Zokushisela: izindlela Welding nobuchwepheshe. Ukwahlukanisa Welding izinqubo

Zokushisela - a yokwamukela emalungeni unomphela ngokubeka amalahle kanye encibilika emaphethelweni izingxenye. Uma ekuqaleni kwaba izinsimbi kuphela, kodwa namuhla le ndlela ixhunyiwe, kanye nezinye izinto, ezifana plastic.

Omunye ongathi ukuthi weld ngokuhlanganyela - ingenye eye etholwe ukuncibilika noma Welding izingcindezi. Yiqiniso, ziningi izindlela ukuthola umphumela oyifunayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona isici efana arc kagesi, ukuthi nalo, futhi Welding Kwenziwa. izindlela Welding ahlukahlukene, siyozama ukwenza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuba ababheke.

Nasi umlando. ngezigaba

Ekwakheni metal - inqubo Welding kuqala. Isidingo ukulungisa imikhiqizo metal, kanye kudalwa izingxenye ezingcono abe imfuneko ekuthuthukiseni Welding izinqubo. Ngakho, i-arc uvulekele eminyakeni 1800-1802. Njengoba benza ucwaningo ehlukahlukene. Ekugcineni abantu bafunda indlela ukwenza amalunga omzimba eziphothene ngu arc kagesi. Ensimini ka eRussia umatasa ubeka welders abafanelekayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha njalo isakhiwa, ngokuyinhloko izindlela ezahlukene, njll Isibonelo esiphawulekayo sasemaphandleni kakhulu base-theory kanye nama-practical kuyinto sikhungo ukuqeqeshwa iqanjwe Bauman.

Okwamanje kukhona abangaba ngu-150 izindlela Welding wenziwa. izindlela zokushisela zihlukaniswe ngezizathu ngokomzimba, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, amaqembu amathathu ezinkulu ungabahlukanisa izinkomba ngokomzimba:

• Thermal - lolu hlobo Welding, kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa energy ezishisayo. Lezi zihlanganisa gas, arc kagesi, laser nabanye. Zokushisela.
• TMP - uhlobo Welding, kuhilela ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukushisa kodwa futhi ingcindezi. Lokhu kungaba contact, okusheshayo, ekwakheni, njll Compound
• uhlobo Mechanical zokushisela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amandla lokukhanda. Okuvame kakhulu abandayo Welding, ukuqhuma, ukuxabana futhi abanye.

Njalo uhlobo olulodwa ezahlukene izindleko energy, nobungane kwemvelo, kanye imishini esetshenziswa ngesikhathi ukusebenza.

ilangabi Welding

Kulokhu, umthombo ukushisa main uba elithungela is eyenziwe amandla omlilo uphethiloli exutshwe umoya-mpilo. Kuze kube manje, angaphezu kweshumi nambili eyaziwa amagesi okungase kusetshenziswe. Ethandwa kakhulu - kuyinto acetylene, IAF, propane kanye butane. Ukushisa liyancibilika ebusweni kanye filler impahla.

I-opharetha ulungisa umlingisi ilangabi. Kungase kube oxidizing, hlangothi noma ukunciphisa, kuncike umoyampilo negesi e ingxube. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-IAF esetshenziswa, okuyinto hhayi kuphela inikeza ngesivinini Welding, kodwa futhi izinga esihle kophawu. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isidingo ukusebenzisa wire eqolo ngokuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu manganese ne-silicon. Kuze kube manje, lena langempela negesi Welding, ngenxa ukuphepha kanye amandla omlilo lokushisa eliphezulu umoya-mpilo (2430 degrees Celsius).

Okuningi kuxhomeke yokwakheka sensimbi, okuyinto ihlelelwe ukuba ashiselwe. Ngakho, kuye ngokuthi lokhu ipharamitha lemali ekhethiwe yamathebhu izinduku, futhi angabonelela ukushuba we metal - ubukhulu babo. Ngokulungiselela ngokucophelela ngaphambi komzamo Welding.

Zonke izindlela Welding (igesi) enifana, okungukuthi lokushisa surface bushelelezi. Yingakho beza ukusebenza amashidi ensimbi 0.5-5 mm, izinsimbi non-ayoni, kanye ithuluzi lensimbi bese waphonsa yensimbi.

Ake sihlolisise ezinye izindlela i-gas Welding. Ziningi.

