Virus varicella-zoster - kuyini? I-Herpes zoster: Ukwelashwa, Ubangela, Izimpawu

Upokisi noma, ngaphezulu ngendlela efanele, ingxibongo umoya, ijwayelekile cishe zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi Earth. It usivuza nge amagciwane omnandi ngokuthi varicella-zoster, evulekile ngo-1911. Kwathatha engaphezu kweyikhulu kusukela kuleso sikhathi ezikude. Varicella kakade wafunda ubude nobubanzi, kodwa ukunqoba kuze kube yilapho umuntu can not. Ibangelwa lokhu igciwane lesifo ayibonakali yinto engathí sina ngokukhethekile, ngoba lokufa kuzo 1 ayizinkulungwane 100 izimo, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi hhayi kusuka ngokwabo, kodwa emirarweni kubangelwa kubo. Lapha kulezi yezinkinga samanga. Varicella-zoster igciwane uyakwazi ukungena egazini, ama-lymph, kumasistimu eziningi umzimba. Susa kusuka lapho kungenakwenzeka. Uma busuka umzimba wethu, amagciwane uhlala nathi kuze kube phakade.

Portrait of igciwane

Varicella-zoster Varicellovirus kungokwalabo bohlobo kuhlanganisa 17 zilwane. Phakathi kwazo yilezo ezithinta kuphela izilwane noma izinyoni ezithile, kodwa kukhona ngeso lomuntu. Lezi ukukhathazeka futhi ukubukwa kubhekwe yithi "zoster". Igama kusho ngesiGreki "Leli bhande" ibonisa ukuthi esibonelweni izilonda, waphawula njalo kunabo.

Catch ke kusukela izingulube, izinkukhu, izinja kanye nezinye izilwane akukwazi. Ngo taxonomy ngamazwe kwamagciwane ezithathelwanayo ibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo Human alphaherpesvirus 3rd. Zonke amagciwane microscopically amancane, kodwa ngamunye wabo siqu esiyingqayizivele "ubuso" zalo. Microscope usibonisa ukuthi varicella-zoster ezimise round noma kancane okusaqanda, abe core ehlanganisa DNA, negobolondo ugcwele ameva wenza amaprotheni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ekuqaleni ukushaya umzimba isisulu, igciwane kubangela upokisi isifo.

Izindlela ukutheleleka

Varicella-zoster igciwane ithelela kuphela abantu, ikakhulukazi ingane zasenkulisa kanye esikoleni izingane. Inani eliphezulu ikakhulukazi izifo e izikole, izinkulisa, kunoma iyiphi inombolo enkulu amaqembu. Indlela - sisemoyeni (sneezing, ukukhwehlela) kanye pin. njalo kwakhiwa Bubbles, okungase ukubala izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane amagciwane emzimbeni ingane igula. Lapho lezi Bubbles wavele, ngamagciwane exudate nimkhiphele imvelo futhi bangangena emzimbeni umuntu enempilo ngokusebenzisa izandla ezingcolile, izinto noma xhumana umzimba, ezifana isandla Shake. Umusa amagciwane angaba khona kuphela amaseli wesisulu wasitshela ngezimoto zaso, ngakho-ke, ukuba ngaphandle, sichayeka. Abakwazi kalula ukubulala isixazululo magciwane, abilayo, iyiphi izinto zokususa amabala.

izimpawu

Lingena emzimbeni wethu varicella-zoster ngomlomo, okuyinto imali kwi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Won 'bridgehead "yabo yokuqala, amagciwane yethulwe limfososudy, igazi, emaphashini, isimiso sezinzwa kanye autonomic, umgogodla intambo amaseli. Engena phakathi lezi zindikimba, baqala ziyazala nokuthi kakade yingcweti emzimbeni, okubangela isifo. Kusukela ngesikhathi ukutheleleka kuze izimpawu zokuqala kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-14 noma ngaphezulu. Uphawu oyinhloko upokisi Akukhona ukubukeka Bubbles ukuqubuka wonke umzimba. Ekuqaleni, Babukeka njengezihlahla Izigaxana abomvana, kodwa ngokushesha kukhule kuze kungabe nekhanda umdlalo noma kancane kancane. Ziyakwazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba mncane kuyinto exudate ayevumela. Ngesikhathi ama-Bubbles wavele, kusobala exudate, futhi sihlale sisendleleni Izilonda isikhumba, kuyilapho ithuba desiccation ku yoqweqwe notwayi.

