Zomphakathi kanye isimo: a kafushane mayelana ubudlelwane

Ngaphambi sikhuluma ubuhlobo isimo kanye nomphakathi, kubalulekile ukuchaza lokho zomphakathi. ihluke kanjani kunoma iyiphi enye uhlobo lomphakathi? Ngo zomphakathi ngaphandle okuhlukile enikeziwe amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu. Isimo kule nqubo Kufeza indima ebalulekile, njengoba kuba - yisiboniso inhlalakahle izakhamuzi zayo. uhulumeni Modern wentando yeningi ayikwazi BUSA abantu. Akukona liphazamisane umphakathi ukuba ukuhlala kule yokuzithiba imodi.

Lokufanako nalokwehlukile

Okwamanje, tinhlangano temphakatsi kanye isimo, ngamafuphi, awukwazi babambisane ezikhona ngaphandle bunyenti imibono. Inkululeko yokukhuluma yisibaluli esibalulekile salokhu ubuhlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phakathi komphakathi isimo has a lot of umehluko.

Sici eyisisekelo idivayisi iku kwakuwukuthi enamandla - kwakuwukuthi ekubuseni izikhulu nomunye ngokuvumelana izitebhisi ngesilwane esifuywayo. Umphakathi khulula kusekelwe isimiso ukudidiyelwa khulula. Abantu ngaphakathi zalesi simiso zinkulu ku esimweni alinganayo. ukusebenzisana yabo waqala ngokusebenzisa nezifiso efanayo futhi intando.

Imvelo jikelele

Isimo ngeke kube khona kungekho umphakathi, kusukela lapho umi phandle. Abantu abahlala ndawonye, zidinga inhlangano ethile zezombusazwe kanye nombuso. Kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikeleke izidingo ezivamile. Kuyinto kule isimiso, ubudlelwano phakathi anjenge temphakatsi kanye nesimo. Kafushane mayelana "endaweni" yabo wabonisana omunye zefilosofi zasendulo. Ngokwesibonelo, ongqondongqondo yaseGrisi yasendulo eyakhelwe ngemibono ehlukene mayelana nohlobo wezombangazwe.

Eyokuqala isimo sabantu, okungukuthi umphakathi wesintu. It kungabuye ngokuthi isizwe. Nokho, phakathi nale migomo amabili abe umehluko othize. Abantu - kuba neqembu elikhulu kwezenhlalo enamalungu banemikhuba ezivamile kwamasiko futhi ngiqaphele zomlando. Abantu besizwe esisodwa, njengoba umthetho, melanani ngokwabo nalabo abamele nezinye izizwe. Namuhla emazweni amaningi baphile izizwe eziningana. Ukuze zonke umehluko yabo basakaza ngokulinganayo wezombangazwe. Ubudlelwano temphakatsi kanye isimo, ngamafuphi, kumele ukuvala amathuba izingxabano phakathi kwabantu, futhi ehlala "endlini".

Ukuvela zemiphakathi

Sekungamakhulu amaningi eminyaka, ukuthuthukisa parallel, tinhlangano temphakatsi kanye isimo. Chaza kafushane le kwemvelo kanje.

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala, le ukusongeka izimfanelo ukuvela womphakathi. Okokuqala, ngesimo imibono theory. Igama elithi "umphakathi" wabonakala ekhulwini XVIII. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi sebewasebenzisa lawa magama ngendlela ehlukile ngandlela-thile kunalokhu oyikho namuhla, umqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1767 i-sefilosofi saseScotland Adam Ferguson ngokuthi zemiphakathi isici esiyinhloko impucuko European.

