Zilingana Chemical - esekelwe esethola zamakhemikhali

Ngokusho komunye ngeengaba elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinqubo zamakhemikhali, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili ukusabela okuphambene - awushintsheki futhi engelapheki. ukuphendula esethola awufiki ekupheleni, okungukuthi, noyedwa izinto eziye bangena kuyo, is asiqediwe ngokuphelele futhi akashintshi emakamu. Le nqubo eqeda ukusungulwa yakhoibrium zamakhemikhali noma ibhalansi, okuyinto selisho ⇌. Kodwa phambili bese ukuhlanekezela ukusabela uqhubeke okwengeziwe, ngaphandle kokuma, abizwa kanjalo ibhalansi ashukumisayo noma yeselula. Kuyofika yakhoibrium chemical kusikisela ukuthi ukusabela ngqo okwenzeka ngezinga elifanayo (V1), nokuthi ephambene (V2), V1 = V2. Uma ingcindezi futhi izinga lokushisa kukhona azizange zishintshe, ibhalansi ohlelweni ingahlala phakade.

Quantitatively yakhoibrium chemical esachazwa yakhoibrium njalo okuyinto isilinganiso constants umugqa (K1) nempendulo (K2) ukusabela. Bala kungaba ngokuvumelana ifomula: K = K1 / K2. Ukusebenza kwe-njalo yakhoibrium kuzoncika yokwakheka reactants futhi lokushisa.
Displacement yakhoibrium chemical isekelwe esimisweni uLe Chatelier, esifundeka kanje: ". Uma uhlelo okusho zilingana, nethonya elikhulu ngokuba izici zangaphandle, le yakhoibrium kuyaphazamiseka futhi bashiya okuhlukile kulolu shintsho"

Cabanga izimo yakhoibrium zamakhemikhali ukufuduka yayo phezu isibonelo kumiswa ammonia molecule: N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 + Q.

Ukucabangela lesi kwesibalo ukuphendula, setha:

1. Ukusabela eqondile - yokusabela of enkompolo, njengoba 2 izinto ezilula kwakhiwa 1 complex (ammonia), kube yibo - noqhekeko;

2. ukuphendula ngqo, uqhubeka nenqubo kumiswa ukushisa, ngakho - kuba exothermic, Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanekezela - endothermic futhi uhambisana ukumuncwa ukushisa.

Manje cabanga kwesibalo enikeziwe ukulungisa nemingcele ethile:

1. okuhlushwa ushintsho. Uma lokuhlushwa izinto kokuqala ukwandisa - nitrogen ne-hydrogen - futhi inciphise ammonia, le yakhoibrium ihamba ngakwesokudla ekwakhekeni NH3. Uma ufuna ukulihambisa kwesokunxele, ukwandisa lokuhlushwa ammonia.

2. Ukwanda lokushisa kuyosishukumisela yakhoibrium maqondana yokusabela lapho ukushisa amuncwa umzimba, futhi kwehlisa - iyagqanyiswa. Ngakho-ke, uma ukwanda lokushisa ammonia zamagama, le yakhoibrium kugudlukela ngasengxenyeni izinto sokuqala, okungukuthi, kwesokunxele, lapho izinga lokushisa - kuya tesekudla umkhiqizo ukuphendula.

3. Uma ukwanda ingcindezi, the yakhoibrium ugudlukela eceleni, lapho inani izinto gaseous incane, futhi lapho ingcindezi incipha - ohlangothini lapho inani igesi iyakhula. Ngo Kuhlanganisa NH3 kusukela N2 naku 4 amavukuzi ka 3H2 etholwe 2 NH3. Ngakho-ke, uma sandisa ingcindezi, the yakhoibrium ihamba ngakwesokudla, ekwakhekeni NH3. Uma ingcindezi kuyehla, ibhalansi ngeke bayeke bebheke imikhiqizo yasekuqaleni.

Siphetha ngokuthi yakhoibrium kumakhemikhali kungase baphazamiseke uma sokukhuphula noma ukwehlisa:

1. lokushisa;

2. ingcindezi;

3. lokuhlushwa izinto.

Lapho wethula iyiphi kulethe ku ibhalansi ukuphendula engashintshwa, ngamanye amazwi, chemical yakhoibrium akuyona siyabhubha.