Amazinga e esikoleni onesifo akuvamile antante izindinganiso eziphakeme futhi, njengoba umthetho, esiqhutshwa endaweni 37,5 ° C, izimpawu zokudakwa ngokuvamile ningagcini, kodwa ingane kungaba ezingezwakali, akudle, singabi abavilaphayo. Izingane ezindadlana (iminyaka 7-12) ahlupheke upokisi luyindida kancane xaxa, nakuba banaso lesi sifo kungavuka ngendlela kahle kulula nge low-grade imfiva kanye umuzwa wokwaneliseka.

Varicella inkinga ukuqubuka wukuthi iziguli zabo bonke ubudala kakhulu itches. Izingane batshelwa futhi Dabula koqweqwe olungabonakali, okushiya isikhumba sokuphila kwakho uphawu-ospinki.

Kubantu abadala, upokisi eyinhloko, lesi sifo singumbulali kakhulu. Basuke zabhalwa

• ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• ikhanda;
• okusezingeni eliphezulu izinkomba lokushisa;
• ukuqaqamba umzimba;
• thuthuva ubuthongo;
• ngezinye izikhathi isicanucanu ukuba ihlanze noma ukuhlukumeza kwesitulo.

Upokisi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nezinsana zabo

Phakathi upokisi abakhulelwe kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini akuvamile (hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-5%), kusukela iningi layo okhulelwe omama upokisi ngesikhathi esengumntwana, futhi umzimba iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa amasosha varicella-zoster igciwane. Ewusana olusanda kuzalwa izinyanga 6, nabo kunikeza isivikelo igciwane. Ngakho-ke grudnichki upokisi cishe aziguli.

Ngeshwa, uma isifo eyinhloko ingxibongo igciwane kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kunobungozi ukuthelela kubo nesithelo (8%). Uma lesi sifo kwenzeka ngo senyanga yokuqala, futhi 5% izingane kungenzeka kombungu ezahlukene azalwa naso (Ukudlikizela, ukukhubazeka, iminwe esingesihle, ukubukeka okungafanele izitho). Lapho lesi sifo senyanga yesibili nezinsana 2% ngeziphambeko ozalwa, ungakashadi amacala sifo yokuthathu yesithathu.

Kodwa uma umama waphathwa inkukhu Pox izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kwezidingo noma ezinsukwini ezimbili emva banayo upokisi ukuqhutshwa osanda kuzalwa nzima kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngisho nokufa.

Sifo varicella-zoster, IgG, Igm nezinye omzimba

Lucwaningo lwangaphambili ka "inkukhu Pox" wavuswa ongaboni. Manje odokotela eyenziwa kokuxilongwa ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni igciwane okubangelwa isifo futhi yini kuye emzimbeni namasosha. ukuhlola Modern kuhlanganisa:

• Smear kusukela ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukucacisa uhlobo igciwane.
• Ukuhlaziya exudate Bubbles.
• Omzimba abaseqenjini Igm, okuyinto akhiwa cishe ngokushesha lapho kuqala sifo pre-B-lymphocyte, futhi igazi Kutholwe ngosuku 4th zokugula. Ngemva kwalokho iziguli abonise amasosha omzimba namanye amaqembu. IgG amasosha omzimba amagugu zikhula kancane, kodwa futhi kancane encishisiwe emva ukunyamalala izimpawu ebonakalayo isifo futhi ibole. Kuyinto impahla yabo isetshenziselwa sitholakele izinhlobo ezithile izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

ukwelashwa

Ngokuvamile, iziguli upokisi hhayi esibhedlela. Indlu kubo baphishekela inkambo izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane ( "Acyclovir", "brivudine", "gerpevir"), ngomlomo linqume antipyretics, antihistamine, nesimungumungwane zonke ezigcotshwe ngopende eluhlaza noma fukortsinom. Ukuze uthuthukise ukungatheleleki Odokotela futhi udumo amavithamini nokudla.