Lesi sibonelo sibonisa isici esibalulekile abakhileyo emhlabeni ukwazi ubudala kwenkathi. Endulo, Ephakathi ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi azikho umehluko ukuthi kwakuyodingeka phakathi temphakatsi kanye nesimo. Chaza ngamafuphi le logic kungenziwa wacabanga ukuthi labantu ayibonwa njengenhlangano ezimele. Kwakusahlala ayakhekanga tikhungo tentsandvo yelinyenti, ukuzithiba amathuluzi. Abantu njalo ubuka amandla kokubili elanikezwa nguNkulunkulu u-kwesokudla yemvelo futhi kokuvinjwa yasebukhosini. Hamba ngokumelene lesi simiso futhi inselelo lalibhekwa ubugebengu uma ungangiboni, into stupid.

buka yesayensi

Namuhla umqondo temphakatsi ubonakele sibonga umsebenzi esiyiNgisi uFrancis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles Lakho nezinye ongqondongqondo. Ekhulwini XVIII yaqala esigabeni sokuqala yokuzalwa yeningi yesimanje. Okungukuthi ekulweni monarchies ngokuphelele anikeza ugqozi ukuqonda ushintsho emphakathini European.

Kancane kancane Humanities bakwazi ukwakha isimiso ukuthi basebenzisane temphakatsi kanye isimo Kuvunyelwe (kafushane uchaze ukuthi kungaba "inkontileka social"). Amandla kanye abantu badinga ezinye ukufaka, le "imithetho yalo mdlalo" elawula nobuhlobo babo. Umphakathi kuza ngesikhathi lapho isimiso sezombusazwe ibona lilungelo lesintfu lekutfola inkululeko, ke ugcizelela ukubaluleka yangasese, kwezomnotho nokwaneliswa. ubuntu Independent - ukuthi elakhiwa emhlabeni umphakathi lesichubekako kakhulu. Ngaphandle kungenzeki ukwandisa inhlalakahle nokuzinza.

umthetho ngibopha

Yiziphi ezinye izindawo nokuxhumana ububonisa temphakatsi kanye nesimo? Kafushane mayelana amaphuzu yemigwaqo, ingasaphathwa ecaleni lomthetho mayelana nodaba. Kubaluleka ukuphila emphakathini nakwezombangazwe awashintsheki kuMthethosisekelo. Lo mthetho obalulekile uyisibonelo wezomthetho umphakathi. Nge umthethosisekelo, izakhamizi zikwazi ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo endabeni izingxabano nokungaboni ngaso linye. Ngokulandela izinkambiso ezimisiwe umphakathi, emsiza ekumiseni ngendlela okuqinile futhi ngempumelelo zomthetho.

UMthethosisekelo - umthetho eyisisekelo, kodwa ngaphandle ukuthi kukhona eminye imithetho eminingi. Bebonke, bakusekela zihlukaniswe amaqembu amaningana, olawula sesaba ukuhlanganyela ezicini ezithile emphakathini. Kukhona futhi nezimiso zisiza ekukhanyiseni esimweni ngasinye ukuphoqelelwa yabo.

isici zokwahlulela

enkantolo Independent - elinye ithuluzi okuyinto inquma ratio umthetho kanye nomphakathi. Kafushane ukukhinyabezeka kwayo kumele kushiwo, uma kuphela ngoba kwaba ngosizo kubantu bengathola ekukhishweni imithetho.

Inkantolo - umqhubi abakhulu soMthethosisekelo. Njalo uba idokhumenti kuphela isimemezelo yayo, ngosizo i adversarial inqubo Inkampani lisebenzisa lezi izimiso engabhaliwe okwakudingeka bakwenze.

Ukumelwa

Ukuze uthole isibonelo ngempumelelo zezombusazwe kudinga kwesisekelo, okuyinto ndawonye kufanele aphathe temphakatsi kanye nesimo. Philosophy kafushane kodwa ngamafuphi waphendula umbuzo ukuthi, kulokho format Kufanele bube njani ubudlelwane.

UMbuso umthwalo ukuvikela zonke izakhamuzi zawo. Insimbi main, kokulungisa ukuziphatha iziphathimandla, ngumthetho. It akufaki nangobudlova zokuphatha ayinikezi isimo ukubhubhisa zemiphakathi ezimele.

