"Zil" isitshalo. Likhachev Plant (Zil) - ikheli

Automobile izimboni - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu isimo nokwaneliswa yiliphi izwe ucishe ezinkulu. Yiqiniso, ezweni lakithi kukhona amabhizinisi amaningi afanayo, enye yazo embonini Zil. Indaba ukubonakala kwakhe nokuphakama incazelo isimo samanje ezibekwe kule nto.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ngo-1915, it ekugcineni kwaba sobala ukuthi backwardness lobuchwepheshe of the Empire, isiRashiya, kubiza kakhulu ngaphambili. Omunye ukulahlekelwa giant kubangela e Manpower nobuchwepheshe phambili kwaba iqiniso elisobala ukuthi ayizindlela zokuqala zokuzivikela akazange abe nesikhathi ukuze bakhuphule amagobolondo amachashazi. Zazingekho amaloli, futhi traction isilwane wayengekho ngempumelelo ngokwanele.

Yingakho ngo-1916 insimu Tyufelevoy lezixuku wabeka zokuqala zokwakha Amo isitshalo. ukwakhiwa kwalo kwakugcwele ubunzima obukhulu, ngoba izwe nje akazange abe umshini olulodwa ukwenziwa izingxenye ezidingekayo. imishini Sami eRussia nabo ukukhiqiza yayingekho indlela, ngakho-ke konke kufanele ngaphambilini e-United States.

Ngemva Red Okthoba

Ngo-1918, ngemva Okthoba Revolution, abasebenzi kwadingeka bathole izindlela ezingavamile okwenza izingxenye ezisele njengoba supply kusuka phesheya kwakungasekho. Eyokuqala ngoNovemba 1924 senziwa ngowokuqala iloli Soviet Amo, okuyinto lakhiwa ezakhini eziyinhloko yasekhaya. Lolu suku ubhekwa ngosuku ekuqaleni yesimanje Russian embonini yezimoto.

Ngo-1927, okuthunyelwe ka Umqondisi ivume IA Likhachev. Yafika okuthunyelwe esibucayi ezinzima, ngesikhathi izwe futhi izisebenzi ezinekhono noma amandla ukukhiqiza ngisho nokuthi inombolo ezanele eliphezulu steel. Ukukhiqizwa ezimweni ezinjalo kwaba ezibizayo ukuze amaloli akhululwe e-United States, kuwufanele 30% (!) Yalutho!

Ukuze sibhekane nale, umuzi ovuselelwe emikhulu simila kwenziwa ngo-1931. Vele belunjani okukhulu ububanzi olufanayo lomsebenzi, kufakazelwa ibinzana we Likhachev: "Eqinisweni, thina bathunga ijazi ngoba izinkinobho ...". Nakuba lesi sitshalo namanje ngokuthi Zil ZIS. Kuze 1939, inkampani wakwazi ukudedela amaloli angaba ngu-40 eziyinkulungwane kuphela amo, ingasaphathwa mayelana inani elifanayo izimoto American, ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi ilayisensi. Khumbula ukuthi kusukela 1917 kuya 1920 wayeshiye esangweni izimoto esingaphansi anamabini amawaka. Ngo-1939, le mboni uye wasebenza abantu 39747.

1941-45

Impi isibe sizi ezizosiza izwe lonke futhi iqembu imboni. Njengoba inkampani ukhiphe umkhiqizo ezinkulu (hhayi nje amaloli kodwa futhi izibhamu regimental, amagobolondo, njll), abasebenzi bayo ngezihluthu bengabizwanga. Nokho, basebenza ezimweni ezinzima ukuze intsha uthanda ukuya phambili.

nobunzima Kakhulu wanezela ukuthi ngo-1941, lesi sitshalo kwadingeka asuswe ezindaweni zawo kwamanye amadolobha, ezingxenyeni. Ngo-1942, ngenxa yesimo esinzima ngaphambili, futhi usongo bamba amaNazi base ukukhiqizwa wayalelwa ukubhujiswa ngokuphelele ibhizinisi. It ukulondolozwa ifektri Zil counteroffensive kuphela ebusika eduze eMoscow, ngenxa okuyinto oda kubuyisiwe.

Yiqiniso, ngokushesha inkampani babeyizisebenzi ikakhulu ubudala, abesifazane kanye nabantu abasha. Isigamu-babulawa, kumihlangano unheated, babefanele ukuqoqa amazinga front-line. Futhi baye babhekana. amaloli kuphela ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane engunyaza ukuba lezi ezimbi iminyaka emine!

ngemva kwempi

Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo Zil waqala ngenkuthalo kabusha futhi kabusha. Cishe eminyakeni efanayo, iSoviet Union nokubambisana asebenzayo nge China. Ngokusho imiphumela izingxoxo e China, yayakhiwe kahle kwemboni, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se ukwakhiwa imibhalo Soviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Soviet Union bamenywa ochwepheshe Chinese ukuqeqeshwa.

Zonke kwesikhathi okwalandela kuze kube sekupheleni of the 80s, ifektri Zil eMoscow ukwandisa amavolumu ukukhiqizwa. Ochwepheshe lenkampani bahlanganyela wonke amaphrojekthi emikhulu yezwe: imithi futhi isikhala, ezempi kanye embonini yezimoto - konke lokho kwase kwenziwa kuhlanganise izandla zabo.