Umzimba owayesegule for a lifetime kukhona amasosha igciwane varicella-zoster, okuyinto bavikelekile ekuphindeni utheleleke futhi. Ngokuyinhloko lokhu omzimba IgG amaqembu, kodwa kungenzeka sibe khona futhi iqembu Iga, Igm. AT Iga ezingeni lehla kakhulu by ngenyanga 4th emva isifo. Ngokuyinhloko ziyakuvikela nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye izitho zangaphakathi bakha u-20% bonke amasosha omzimba. Igm ka immunoglobulin, ayisiza Imininingwane 10% no 75% IgG. Ziyakwazi kuphela akwazi ukuba adabule placenta (sibonga lalilincane) nokunikela amasosha omzimba ezingenzeka embungwini esibelethweni.

yezinkinga

Njengoba ngemva upokisi emzimbeni kubantu kukhona amasosha varicella-zoster igciwane IgG, bathola amasosha omzimba ukuphila kwethu konke. Izinkinga lesi sifo izingane evamile kungaba ukutheleleka, efakwe ohlwini e imihuzuko papules. A izingane enganamandla kakhulu kukhona yezinkinga kungenzeka:

• inyumoniya (izimpawu: ukukhwehlela, imfiva, cyanosis kwesikhumba, iphika);
• Encephalitis (izimpawu: ikhanda, imfiva, Ukudlikizela, ukulahlekelwa ukubambisana, isicanucanu);
• bursitis;
• sokuqaqamba kwamalunga;
• thrombophlebitis.

Kubantu abadala, lokhu ku isizinda upokisi ingaqala:

• laryngitis;
• tracheitis;
• meningitis;
• encephalitis;
• ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo;
• sokuqaqamba kwamalunga;
• Erysipelas;
• abscesses, cellulitis, streptoderma.

izimbangela Amashingili ka

Lesi sifo okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi "ezimise okwama-tile." Varicella-zoster igciwane, kanye abanjwe emzimbeni, qhubeka uhlala esicashile (akusebenzi) ibeke amangqamuzana ezinzwa emgogodleni, emizweni cranial ku ganglia (amaqoqo sezinzwa) isimiso sezinzwa. Ngenkathi amasosha omzimba womuntu sinamandla, bona athule musa ngihluphe abanye abantu. Kepha njengoba masinyane njengoba umzimba buthakathaka, amagciwane kweso isebenze. Ngenxa yalokho, lo omusha inkukhu Pox kungenzeki, kodwa umuntu uqala nezinye isifo - ezimise okwama-tile, ebhekisela esigabeni ukubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi ubukisa ukuqubuka isici emzimbeni.

izizathu:

• ukuhlinza, ukulimala kanye nezinye izifo, kuhlanganise nezifo sibi zokuphefumula, Umkhuhlane;
• ukucindezeleka kwemizwa;
• abampofu ukudla izinga;
• umsebenzi onzima, umzimba uyakhathaza;
• nezimo zokuphila ezingezinhle;
• isifo esingelapheki, okwakunginika uyahluleka uma elwa nokuphuza;
• ukhulelwe;
• hypothermia;
• isitho ukufakelwa;
• kunemithi noma amaphilisi owaphuzayo ukuthi nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela;
• nokuguga.

izimpawu

Amashingili ngokuvamile kwenzeka abadala kodwa futhi izingane ababuthaka ababenolwazi upokisi, kungase futhi kube sitholakale. izimpawu yakhe eyinhloko ezibukwayo kukhona ukuqubuka emzimbeni, ngokuyinhloko elise khona, lapho iziqu emsipheni. Nge-herpes eduze ekhaleni futhi phezu izindebe yalesi sifo akuhlangene, njengoba omunye igciwane elibizwa ukuhlaziywa imibukiso. Virus varicella-zoster, ukuthola inkululeko kusuka ukuzigcina isheke amasosha omzimba, liphuma amangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi aqondise axons kwabo amathiphu Izinzwa. Kufinyelela Umgomo, kudala ukugula kwesikhumba. Izimpawu-kokumethemba:

• lokushisa;
• ukukhathala simbe, futhi umkhuhlane;
• yokuntuleka amandla;
• ukunyamalala esesuthi;
• ubuhlungu futhi ukulunywa (ukuluma ngezinye izikhathi ongaziwa) emkhakheni nokuqhuma esizayo.

Izimpawu ngesikhathi isiqongo lesi sifo:

• awahlabi ngesimo Bubbles nge exudate esobala;
• evuvukele zamanzi;
• ubuhlungu neuralgic (engahle okuncane noma eqinile);
• lokushisa subfebrile ngenhla;
• izimpawu zokudakwa.

Ukugula Uthatha ngesonto inyanga.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo ukuqubuka

Varicella-zoster kungaba ukuhlasela izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimise okwama-tile:

• Bamehlo (wamshaya legatsha amehlo ka emsipheni trigeminal ngalolo kungalimaza i-cornea). Owabonakaliswa ubuhlungu emehlweni, ukuwa buka, ukuqubuka phezu amathempeli ezizungeze amehlo.
• Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (ehlaselwa imisipha zilingise, ukuqubuka nasemkhakheni ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo kanye umsele indlebe).
• Engine (myotomes zamangala futhi dermatomes, iziguli esekhala nobuhlungu obukhulu imisipha esitho we ibhodi lemisindo).

Ngokusho inkambo isifo ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo:

• abortifacient (ngaphandle ubuhlungu futhi ukuqubuka);
• fibrosis (awahlabi esikhulu kakhulu);
• ukopha (igazi samanje amabhamuza exudate);
• Necrotic (papules senziwe indawo zesikhumba necrosis);
• generalized (ukuqubuka wonke umzimba).

ukuhlola

ezimise okwama-tile emtholampilo futhi zibukeke phambi ukuqubuka ngokuvamile iphutha for appendicitis, angina, pleurisy kanye nezinye izifo. ukuqhuba ukuhlaziya laboratory uma kunesidingo. Varicella-zoster zembula uphethwe okusheshayo, ukuhlola amasampula ngesibonakhulu. Futhi usebenzisa immunofluorescence nezindlela serological. Kakhulu izifundo laboratory eyenziwa kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Grudnichki-iziguli;
• izingane immunodeficiency uthi;
• herpes atypical;
• Yiqiniso kuyinkimbinkimbi lesi sifo.

Ezinganeni, itheleleke esibelethweni, atholakala inqwaba yamasosha omzimba varicella-zoster amasosha omzimba IgG futhi Igm. Ukwehlukanisa wenziwa PCR. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela futhi osiza ekuboneni ukuthi ungubani igciwane ngokungabi bikho ukuqubuka esikhumbeni futhi khona yayo phezu izitho zangaphakathi.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa herpes zoster

Uma ukuhlaziywa wawumuhle - varicella-zoster ukuthi nginesifo 100% iqiniso. Ngemva kwalokho, lo dokotela eyonquma algorithm ukwelashwa. Mangisho ukuthi intsha ezimise okwama-tile sihamba ngaphandle izidakamizwa, kodwa engashiyi ukudla futhi embhedeni ukuphumula. Imithi ungasheshisa yokutakula futhi kuvimbele yezinkinga, kanye ukususa ubuhlungu kanye lokushisa, uma ikhona.

Elwa namagciwane elibekelwe iziguli abaneminyaka engama 50, buthaka kakhulu, wahlupheka ukulimala nokuhlinzwa, abaphethwe izifo ezingelapheki, nezingane. izidakamizwa luvame - kuyinto "Acyclovir" "Famciclovir", "Valacyclovir", futhi phakathi amaphilisi ezinhlungu "ibuprofen", "Ketoprofen", "naproxen" futhi analogue. Futhi ngomlomo ebekiwe anticonvulsants, imithi yokucindezeleka nezidambisa corticosteroids. Lapho itheleleke nge varicella-zoster iso kanye / noma isiguli esibhedlela ingqondo.

yezinkinga

Kuye kwabikwa e-28% usuke kusuka ezimise okwama-tile. Iziguli esekhala:

• angaboni kahle;
• ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa;
• ikhanda njalo futhi kwenja;
• angesabi kokuvela isiyezi;
• umzimba soreness emva ukunyamalala ukuqubuka.

Kwezinye iziguli zingase ziqale esingamahlalakhona senhliziyo ebuthaka futhi / noma kwezinso, ageleze inkinga izifo oncological, izimpumputhe, izithulu, ukulimala ebuchosheni futhi / noma umgogodla intambo izicubu.

Umgomo Zostavax yakhelwe njengoba isilinganiso izifo. ukusebenza kwalo Kumiswa empirically, ilingana u-50%.