Yiziphi main esitolo ifomethi

Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngalokho kukhona ifomethi esitolo, nokuthi ihluke kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda uyini ngokucacile Izitolo Russian.

Isimo samanje okudayisa

manje ukuhweba nokudayisa buya ngokuya ezibalulekile. It uxhuma izinqubo lokukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa kanye ukusetshenziswa, ukwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa. Trade namuhla uye washintsha abalulekile kwesakhiwo. Inombolo izimakethe ihlelwe angesabi kwehle kakhulu. Izitolo babé emikhulu futhi ukuncintisana phakathi kwabo kwaqina. Okwamanje, okudayisa ukuhweba inzuzo ngokuyinhloko izinhlangano commercial futhi osomabhizinisi ngabanye, abenza bafeze imisebenzi yabo ngaphakathi inethiwekhi fixed.

Izitolo e lokuncintisana enikeza yonke impahla entsha kanye nezinsiza. Kuze kube manje, izimo emakethe libhekene khona kwezinhlangano eqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona esitolo izakhiwo ezintsha. Ukuthuthukiswa ukuhweba libhekene izinguquko eziphawulekayo amafomu ukunakekelwa mishini. Kule ndaba, "namaSoviet" ngezigaba akuvezi esimeni sayo samanje.

ngezigaba nenqubo

Izitolo ezifanelekayo ukwabelana hhayi kuphela izinhlobo nezinhlobo, kodwa futhi ngobukhulu. Lezi zindlela ngezigaba kulokhu zimi kanje:

• ububanzi;
• endaweni;
• intengo;
• Ifomu-Merchant Services;
• emkhathini;
• indawo;
• iqembu target abathengi;
• ukukhuthazwa.

format ezitolo Basic ezithengisa ukudla

ERussia namuhla kukhona 5 nezakhiwo ezinkulu izitolo ukuthi ngokukhethekile ukudla:

• ukuthenga "ekhaya";
• discounter;
• ukuthenga-ishede;
• esitolo;
• hypermarket.

Ukuhlola kafushane ngamunye wabo.

hypermarket

Uyazi umehluko phakathi hypermarket kuya esuphamakethe? Abaningi akakwazi ukunquma ukuthi yini umehluko phakathi kwabo. Lezi zakhiwo ezahlukene ezitolo okudayisa ngobukhulu futhi ububanzi.

Ihayiphamakethe - isitolo, usayizi okuyinto mkhulu Usayizi esitolo. endaweni yayo akuyona esingaphansi 10 sq. M. m. Futhi, yehlukile esitolo enwetshiwe ezahlukene imikhiqizo, okuyinto zokhahlamba kusuka izinto 40 kuya kwezingu-150.

Isithombe esisodwa noma ngaphezulu endaweni yokupaka enkulu ihlelwe amakhasimende. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi Hypermarkets abathengi ngokuvamile eze ngemoto. Kulezi izitolo, ngokungafani nezinye izakhiwo, ufuna ukuba banake kakhulu kube lula kakhulu lokuba izivakashi zabo okwesikhathi eside. Kufanele ube izindlu zangasese, Izitolo ukudla, zokudlala zezingane, izindawo womkhiqizo, ukuzilibazisa izindawo, njll

Isuphamakethe futhi esitolo "ekhaya"

endaweni Supermarket - kusuka 2 kuya kwezingu 5 sq m.. m. Lokhu format kuhlanganisa yavula ikamelo layo elikhulu, ukutholakala imigwaqo, elula izindawo esitolo, isimo ethokomele, enhle design ingaphakathi. Ububanzi - ezintweni 4 kuya kwezingu-20.