Ukwehlukaniswa kwamandla

umsebenzi State ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana: esiphezulu, zokwahlulela zomthetho. Umbhali waleli umqondo baba Lakho. Ekuthatheni eyingqopha yakhe theory encwadini yakhe "UMoya Imithetho" wayethembela ucwaningo engengaphansi abadumile ababengaphambi zabo: U-Aristotle, uPlato futhi Locke. Umgomo we ukwahlukaniswa kwamandla liye laba isisekelo ukuze Declaration of Human Rights, esenziwa ngo-France ngo-1879.

Isicelo sale imodeli - isibonelo esihle kunazo zonke indlela ukuze uthole kanye isimo, umthetho, kanye nomphakathi. Chaza kafushane le ubuhlobo kungaba isibonelo iPhalamende - isishayamthetho. Embusweni komthetho ke izimele kusuka umongameli ukuzenzela izinqumo. Ngakho, lezi zinhlangano ezimbili kuyaphikisana. Futhi, i-enkantolo ezimele efakwe kuyo. Lokhu triad kudala ukulingana izithakazelo. Akukho mandla uzokwazi ukusungula uhulumeni wobushiqela futhi abeke imibono yabo kwabanye. Ngakho ukuhlonipha amalungelo nenkululeko wonke izakhamuzi zezwe, ngoba umongameli ephalamende lazo likhethwa abanye abantu. kwenziwe Ngakho isimiso ukumelwa ethandwa. Lapho senza izinqumo, empeleni zamaphini ihlanganise kuphela nezifiso abalandeli babo. Ngakho zemiphakathi inomthelela empilweni yezwe, okwenza kube ngcono futhi kuwusizo kakhudlwana. Uma iPalamende namkha uMongameli kwephule amalungelo abantu, bangaya enkantolo, futhi, ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi esisemthethweni.

iziphathimandla ukulingana

Ngokuvamile, isishayamthetho likhulu kunawo wonke, ngoba imithetho kukhona ezingeguquleke kubo bonke. Kodwa akulona ngokuphelele. Ngqongqotshe has a lot of amalungelo, ngokukhethekile, ungenza netinyatselo ngekwemtsetfo, kanye ukusebenzisa ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela. Ukuphishekela konke lokhu kwenza kube buthakathaka ubophekile ukuba bathobele uMthethosisekelo kanye nezinkambiso ikwamukele ngokusemthethweni.

Ngokuphathelene eNkantolo, kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukuze oyedwa wonke umbuso. Lokhu yesikhungo kufanele kube esizimele ngokuxabana zezombusazwe, acebe izingobe kanye sympathies siqu. Okuwukuphela kwendlela uyokwazi ukulondoloza ukulingana komphakathi kanye nesimo. Kafushane ukuliqaqa izimiso kuzo zonke amagatsha kwamandla, futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi bahlale ngokwahlukana noma kunjalo akusho ukuphikisana ayisisekelo. Esimeni ukushayisana phakathi zikahulumeni njenge- nqubekela okunomqondo nasekuqiniseni inkohlakalo iyaqala, kulandele komnotho kanye nokwehla womuntu inhlalakahle.

Kwemalungelo netinkhululeko

amalungelo ezakhamizi kanye nenkululeko zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala - umuntu zezombusazwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nenkululeko yokuhlangana ndawonye ngokuthula, ilungelo lokubamba iqhaza okhethweni (kumele zikhethwe futhi ukuvota) futhi uhulumeni. Okuningi iqembu obuphelele nezomphakathi. It siqukethe le izici eyisisekelo inkululeko yomuntu: ukunyakaza, ukuphila, inkululeko yokukhuluma, umcabango, kanjalonjalo ..

Uma isimo ayiwavikeli lezi zimiso, kuba ngendlela uMuammar kanye kobushiqela. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu iqoqo lesithathu amalungelo nenkululeko, ezithinta izici kwezomnotho, ezamasiko kanye nomphakathi yokuphila komuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kuhlanganisa isimiso esibalulekile bangasephula yangasese.