Kwesobunxele, kwesokudla futhi ngokusebenzisa-Welding

Lapho ukushuba ishidi akuyona kuka-5 mm kwesokunxele avame ukusetshenziswa ngendlela igesi Welding. Ngakho, sikaphalafini idluliswa kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele, Intonga yamathebhu siphambi. Ilangabi iqondiswa kusukela umphetho kanye heats isayithi kahle ukuthi kufanele ziphathwe kanye wire yamathebhu. Technique luyehluka kuye ngokuthi ukushuba metal. Uma ishidi lingaphansi kuka 8 mm, sikaphalafini ihamba kuphela eduze umphetho. Uma ezingaphezu kuka 8 mm, kubalulekile ukuba kanyekanye akhiphe iminyakazo oscillatory ohlangothini transverse ngekhwalithi weld ngcono. inzuzo Kwesokunxele indlela ukuthi opharetha ngokusobala endaweni target, futhi kungaba ukuqinisekisa ukufana.

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi Welding sangakwesokudla wukuthi kuba ukonga ngaphezulu. Isizathu siwukuthi amalangabi sikaphalafini kungukuthi iqondiswe kusukela umthungo, futhi nalokho. Le ndlela ivumela insimbi weld ukushuba esiphezulu, lapho emaphethelweni engela ukuvulwa incane. Uhamba sikaphalafini kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, futhi ngemva kwaso kukhona induku yamathebhu.

Yiqiniso, uma sicabangela izindlela igesi Welding, qiniseka ukuthi kuyazuzisa ukukhuluma ngokusebenzisa Welding roller. Sebenzisa-ke uma udinga ukuthola mpo Butt ngokuhlanganyela. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi kwenziwa imbobo phansi kokusetshenziswa kubonwa. Lapho ezihambayo engxenyeni engenhla sikaphalafini apertures Udambisa, futhi lapho okufakiwe is injected, phansi ingxenye ashiselwe. Lapho ukushuba ishidi likhulu kakhulu, umsebenzi uyenziwa nhlangothi zombili futhi wenziwa opharetha ezimbili.

Bathing Welding indlela ukuqinisa

Abaningi bethu bayawazi armature, okuyinto kabanzi ukwakha ngohlaka ezinikwe. It is isicelo agqagqene amabhlogo, yinqwaba, njll Ake sihlolisise at izici zalesi Welding. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa zokuphasa imishayo ovundlile. Indlela liqukethe yokuthi steel is eziphothene esebumba ngokuhlanganyela. It ke kudala pool metal oncibilikisiwe ngenxa yokushisa arc. Kuqondane ukuthi imikhawulo ukuqinisa ashiselwe ancibilike bese bakha okugeza ezivamile. Ngakho, kwakheka uxhumano okuphelele ngesikhathi lwaluyophola.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale udinga ukulungiselela okugeza zokushisela izinduku. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: ebusweni, nemikhawulo yomhlaba kuthiwa zihlubule, nanoma yiluphi uhlobo ukungcola isuswe, isib, nokugqwala, isigayo isikali nokungcola. Kute lendlela, ibhulashi metal. By the way, kubalulekile ukuba bakhumule valve ngobude 30 mm ngesikhathi weld. Ama-rod ezifakiwe coaxially. Kulokhu igebe kumele singeqi nengxenye ububanzi we electrode (ekupheleni).

Inqubo yenzeka ngaphansi imisinga okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho electrode-6 mm UWelder siqhutshwa ngesikhathi samanje 450 Amps. Uma kuziwa okushisa aphansi, lamanje luyanda 10-12%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi kungenziwa eyenziwa electrode eziningana. Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi le ndlela kunganciphisa yinkimbinkimbi inqubo, izindleko umkhiqizo, kanye namandla ukusetshenziswa. Kuze kube manje Vanny indlela zokushisela ukuqinisa ithandwa kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa. Lokhu kungenxa low power ukusetshenziswa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuxhumana.

Zokushisela ingcindezi (plastic)

Lolu hlobo ubizwa nangokuthi Welding abandayo. Isizathu siwukuthi ngesikhathi uxhumano kungekho Ukushisa ezengeziwe we ebusweni ngayo. Le ndlela isekelwe ukusonteka plastic ngezinto ngaphansi kokucindezelwa noma beya. Umsebenzi eyenziwa emazingeni okushisa okuvamile noma ongaphakeme ngaphandle okusheshayo. Le ndlela ubhekwa omunye omdala.

amadivaysi Special, okubangela ukusonteka of evele kusetshenzwe asetshenziselwa ukuthola eliphezulu weld ukuthi kumele pre-bahlanza. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka uxhumano Monolithic futhi ngempela aqine. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nezindlela Welding (plastic). Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu: Spot, umphetho kanye Butt.