Grave 90

Ingxenye yokuqala omubi isitshalo 90 namanje ubambe. Ngandlela-thile wakwazi ukuhlenga asele Soviet-inkathi izinkontileka, futhi kabanzi abahwebi zenzeka namanje ukuthenga izimoto. Ngo-1994, ibhande elihambayo eyenziwe "lokugcina Mohicans," Zil-130. Kwakubonakala sengathi Zil (Zil) ophila ezinsukwini zaso zokugcina.

Kusukela ngo-1995, izinto zaba ezimbi ngempela. Isibalo esingaphezulu kwengxenye izitolo angene esimeni, abasebenzi baxoshwe ngobuningi ngoba babengenakuphika lutho ukuba zondle imikhaya yazo. Kancane bophulwe imikhiqizo oda ezincane, ngezinye izikhathi asele izindawo zokukhiqiza Ukucwiliswa okuyinto amaqoqwana elincane ukukhiqizwa. Ngo-2011, isimo iye yaqhubeka iwohloka ukuze ishiywe ifektri usayizi endaweni ubelokhu efana endaweni yonke-Russian Exhibition Centre Isikhungo.

iminyaka 1996-2011

Ngo-1996, abanikazi ibhizinisi uwohloka ngokushesha steel Dmitry Zelenin no-Aleksandru Efanov. Mangisho ukuthi bona ngokwabo wayengakaze akubone ku sikhundla, kodwa ayikwazanga udlule ukwabelana sithombo esingatshalwanga ngaleso sikhathi izindleko ngokoqobo amapeni.

Into yokuqala bathola uhlelo evamile alamu, nezimagqabhagqabha izimbobo giant ku ezicijile (ngisho imishini ukweba), kanye kwethulwa pass entsha, njengoba simiso esidala isikhathi eside ngempela wasebenza. Ngenyanga yokuqala liye uvinjelwe ukweba abangaba yisigidi zamadola. Kwakubonakala sengathi izinto zihambe ngokushelela, abathengi reappeared Zil. Likhachev isitshalo kancane kancane bangenwa amakhasimende amasha ngisho nakwamanye amazwe.

ukuhluleka entsha

Maye, Luzhkov wacabanga ngenye indlela. Ngakho ukuthi ungaqala kanjani isitshalo inzuzo baba ucezwana lokudla kakhulu "ibhizinisi wasemakhishini" futhi Efanova Zelenin ngokushesha ophoqelelwe ukuthengisa esigxotsheni elilawulayo. Inkampani waphinda waba impahla eMoscow, okuyinto ngaphambi automaker befa kwaba ngokuphelele akudingekile.

Ngokusemthethweni, ukuba kukhiqizwe izigidigidi wathela zamadola, ukubaluleka ukwabelana wakhula ... Kodwa izinto zihambe ziba zimbi kakhulu, abasebenzi futhi ezinyangeni ayitholanga inkokhelo. Ngakho izinto zihambe kuze 2010. Ngesikhathi lesi sitshalo yayisivele cishe esishiywe dengwane. Lapho, ngo-1939 wasebenza cishe izinkulungwane 40 abantu 7000 washiya "ngesikhathi sokubusa ngentando yeningi." Ngo-2010, babutha 1258 (!) IIgama. Elihambayo wema.

It kusindisa kuphela isitshalo ukuthi izindawo omkhulu atholakala workshop lapho ngempela etshaliwe izimali, kodwa ngoba ukukhiqiza into esobala. Imali uya ngisho eJapane.

2011

Kulo nyaka kuyinto ongasoze yokuthi Sobyanin efika. Labe selidubula akucaci ukuthi yiziphi umqondisi akhawunti, ilinqabile ukunikezwa ukuthengisa lesi sitshalo, futhi eqala ukuthululela imali ku inkampani. Ingabe izoshisa izikhotha ngempela? Yize waziwa. Nokho, ngo-30 Agasti 2011 ekugcineni liqalwe kabusha inqubo ukukhiqizwa, waqala ucishe esitebeleni Yakha izimoto. Umuntu kumelwe amane bathemba ukuthi isitshalo Likhachev okwamanje unqobe obumbi.

izitayela ezintsha

Njengoba sazi ukuthi namuhla kuyinto rearmament asebenzayo yempi, ukuphathwa kwenkampani uhlakulela amathemba okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi oda uhulumeni zizobekwa amandla akhe. Banikezwe umlando kancane kancane uvuselela ekilasini abaklami, lokhu banayo kwakungenxa yesizathu esihle. Kunoma ikuphi, uhulumeni uye walisho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ukuvuma le kuphangwa sokugcina inkampani noma kunjalo engenakwenzeka.

Ikakhulukazi, inkampani ekugcineni evunyiwe isimo yedolobha ukwakha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi-ke ziyoba kungakhathaliseki ucwaningo lokuhlola ukuthi kuzokwenzeka. Kuleso simo namuhla Zil isitshalo. ikheli Inkampani - 115280, eMoscow, ul. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.