Hypermarkets nezitolo, emafektri usebenza i izingxenye ukonga futhi phakathi emakethe. Kuqhathaniswa nezitolo ezinkulu, zingabantu yelinyenti. esitolo Okwezomnotho uhlukaniswe izigaba ahlukene ngesisekelo intengo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa kulekelelwa isitolo "ekhaya" - ifomethi omusha. It is endaweni ekahle, libhekene i enwetshiwe umsebenzi sikhathi, ithengiswe inani elilinganiselwe kwansuku ezidayiswayo.

isitolo sendawo yokubeka izimpahla

Isitolo sendawo yokubeka izimpahla ngokuvamile evulekile inkampani wholesale ukuthi ungakwazi ukuthenga izinto eziningi izimpahla ezinkulu ehlisiwe abakhiqizi noma ezinye abahlinzeki. Futhi, bakwazi ukuhlela inkampani, okuyinto distributor lomkhiqizo. Okwamanje, isabelo uhwebo lwezitolo kuyehla njalo ngonyaka. abakhiqizi abaningi abasebenza ngqo abathengisi. Thenga-ishede kuleli cala, it is a omuhle "inguquko" qophelo wholesale ukuba ukuhweba iimfesi.

Emuva ngawo-1960, kwakhiwa le format. Okokuqala, amaklayenti izitolo ezinjalo babe abameleli amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi ukuthi ukuyithenga ukolweni omncane kwezimpahla ngentengo ephansi. Le fomethi kuchazwa ngumuntu akuxhomekile yabathengi, kunokuba yokuthengisa. Kusho ukukhokhwa yokuthenga ngemali, bese iklayenti elisusa izimpahla. Ukulandwa ukuvumela imali kanjalo zandise inzuzo kusho isitolo izimpahla, kuyilapho ekunciphiseni izindleko zokuqhuba ibhizinisi.

discounters

Ekhuluma discounters, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuheha amakhasimende kuphela abe iholo eliphansi. Ukuvakasha kwabo abathengi kanye maphakathi kanye engenayo ephezulu ngisho. Ngakho, discounters kuyalungiswa nezidingo zamakhasimende.

Njengoba ungase ukhumbule, esitolo nezakhiwo ivelele ngobukhulu, ububanzi, intengo kwezimpahla, kanye nezinye. Ngokuphathelene discounter, futhi endaweni kwazo kuvela 500 1.5 sq. M. m. Ububanzi kwezimpahla iyona ngempela ewumngcingo, kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe azitholakali. It ayinikeli design wezangaphakathi, ngaphandle kwe-corporate inethiwekhi design nolwazi abathengi.

Lezi zitolo zitholakala ezindaweni okuhlalwa kuzo, njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi hhayi izivakashi ungaba ezokuthutha yakho. Idlanzana Isaphulelo ezitolo, lakhelwe abanikazi imoto, elise empambana khona imizila emikhulu, ngokuvamile emzini.

Ukucaciswa ezitolo Russian

New esitolo nezakhiwo engenhla, ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo yokuthengisa Iinhlangano ukuhweba: self-service umthengi, khona okuthengiswayo jikelele, zokuxhumana yabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani Russian ukuthi asebenza ngaphakathi kubo, babe inombolo yezici. Amankampani asebenza ngefomethi hypermarket, ukufanisa iningi labo zesiLungu. Nokho, izimiso Russian discounters, nezitolo ezinkulu, izitolo "ekhaya" babe imininingwane yabo. Abanaso ukulingana ezamukelwayo phesheya. Lokhu kumayelana ikakhulu inqubomgomo zamanani.

Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani Western format "ekhaya" setha okusezingeni eliphezulu uphawu-up on izimpahla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la izitolo ibe nendawo enkulu, ithathwa ngokuthi inkonzo. Ifomethi "ekhaya", esenziwa ngo-Russia, kuba kuyiwa. ngokucacile wayo liqukethe yokuthi ezingeni intengo lesi sitolo oluhambisana amandla okuthenga kwezakhamuzi zemibuso wesifunda lapho likhona.