Welding Cold ingajoyinwa izinto ezifana nethusi, okuhola aluminium, cadmium, yensimbi kanye nabanye. I encomekayo kakhulu plastic Welding kulapho kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi ngezinto ezingafani, okuyinto ayizwani ukufudumeza ukuphi.

Yiqiniso, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inzuzo enkulu futhi obaluleke kunayo Welding ingcindezi ukuthi akudingekile ukuxhuma umthombo onamandla amandla kagesi i-pre-amalahle ebusweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-umthungo, ngaleyo ndlela etholwe, akuyona kuphela eziqinile, kodwa futhi eyohlobo futhi livikela ukugqwala. Nokho, kukhona inezici ezithile ezingathandeki. Zakhiwa eqinisweni lokuthi ungasebenza kuphela okusezingeni eliphezulu ductility izinsimbi. Nakuba abanye bengase babheke ezinye izindlela Welding ipayipi esetshenziswa, kuyilapho abanye - akukho, futhi kumelwe sisebenzise ukuncibilika. Lokhu kusebenza amanzi amapayipi kanye negesi imigqa.

Ukwahlukanisa Welding izinqubo. isandiso

Ngu uqobo, inqubo wabe kanje. Izingxenye xhumelela ibekwe iseduze nomunye. Ngemva kwalokho fed umthombo onamandla ukushisa, okuyinto liyancibilika izingcezu umsebenzi.

metal Olubunjiwe (ngaphandle kwemiphumela ezengeziwe mechanical) yengezwe ezivamile weld pool. Lapho umthombo ukushisa esuswa endaweni weld, omhlophe webhola is selehlile, kanye metal imali akha khona ubuhlobo obuqinile enamandla kakhulu. Inkinga eyinhloko ukuthi umthombo ukushisa kufanele abe namandla eliphezulu futhi lokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo, umsebenzi ngensimbi, yensimbi waphonsa noma ithusi kudingeka idivayisi ne lokushisa ayizinkulungwane 3 degrees Celsius. Uma wehlisa isibalo ngamabomu, ukusebenza Welding uwela kakhulu, futhi inqubo ngeke kuphumelele.

Ukwahlukanisa izindlela Fusion Welding, ngokuya ngomthombo ukushisa kukhona lokhu okulandelayo:

• Arc Welding. Njengoba umthombo ukushisa kuyinto arc kagesi elivutha phakathi electrode futhi umsebenzi isiqeshana.
• Plasma Welding. Umthombo ukushisa - onomfutho arc kagesi. Therethrough ngesikhathi Isivinini esiphakeme (leSupersonic) is kwemijondolo nge gas lapho ethola izakhiwo plasma.
• Electroslag - sensimbi ukufuthelana ngu yokucucuza ezibunjiwe, okuyothi kagesi notshwala zamanje.
• Electron ugongolo Welding - Ukushisa eyenziwa amandla kinematic we-electron. Athuthela e cleaner bedle inkambu kagesi.
• Laser Welding wenziwa amalahle metal ngokusebenzisa ugongolo optical generator quantum. Kuleli banga emisebeni kungaba ukukhanya noma infrared.
• Negesi Welding - ukuncibilika ebusweni impatho efanele amandla omlilo igesi--mpilo ingxube.

Arc Welding nezinhlobo zayo

Kuze kube manje, okubaluleke kunakho konke izimboni eziningi Welding arc. Uma ukubala inani ezikhona, umsebenzi ongoti, kanye nenani imikhiqizo ke ngendlela ukukhiqiza high quality welds isahola emhlabeni wonke. Ake sicabangele izindlela eziyisisekelo arc Welding. Kuze kube manje, kukhona eziningana.

Okuvame kakhulu iyona Welding othomathikhi. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi abanye ukunyakaza kuthiwa ezenzakalelayo opharetha. Ngokwesibonelo, electrode ukunikezela ukuhamba kwayo eduze umphetho zenziwa ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu (njengoba kuqhathaniswa imodi semi-automatic). Le ndlela muhle ngalolo izinga le weld zokukhiqiza ukwanda kancane, futhi ubungozi bokulimala kuyehla. Okuvamise ukusetshenziswa igesi zokuzivikela esidingwa ukuvimbela namachibi futhi nitriding weld ngesikhathi imishini.

Kukhona Welding manual, okuyinto ukuthi ukuthintana ukuncibilika onqenqemeni futhi arc vusa (i-electrode non-consumable). Ngemva kokuba yamathebhu ukufuthelana futhi yancibilika, kuvela okugeza kamuva kubanga umphetho. Kuwufanele benaka iqiniso lokuthi electrode Welding izindlela usebenzisa arc kagesi oluthathwa ezicini eziningana lobuchwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngohlobo igesi esetshenziswa (esebenzayo noma inert), izinga imishini (ngesandla, okuzenzakalelayo, njll) kanye nezinye izici.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe inhlukano arc Welding

Sesixoxile kakade ngemibhalo Imibandela isimiso yokuthola joint ashiselwe e imodi ibhukwana. Ake sibheke kabanzi okwamanje. Kuze kube manje, kukhona izindlela ka inhlukano arc Welding, ngalinye elikwazi uhlukile ngendlela yalo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi electrode amaningi asetshenziswa inqubo: encibilika futhi okungezona consumable. Uma uhlobo lwesibili ekhethiwe, uxhumano weld kwenziwa kanje: Edge isetshenziswa ngomunye nomunye, futhi graphite noma ye -carbon electrode kuletha kwamanzi ngendlela efanele futhi ukudala arc. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka okugeza okuyinto osemanzi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile futhi lwakha weld. Le ndlela kuyinto efanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezisansimbi non-ayoni futhi Alloys zabo, futhi ibuye isetshenziswe Welding.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa electrode consumable nge daubing ekhethekile. Le ndlela kungenziwa ngokuthi yakudala, ngokuya Welding manual, njengoba yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi futhi lisetshenziswa okwesikhathi eside. Umehluko kusuka indlela echazwe ngenhla kuphela itholakala lokuthi ukuthi electrode Incibilikile kanye ebusweni. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka okugeza ezivamile, okuyinto Uqinisa ngemva kokususwa arc ukwakha weld eliphezulu. Ukukhethwa zokushisela indlela incike esimweni esithile, impahla, ukubunjwa, nokuningi.

Amanye amaphuzu asemqoka

Sesihlole izindlela eziyisisekelo Welding. Basuke evamile zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: igesi abandayo futhi kushisa. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ngezindlela ezikhethekile yokuthola ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela. Sidinga ke uma kuziwa izinsimbi esisheshayo futhi Alloys yabo. By endleleni, lokhu okubalulekile ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni ukwakhiwa izingxenye ezibucayi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umsebenzi wenziwa endaweni umoya-mpilo okuqukethwe ongaphakeme kanye nitrogen emoyeni, futhi umthombo kufanele kube izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isibonelo okuphawuleka plasma bese uvumelanise Welding. Esimeni sesibili, umthombo ugongolo afana CRT futhi voltage ka mayelana 30-100 kV.

Okuningi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi mnandi ngokuya ukuthola Welding izinga uxhumano plasma. Nge essence yayo, siba kuncane okwaziwayo ngaso. Ngo inqubo kukhona izimpawu ezisemqoka, ezifana conductivity ka kagesi plasma zamanje. Le gesi obumba plasma, ngaphezu umsebenzi walo main futhi ivikela umphetho kusukela namachibi futhi nitriding. Singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi kuwufanele ukunaka amasu, kodwa kukhona ezinye ukulinganiselwa. Ngokwesibonelo, amandla supply kumele abe voltage engaphezu kuka 120V, futhi ukufakwa eqolo futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi.

isiphetho

Lapha esibhekana ngayo yokuthi Welding ezinjalo. izindlela Welding ehlukile. Ezimweni eziningi, umsebenzi akuyona kuphela ukuthola izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ku-opharetha, kodwa futhi umthungo eqinile ezokwenza ukumelana ukucindezeleka mechanical isikhathi eside. Zikhona izindlela ezehlukene ngoba Welding electrode, isibonelo, consumable noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe ziyahlukahluka kuye amakhosi art. Othile esivumelana sifeze umsebenzi we Welding ngakwesokunxele, umuntu - kwesokudla.

Ngisho eziyisisekelo izindlela Welding valve kumele kwenziwe ngokulandela imiyalelo. Ngiyavuma, kwakungeke kube kumnandi, uma ukwahlukanisa uyogcwala kuphela ngoba UWelder faked futhi wanquma ukubeka kancane.

Kuze kube manje, wonke lwezinhlobo ezivame ngaphezulu ukulungiselela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezibizayo kwakwakhe. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe kuholela yokuthi akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukusebenzisa Welding sokukhanda ngenxa fragility isakhiwo. Okwesibili, zama ukuthola eliphezulu weld okungahambisani aphule ngesikhathi imithwalo eside ashukumisayo futhi vibratory. Lokhu kulula sifinyelele, ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi ukushaqeka vibration - izitha ebaluleke kakhulu joint weld. Kodwa Welding yesimanje (izindlela Welding) is njalo ngcono, ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha ukuze siqinise futhi ukuthola amalunga omzimba enamandla futhi eliphezulu.