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke itheleleke - kukhona izihlobo nabangani balabo kubantu zazinayo kwasekuqaleni. Lapha indima ebalulekile kukhala by amasiko endawo. Ngokuhambisana yokugcina, abantu babebuthana ngezindleko zomngcwabo izihlobo zabo ezinegciwane nezidumbu. Njengoba ne nezizinda zokugcina. Igciwane sisuka nomzimba womuntu efile enye inyanga. Mhlawumbe kukhona nezinye izizathu - Ebola lungumxokozeli kuze kube yilolu suku.

amathemba flash

UBANI lithi eduze ukwanda esizayo inamba yezimo esifundeni uyovalwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi kuyingozi Ebola - igciwane nezinye izindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Tunisia. Ebola kungazange kufinyelele lapho, kodwa lapho, njengoba emazweni angomakhelwane, ke ulinde kakade futhi besaba kakhulu. Izindaba ezinsukwini zokugcina - US ithumela lempi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ukuze ikwazi ukulwa nalesi sifo. Kanjani ukuba sibhekane nesimo namasosha igciwane, kuyaqondakala: zingabantu, in Kungenzeka, kudingeke ukuba "eduze" ababizwa nangokuthi uhulumeni.

Yelaphani for Ebola

Ukudalwa wokugoma ezinjalo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngokuvumelana ososayensi abaningi, akunakwenzeka. Isizathu salokhu itholakala ngenxa yokuswela ulwazi igciwane, futhi ukungabi khona izakhi ezidingekayo. Kuyacaca kakade ukuthi amazwe ase-Afrika ngokwabo ukudala wokugoma ngeke. Ngo izibhedlela akudingeki imibhede ngokwanele okwazo zonke iziguli okwamanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba kuthatha ebuhlungwini obukhulu: zimali zibekelwe, futhi virologists ezivela emhlabeni wonke wathumela ukubhekana isifo esibi.

Kanjani ukwelapha imfiva namuhla?

Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi kokugqashuka okuqhubekayo umphumela ebulalayo kungenzeka amaphesenti ayisihlanu amacala. Isikhathi esiningi iziguli zibulawa izimpawu. Lena lapho ulahlekelwe okuthile okuyigugu wegazi, ukushaqeka, ukudakwa nokwenqaba kuzo zonke izitho.

Ngakho manje, uma uphethwe - ukwelashwa Ebola - ke ukwelapha ikakhulu esekelayo. Isiguli ibekwe ebhokisini ehlukile, lapho zaphathwa isixazululo ngemithambo yegazi izakhi. Indoda noma uyalulama noma uyafa. Ngokwemibiko ethile, ngezinye izikhathi ukusiza izidakamizwa zokuhlola, kodwa abawona atholakalayo le akubona bonke. A amazwi ambalwa okwengeziwe esikhathini esidlule. sinqatshiwe Ngaphambili futhi kubhekwe abangenasimilo ukusebenzisa for ekwelapheni izidakamizwa yokwenza ungazange wadlula ukuhlolwa ezihambelanayo abantu. Ngokwalokhu esesixoxe ngakho ezisandakwenzeka UBANI Afrika kakade ukusibiza kunesidingo.

Odokotela baqala ukuthola ukusuka imfiva ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, ukuthi ezimweni eziyisikhombisa kuzo eziyisishiyagalombili benegciwane. Nokho, lezi izinqubo Kwakuseshwa kakade emabangeni kwesikhathi. Futhi akucaci yini eyabangela yokutakula: kusukela egazini noma omzimba amaprotheni rekovalentov igciwane linqotshiwe yena.

izimpawu

Lesi sakamuva kubonakale isukela kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya emasontweni amathathu emva kokutheleleka igciwane womuntu. Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphambi ukubukeka kwabo lesi sifo ayihambi.

Ebola (izimpawu) iqala esithubeni nje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuqaleni izimpawu ze-non-ethize: imfiva, ubuthakathaka, ikhanda, umphimbo obuhlungu, uhudo. Kwaba kamuva kuvela ukuhlanza, futhi ukuqubuka. Utfutfukisa amanzi emzimbeni, kukhona ubuhlungu esifubeni. Cishe isigamu amacala ukuqubuka livela. Khona-ke singasinda nge awokuthi ukusho ukuthi i-Ebola. Izimpawu lezi ethize. Amehlo bloodshot. Encishisiwe umsebenzi izinso kanye esibindini. Bleed nolwelwesi lwamafinyila: izinsini, ekhaleni, pheshana emathunjini, esithweni sangasese somuntu wesifazane. Lesi sakamuva kusikisela awokuthi ukufa. Ngokuvamile, iziguli afele ngesonto lokugula yesibili. Uma lokhu kungenzeki ku isikhawu kusuka izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zaba ishumi nesithupha, umuntu elulama. Ngemva isifo isikhathi eside, kungase kube nezinkinga nge sengqondo, abantu ulahlekelwe isisindo kakhulu, izinwele fall out.

Indlela Hhayi to Die?

Kuze kube manje, i-Ebola - imfiva, izimpawu zazo aziwayo kakade, cishe, bonke abakhileyo ezwekazini lase-Afrika. Kanjani ukuba ungenwe yiwo? Hhayi ukuvakashela amazwe ase-Afrika ezikhathini nokuqubuka yingozi. Hhayi mbeni abagulayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, oluhambisana nemfiva (zibangelwa ngezinye amagciwane, ngokumelene okuyinto vele umjovo) kungenziwa ubanjwe endaweni yethu. Qaphela ikakhulu kufanele ube abasebenzi yezolimo, ngoba lezi izifo eyalo amagundane. Ngigezisise izandla zakho ngemva abasebenza emkhakheni. Musa udle phansi futhi kusukela emhlabathini. Uma emva umsebenzi kungazelelwe babe nezimpawu nonspecific eshiwo ngenhla (futhi ngokuvamile ibukeke zonke ukushisa komzimba oluhambisana), xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha.