Ngingaba bangabhemi uma isitimela? impendulo irrefragable

ugwayi Ukubhema ku Russian Federation kulawulwa umthetho Federal. inombolo yakhe - 15-FZ. Umthetho senzelwe ukuvikela impilo yezakhamuzi nokusondelana nentuthu kagwayi, intuthu kanye nemiphumela elimazayo babulawa ukusebenzisa ugwayi.

Muva nje, umthetho ukuba bangabhemi uma izitimela elide nezitimela cishe kungagcini. It okwakwenqatshelwe awuthunqise kuphela ethoyilethi nasesikhathini gumbi yemoto. Tambour ukuthi naqaphela ukubhema ndawo. Kodwa 6.1.2014 yomthetho satjhugululwa. Singabonisa yini manje yokubhema izitimela?

izichibiyelo

Kusukela ngehlobo lika-2014 ngokuphelele non-ukubhema izitimela izitimela elide. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda bonke nesithakazelo umbuzo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ngibheme esitimeleni. Futhi, manje rasprostranetsya ukuvinjelwa eziteshini terminals izindawo.

Ngithemba ukwenza iphutha

Ngingaba bangabhemi uma isitimela? Naphezu komsebenzi ububanzi conductive achazayo, umbuzo ivamise ukucelwa abagibeli. ERussia, ukubhema ingxenye yesithathu yomphakathi wabantu. Ngakho-ke, lokho okushiwo yinkulumo umthetho akukafiki bonke. Kunalokho, abantu abaningi basalokhu bengakakwazi bakholelwa ukuthi umthetho onjalo empeleni lidlule. Kubonakala sengathi izakhamuzi elindela ukuthi unokuthile bengayiqondi. Ingakapheli iminyaka emibili entry kokusebenza isichibiyelo emthethweni, abagibeli ucelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe: "Ngingakwazi bangabhemi uma isitimela ibanga?". Impendulo categorical futhi isobala: "Cha!".

Can ngibhema egumeni isitimela?

Abantu ababhemayo azame ukucacisa leli phuzu, enethemba sakhipha ukuthola izaba. Phela, ngaphambi ukwamukelwa ukuchibiyela kubhekwe inviolable tacitly neyaziwayo isimo tambour kurilok. Impendulo: awukwazi!

Ngingaba bangabhemi ethoyilethi esitimeleni?

Abathandi ukubhema ngenxa yokwethuka ngifuna indlela bazinakekela ngokunethezeka uma beqhathaniswa nabanye endleleni. Kodwa kumele baqonde unomphela in the long ibanga isitimela bengayi intuthu - noma kuphi!

A zamabhasi?

Wabathanda, kungenzeka ukuba awuthunqise phezu kwe-izitobhi isitimela, impendulo kunikezwa ngoyebo. Amazwana kuya Wezangaphakathi zoMthetho Federal kuchaza ngokusobala ukuthi: imithetho ebekiwe ukuthi bavunyelwe ukubhema ezisekelweni, buqamama ukuze esiteshini okungenani 15 m.

Unentshisekelo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ngibheme esitimeleni, noma okungenani eduze ke (ngesikhathi sekhefu), kufanele unake kulesi simo: ukuvinjelwa ukubhema asisebenzi amapulatifomu nakuzingxenyekazi, izitimela isikhala-ibanga ayeke, ngaphandle ezindaweni elisoGwini yokungena igumbi w / esiteshini sesitimela at ibanga angaphansi kuka-15 metres!

UMbuso Duma iKomiti ekubhekaneni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, lapho idokhumenti yasungulwa, wachaza ukuthi nakuba akumelanga uvinjelwe ukubhema eziteshini ezokuthutha zomphakathi. Umthetho akusho apelwe nokumiswa.

Emgwaqweni lapho unga

Ukubhema emgwaqeni futhi okwamanje akuvumelekile. Imigwaqo kanye ezindlini zabazalwane yezakhamuzi ayizindawo kuphela lapho ungakwazi ubheme okwamanje. Kodwa kukhona imikhawulo enikeziwe.

Akuvunyelwe awuthunqise phezu ebaleni lokudlala yezingane, amagalaji, amabhishi, phezu ezisekelweni isitimela. Futhi eseduze (ngaphansi kuka-15 m) okokufaka w / iziteshi d ibhasi, izikhumulo zezindiza, izimbobo zasolwandle kanye emfuleni, eziteshini.

yomthetho anti-ukubhema: umlando

Anti-ukubhema umthetho, kulolu hlu izindawo lapho ungakwazi ubheme, amahhovisi, iminyango, izibhedlela, izikole kanye amanyuvesi, amabhishi, zokudlala, isiteshi igesi, indawo engaphansi kuka 15 amamitha kusukela zamabhasi, eziteshini kanye zezindiza, Waqala ukusebenza mhla lu-1 kuNhlangulana 2013 st. Ngemva konyaka, bamukela izichibiyelo zomthetho, uhulumeni bavinjelwe ukubhema izakhamuzi emahostela, amahhotela, iIgama izikhungo, izimakethe embozwe nezinye bethenga sites, kanye izitimela elide, ngezimoto, imikhumbi, izinkundla ephumula izitimela lwabagibeli.

Ukubhema yilokhu kuvinjelwa nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela impilo labo abangabhemi, ikakhulukazi izingane.

resonance

Okwengeziwe wazamazama isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke njalo seliphindeke izikhathi ezingaphezu unswinyo ngamazwe, yalahla iRussia. Kunzima ukuthola labo abaye bahlala qakala umthetho.

relaxations

Ukuze abagibeli abangakwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle osikilidi, umthetho unikeza kwabanye enteleni. Kubo, umnikazi ingqalasizinda ingase ifakwe ezindaweni ezikhethekile. Nokho, ukuhlomisa izindawo ezifana umninilo kudingwa wumthetho. Lokhu kungaba isinqumo sakhe kwezohwebo, okwandisa izinga lenkonzo umgibeli.

Namuhla, ayikho megacities Russian ukubhema ezindaweni ezikhethekile azikwazi eziteshini.

isijeziso

Ngenxa yokwephula umthetho kukhona elinesijeziso:

• I-ezivuthayo yizakhamuzi endaweni engafanele igcwele esihle ruble 500 1500.
• boMnyango ukuhlukumeza esifanayo angase bazohlawuliswa e inani ayizinkulungwane 10 kuya kwezingu-20 basihlikihle...;
• izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ungakwazi ukuyikhokha yonke leyo mali obuyizinkulungwane 30 kuya kwezingu-60 basihlikihle...;
• ukubhema zokudlala kuyinto yisigwebo ahlawuliswe ayizinkulungwane 2-3 ukukuthinta..;
• inhlangano ngeke inikele insimu yayo ihambisane ukuvinjelwa ukubhema, wahlawuliswa e inani ayizinkulungwane 60 kuya kwezingu-90 deda...;
• izinhlangano ukuthi musa ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala izimpawu ekuvimbeleni ukubhema - ruble 30 ayizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane 60 ..
• inhlangano kabani indawo ifakwe ngokungemthetho igumbi - ruble 50 ayizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane 80 ...

Umthelela kwezomnotho

Ngaphezu izinyathelo eqine ngokungadingekile, umthetho unikeza futhi emnothweni ku ababhemayo. Ngo-January 2014, kwaba khona kuphakamisa mkhuba intela imikhiqizo kagwayi kuleli zwe. izaphulelo wavalwa ngo osikilidi akuvunyelwe umnikelo kwemikhiqizo yogwayi ukukhangisa imikhankaso. Akuvunyelwe ukubonisa imikhiqizo kagwayi kumafilimu, umsakazo nethelevishini izinhlelo, kanye nokunye. D.

Umthetho uhlinzekela

Wabathanda, kungenzeka ukuba ngibheme esitimeleni, kufanele wazi:

• Umthetho unikeza ukuthi, e elide izitimela abagibeli ukubhema kufanele ukubamba futhi akangajeziswa amaphoyisa.
• On the amapulatifomu, Isitimela somhambi wendawo uyama ababhemayo kufanele ukuqapha okuqapha.
• Ngezinye iziteshi lokuvala abagibeli ukubhema kufanele kukhumbuze nabasebenzi Railways Russian. Nge ezisekelweni iziqukathi izinqamu zikagwayi kumele zisuswe.
• ukwesekwa Izingubo kufanele kube lisemsebenzini izitimela. Amaphoyisa abenza umzungezo ojwayelekile ukwakheka, phezu ukuthola abagibeli ukubhema sakhiwa umbiko zokuphatha. abasebenzi Railways owaphawula abaphuli wazise amaphoyisa.
• Umgibeli owaphawula ukubhema umakhelwane, ingazisa umqhubi. Conductor kufanele ubizwe ngokuthi iqembu lamabutho izimoto zamaphoyisa lokuhambisana sitimela, linqume isigwebo.
• Ngu umqhubi esitimeleni intuthu izakhamuzi ebambekile akukwazi, ayikwazi ukulungiswa Eqinisweni zokubhema. Uma amaphoyisa isitimela lamabutho sishoda, kufanele ngokuthi kusukela esiteshini esiseduze.

Isijeziso futhi Protocol

Abameli bathi amaphoyisa kuphela sihlawulise abagibeli ababhemayo. Ukutshala ngaphandle isitimela babengenamduduzi amalungelo. Abagibeli kungaba ukwehla uma okukhathaza futhi abaxokozeli. Obhemayo, wathola umbiko icala zokuphatha, ubophekile ukuba bakhokhe kamuva. Ngo ukwakheka izikweletu kumuntu osonile ku imali ayizinkulungwane 10. Hlikihla. ngeke size siye kwamanye amazwe.

Ikhodi bokuPhatha Amacala sinika: uma esihle ingakhokhwa ezinsukwini ezingu-60, kukhona nokwanda senani kathathu.

ukugxekwa

Ukuze umthetho eziningi anti-ukubhema kubonakala unonya. Odokotela ngokuthi umlutha kagwayi akuyona bethanda, kodwa isifo. Ukuvimbela umuntu ukubhema ngokuhamba kwezinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu akunakwenzeka, odokotela bathi, ngoba yentando yakhe akuxhomekile.

Abagibeli esitimeleni ukuba bangabhemi uma umthetho umthetho ngokuthola ukuthi zonke izinhlobo izintuba, ochwepheshe bathi. Othile uyokwenyuka yokuma ngoba intuthu. Othile ukukhokha umqhubi, futhi yena "abazange bakuqaphele" ukubhema egumeni. Othile Buda ukubhema ngefasitela endlini yangasese, ukudala ulayini noma wahlela phakathi izimoto, engozini ewela ngaphansi kuka-ingxenye ezihambayo.

izitimela amabanga amade kufanele ifakwe Igumbi okungenani ukubhema, - ochwepheshe bathi. ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukwamukelwa yomthetho inani inhlawulo "emthethweni" ukubhema enhloko-dolobha zaba ruble ayizigidi ezingu-6.5. Isibalo Muscovites, badelela anti-ukubhema umthetho, - ezingaphezu kuka-30 eziyinkulungwane abantu.

Ukwephula amalungelo wedemokhrasi

Ochwepheshe baye bame kwelokuthi umthetho ukuthi kuphulwe umthetho futhi kungagcini amalungelo ezakhamizi. Emphakathini kwakhiwa umbono wokuthi isenzo ayidingi ukuba bavinjelwe, kanye nemfundo isiko ukubhema. Amasekela asondele abaningi babheka olukhulu kakhulu futhi akacabangi amalungelo civil zalabo basolwe kodwa ukuthi kuncike umlutha.

Umthetho omusha akusho acabangele into ezifana ukuvumelana komphakathi, ochwepheshe bathi. Emphakathini lapho cishe isigamu amalungu ayo bayabhema, kwemvume, hhayi ukuvinjelwa. Lokho zokubhema benza izithelo superzapretny, akusho ukunciphisa inani ababhemayo. Umthetho kuyinkinga ukuba neispolnyaemosti ngokuphelele - lena qhuba ongoti.

Iyini imiphumela?

Ngokuphelela futhi vimbela okwangimangaza ngokweqile ukuze umphakathi waseRussia. Ngemva ukwethulwa inhlawulo ukubhema ezitimeleni kakhulu kwehle yokuthengisa Railways amathikithi. Ngokuvamile, umthetho, ngokusho kongoti, akuyona ngempumelelo. Abaningi ababhemayo ka vestibules iyiswe zangasese. Kulokhu, okokuqala kunakho konke, we jeza abagibeli non-ukubhema. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ezifundeni ukuvinjelwa akuzange kusebenze nhlobo: ezama ukudonsa abantu ababhemayo ukuthi ubulungisa, amaphoyisa bangqubuzana nge ukumelana Imininingwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaphoyisa lehla kakhulu igunya.

Umkhuba kanye nokuchichima kokuthula okwandile izinqamu zikagwayi abonisa ukuthi ezibangelwa yilokhu kuvinjelwa indiva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudala izinkinga eziningi ezengeziwe:

• ezikhulayo inkohlakalo phakathi abasebenzi Russian Railways ngubani namukela umvuzo ngokunginika abagibeli ithuba ukuba bangabhemi uma ngendawo engavunyelwe;
• abagibeli awuthunqise ekusithekeni futhi aphonse izinqamu zikagwayi, esabe kokuhlola ezindaweni ezingafanele, okuholela imililo;
• esiteshini emsamo ukuba ngibheme aphume inombolo enkulu abantu kuka kudalwa simo esikhungathekisayo yalowo obhemayo ngokwabo, kodwa futhi kwamanye abagibeli;
• ukubhema ku ukufika phakathi izimoto noma iwindi yangasese igcwele izingozi;
• eziwohlokayo isimo ngokwengqondo ababhemayo kuka ukudala isimo okungekuhle nokuvuselela izingxabano.

Futhi kanjani omakhelwane?

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba bangabhemi uma isitimela Belarusian. Emithonjeni enokwethenjelwa kuyaziwa ukuthi umgwaqo nabo babengicindezela ukuba ngibheme endaweni Belarus ungenziwa kuphela phesheya. Okusanda Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi izitimela Belarusian ayenendawo izitsha zomlotha kagwayi, futhi abagibeli bayakwazi ngokomthetho lapha kungaba zithunqe. Kodwa akunjalo kudala kwimithetho umgibeli zokuthutha satjhugululwa: manje ungakwazi ubheme kuphela izitimela ngamazwe, ezindaweni eziklanyelwe le njongo.

Endleleni eya Russia noma Ukraine, ungakwazi awuthunqise phezu kwendawo yakwa-Belarus, futhi ngemva kokuwela umngcele. Ngendlela efanayo isitimela eLithuania, Poland futhi izwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngaphambili. Kodwa esitimeleni esiya Berlin, ukubhema uvunyelwe kuphela ensimini ka Belarus nePoland. umkhuba Landelayo kungavunyelwa imithetho.

Gada nokulandela imithetho okufanele Kuqondisa. Ukubuyisela oda kubangelwa amaphoyisa uma kudingeka. Ukuze yokubhema isitimela noma enye indawo kungavunyelwe Belarus uncika ahlawuliswe ayizinkulungwane 400. Ruble Non-anikezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angasuswa isitimela.

On analogue electronic

Ukwethulwa imikhawulo emisha okubangelwa izakhamuzi umbuzo ezinengqondo mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nozakwabo electronic ugwayi? Kungakhathaliseki zisebenza imithetho obekelwe yona? Can ngibhema ugwayi elekthronikhi esitimeleni?

Ochwepheshe uqaphele ukuthi Russian Federation awacatshangwa electronic ugwayi nogwayi. Bona belingisa inqubo ukubhema, kodwa zenziwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ugwayi leaf. Njengoba ugwayi electronic akuzona imikhiqizo kagwayi, ukusetshenziswa kwabo nokudayiswa akuzona kungaphansi kwemikhawulo. Ukusebenzisa kwabo e izindawo zomphakathi uvunyelwe.

Ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba, ngoJanuwari 2016 ezitimeleni Railways ibhaliswe ngokomthetho ugwayi ukubhema electronic ngqo emotweni. Ngakho kule Railways uyasiduduza ukubhema abagibeli. Njengoba ezothatha isikhundla yakudala usikilidi vaporizer-nicotine ketshezi ovunyelwe ukunciphisa ngokuphazamisa ukuhamba esitimeleni esiya ababhemayo nogwayi. Ngo izitimela elide, ugwayi electronic ayatholakala emakhemisi ngo babashayeli. imikhiqizo alahlwayo (zakudala ugwayi ukunambitheka, degrees ezintathu amandla) elibiza ruble 250. Ngezinye Izitolo okudayisa, intengo - ruble 100-150. usikilidi Electronic angathengwa umqhubi kanye ilungelo ukuba bangabhemi uma imoto.

isiphetho

Ngokwe ucwaningo, abalandeli ukubhema kusukela kwamukelwa I enqabela wesishayamthetho WaseRussia is ninganciphi. Ngokuqinisekile, Akwamukelekile ukuthi abantu ushevu ukuphila ongabhemi wafting yonke indawo acrid intuthu, ingozi empilweni yabo. Kodwa kuyokusiza ukuvimbela? Lena ngabazeka. Njengoba isibonelo, singase sikhumbule le nokungasebenzi wokutholwa we "umthetho ezomile".

Isixazululo sale nkinga, kudinga indlela enezici. izimo ezikahle endleleni, kanye empilweni ngokuvamile, kubalulekile ukwakha zonke izakhamuzi, ezihlanganisa ukubhema.