Izakhiwo izingubo ezitolo

Market, mnyango esitolo, inkundla - izincazelo zazo anganika njalo Russian. Izakhiwo izingubo ezitolo ezincane, eyenzelwe umthengi nge komholo ojwayelekile noma ongaphakeme nazo ajwayelekile kithi. Nokho, namuhla kukhona ngaphezulu amagama amasha ukuthi bamele izinhlobo isikhala commercial. Siphakamisa ukuthi sicabangele ezinye ifomethi zokugqoka ezitolo, okuyinto muva uvele ezweni lethu.

Boutique

Boutique - igama nge imvelaphi French. Ngakho ngokuthi isitolo esincane ukunethezeka izimpahla imfashini. Boutique - Isitolo, okuyinto uthengisa izingubo okukhethekile kanye nezinsiza. ububanzi zayo zingase zihlanganise brand izingubo eziningana, kodwa akusho lokho ngempela. Boutique kungase futhi kube iphuzu esemthethweni ukudayiswa kwezindlu abadumile imfashini. Ngamanye amazwi, kungaba multi-brand futhi mono-brand.

Leligama lisetshenziswa zanamuhla imfashini obizwa nangokuthi esitolo ezibizayo futhi imfashini izingubo, okuyinto libhekene nasezingeni eliphezulu of service, amakamelo kuphela yakhelwe, i okunezinhlobonhlobo izimpahla, eshaya ungubani yenkampani futhi ethize nezithameli (abesilisa nabesifazane komholo ojwayelekile naphezulu).

Igumbi lombukiso

Igumbi lombukiso - leli gama lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu English lisho "Showroom". Le fomethi esitolo kuhilela ukubeka Showroom lapho amasampula lemikhiqizo iqoqo. Izinkampani akuzona banesibopho sokuzinakekela imikhiqizo yabo siqu ku ezidayiswa zabo ngezindlu amakheli kuphela abasabalalisi futhi ulwazi mayelana izimpahla. Lapho ezidayiswa amafemu usabalalisa imikhiqizo, kungenzeka ukuba wenze ukuthenga ngobuningi.

Ezweni lethu, eziningi zalezi ezitolo ahlele ukudayiswa amasampula izingubo, okuyinto ivezwa kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingase ngokuqondile ukuletha kusukela izicathulo phesheya, izingubo nezinye izinsimbi ukuthi kungukuthi ithengiswe emakethe Russian. Lezi zinto they dayisa at "ukuboniswa amasayithi", okuyinto ngenhlanhla kuphambene ifomethi ezidayiswa emhlabeni.

Concept esitolo

Ezweni lethu kancane kancane ukungena esitolo izakhiwo ezintsha. -kontsept eyodwa emaceleni. NgesiNgisi izwi lisho "multi-esitolo". Lezi Izitolo akuzona ethandwa kakhulu ezweni lethu, kodwa e-Europe umqondo esitolo ikuyo yonke indawo. Igama elithi eladabuka 1990 ngasekupheleni. Labe yasungulwa indlela entsha ukuhlela multi-brand boutiques. Umcondvo lomcoka endzabeni kwaba ukwethula izivakashi indlela "yokuphila".

ngokuvamile Kuthengiswe umqondo esitolo izinto zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kodwa bahlanganiswe umqondo (umqondo). Lokhu esitolo ukudala umoya akhethekile isikhala ukusiza ukuletha izwe ukuze ikhasimende ezithile. I classical umqondo esitolo inikeza izinto ezingavamile kakhulu futhi elinganiselwe, kodwa yakhelwe abathengi nge lengenako ezahlukene.

Namuhla ethandwa kakhudlwana lezi nezinye nezakhiwo esitolo. kancane kancane Russia assimilates isipiliyoni amazwe aseNtshonalanga, ukuhweba lapho namanje kangcono ihlelwe kuka ezweni lethu. yezitolo Foreign ifomethi, izinhlobo nezitayela okuyinto namuhla ingatholakala ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, njalo elokhu ivela. Ngenxa yalokho, ulindele izinguquko ezinkulu kule abakhileyo ikusasa lezwe lethu.