Isakhiwo ubuchopho bomuntu

Akukhona nje ukubona onguchwepheshe, kodwa wonke umuntu othole imfundo enhle ewusizo ukwazi ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nesakhiwo zobuchopho. Ubuchopho kanye izakhiwo zalo kanye nezimpilo ayikaphendulwa imfihlakalo isayensi yesimanje. Lolu cwaningo zobuchopho enikelwe ingxenye enkulu kwezokwelapha.

Izingxenye zobuchopho

Wabasaqalayo ukufunda isakhiwo zobuchopho adinga ukwazi leyo kuneminyango ezinhlanu eziseqhulwini: medium, eside, misa, Lesisemkhatsini, kokugcina. Isakhiwo ubuchopho obuphakathi, futhi bakhulise medulla inezici eziningi esifana emgogodleni. Lezi neminyango babe izinzwa ukuxhumana izitho zangaphakathi, imisipha, isikhumba, futhi elihlanganiswe eside ezivamile yesayensi "ingxenye stem ubuchopho." Le ngxenye futhi ngokuvamile baphathe futhi diencephalon.

telencephalon apharathasi, futhi ikakhulukazi ama- yayo has umehluko kubalulekile kusukela neminyango isiqu ingxenye. Cluster inombolo emsipheni ngqamuzana lifinyelela 109. Lena inombolo omkhulu izinzwa kuhlelwe izingqimba eziningana. Evolved ngenxa yokusikwa inkulumo, ukuqeda ubuchopho bomuntu iyona amaningi asethuthukile zonke izidalwa emhlabeni. Brain Nenkabazwe - is, eqinisweni, substrate impahla belinganisa umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa.

Lining zobuchopho

Ukutadisha isakhiwo zobuchopho, awukwazi miss ukunakwa igobolondo lakhe. Ubuchopho, efana emgogodleni lizungezwe amagobolondo ezintathu: kwangaphakathi, phakathi futhi yangaphandle.

Igobolondo kwangaphakathi (esithambile) ngokuqondile eduze ebuchosheni, futhi eduze ilandela sendawo. I ventricles ahlelwe plexus imithambo yegazi, ekukhiqizeni zokuzivikela cerebrospinal fluid.

ulwelwesi Median (iwebhu) is yokungangeni anemifantu futhi lisakazeka phakathi convolutions, ukwakha isikhala (amathangi), lapho kukhona kunyatheliswa cerebrospinal fluid.

emgodleni engaphandle (okuqinile) has izinqubo ezikhethekile (ziboya), okuyinto zitholakala phakathi izingxenye zobuchopho futhi awuvikele uthuthumele. Eliphawuleka kakhulu kukhona isikela zobuchopho elihlobene ne-inkatho longitudinal phakathi ama-, futhi ngaphandle kwakhe, tentorium cerebelli okuyinto ehlukanisa cerebellum futhi Nenkabazwe. I sinuses udonga lwangaphandle ngokufanele (iziteshi ekhethekile lapho outflow wegazi emithambo yegazi kwenzeka). I-sine eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa saggital (aphansi kanye engenhla), i-transverse (sokunene nesobunxele), sigmoid (sokunene nesobunxele) kanye itheku oqondile. Umsebenzi we igazi eligciniwe ebuchosheni wenziwa carotid yangaphakathi nokuvaleka kwemithambo vertebral. Futhi kwakhiwa futhi umbuthano lwemithambo, esemgwaqweni base zobuchopho.

Injongo we- cortex cerebral

Ukutadisha ikhanda ka Ubuchopho bomuntu lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti, sibona ukuthi izikhungo ezithile cortex cerebral isixhumanisi ngqo izinqubo ezithile zomzimba. Ukuhlolwa ezilwaneni baye babonisa ukuthi izikhungo akudingeki kube nomehluko ocacile sokusebenza. Phakathi ucwaningo, Silahle ingxenye ethile cortex cerebral, okuyinto kwakuthiwa ngezenzo ezahlukene. Kuvame waphawula iphethini lapho kwenye ingxenye cortex zobuchopho wagabadela umsebenzi ubhujiswe. Le mpahla lihlotshaniswa ezingeni lelisetulu plasticity we- cortex cerebral. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi abaningi nzonzobala bhunkula welithi "isikhungo" ngokwalo. Ngokuvamile, isayensi yesimanje ibona yokuthi izindawo ezahlukene cortex anezincazelo ezihlukile, kodwa akukho nhlobo phakathi kwalezi ezimbili. izikhungo idatha ezindaweni cluster analyzer cores. amaseli kancane Ezindaweni neuropathy babe imisebenzi ezikhethekile. Izingxenye ezithile cortex ukunikeza ezinyakazayo, isikhumba kanye nokuzwela proprioceptive, ikhono lokuzwa, ukubona, kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Lena isakhiwo uhlaka zobuchopho bomuntu.