Umshayeli German Hartman Erih

Wonke umuntu ejwayelene nezigigaba eziningi pilot Soviet Aces, yabonisa ubuqhawe bakhe ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kodwa kancane kuthiwa mayelana lokuthi abashayeli German kwesikhathi e neze kunabayeni aviators yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshayeli German Hartman Erih kuyinto umpetha kokuba isibalo esiphezulu ukunqoba umlando zezindiza emhlabeni. Asixoxe ngokuningiliziwe yomlando wakhe.

intsha

Hartman Erih Alfred wazalwa Apreli 19, 1922 edolobhaneni elincane Hlakaniphile ezweni Württemberg. UJesu wayengeyena ingane kuphela umndeni, umpetha esizayo wayenomfowabo abasebasha, u-Alfred, kamuva futhi umshayeli ukulwa.

Ngo-20-yalolucwaningo omkhaya Hartmann sika banquma ukuthuthela China. Isizathu ububha lapho kwakukhona umndeni eJalimane isimo abhekene naso ngaleso sikhathi esibucayi ezinzima kwezomnotho. Nokho, kakade ngo-1928, Hartman Erih, nabazali bakhe nomfowabo, baphoqeleka ukuba baphindele emazweni akubo, lapho bahlala edolobheni Weil im Schönbuch e Württemberg.

Uthando zezindiza kwakungu-Erich igazi ngoba unina Elise Hartman wayengomunye walaba pilot lokuqala zesifazane eJalimane. Esikhathini 30s, wayeze wavula siqu glider esikoleni sakhe ukuthi indodana yakhe yaqedwa ngempumelelo.

Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, Hartman Erih ngo-1936 wathola National Institute Semfundo Yezombangazwe. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, wenza intombazane isiphakamiso Ursula, ahlangana naye lapho ukutadisha esikoleni esiphakeme kakade Korntal. Yiqiniso, yena babengeke benqabe umuntu onjalo kwenye indawo ezithakazelisayo njalo ethembisa osemusha njengoRuthe Erich Hartmann. Izithombe kusuka yabo ye-albhamu yomndeni ingabukwa ngezansi.

Qala yesevisi

Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, umshayeli esizayo Erich Hartmann sanquma ukukhonza kule Luftwaffe - Air Force Wehrmacht. Ngemva ekunqobeni ekhazimulayo Aces German ngesifiso sakhe kuphela lwaqina, futhi ngempumelelo ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe indiza ngo-Okthoba 1941.

Ezinyangeni zokuqala ka-1942, kanye no-Erich wayeqhubela amakilasi nokufundisa omunye Aces phezulu German - Hogan. Leli qiniso Yiqiniso, ayikwazanga esikhathini esizayo ngeke kuthinte Imiphumela zalo ezinhle. Okubaluleke ngokuyinhloko kwadingeka amakilasi yabo fighter "Messerschmitt Bf109», nabo Hartman Erih iboshelwe lonke umsebenzi wakhe njengoba umshayeli.

Ekugcineni, ngo-October 1942, i-ace esizayo wathunyelwa North eCaucasus njengengxenye lesishiyagalolunye isigaba 52nd Fighter isigaba (JG-52), okuyinto kwadingeka ngaleso sikhathi kakade inkazimulo nodumo, eholwa kwamasosha umkhuzi wawo Dietrich Grabakom.

Kungcono inhlanhla ngokuzayo

Ngokushesha kwaba ubhapathizo lomlilo Erich Hartmann. Lutho esizayo nobuqhawe noma oluvelele umpetha wayengazange uzibophezele. Ukwenza indiza kanye umeluleki wakhe oqondile Edmund Rossman, walahlekelwa emehlweni indoda endala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza ka-Erich Hartmann yisifo ngokuzumayo fighter Soviet. Kodwa kumelwe ngincome umshayeli abasha - namanje wakwazi ukuthola kude isitha wafaka yekhamera yakhe.

Ochwepheshe abaningi kamuva wamemezela ukuthi u-Erich Hartman umane bethukile. Kodwa kokwesaba libhekene cishe zonke abashayeli bezindiza, wenza sortie walo wokuqala, ngisho labo ababa umpetha neyaziwayo esikhathini esizayo. Nokho, indiza okunye Erich akazange alilahle ube ngukwethuka kuwe zilawule phezulu.

lokuqala ukunqoba

Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni ezinjalo ezicindezelayo kwenkonzo yakhe kwezempi, ekuqaleni kuka November, Hartman Erih wakwazi ukuthola ukunqoba kwakhe kuqala ngaphezu kwesitha emoyeni.

Yisisulu Senkulumo amabili umshayeli waba Soviet kuhlasela indiza IL-2, okuyinto bekulokhu Umphikisi enganakiwe futhi eyingozi pilot-German. Kodwa u-Erich ephethwe ngekhono ukubhekana naso. Wakwazi kuyiwe izindiza isitha eduze ngangokunokwenzeka futhi kuhloswe ukuthola uwoyela yakhe epholile. Leli qhinga uye waqeqesha abashayeli bezindiza abasebasha ukulwa umpetha German Alfred Grislavsky. Kamuva, i-Hartman umshayeli uye wazisebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe lesi senzo ulwa lolu hlobo amadivaysi.

Nokho, njengoba ngaso sonke isikhathi, kwaba ngo impukane wamafutha e lamafutha. ibanga budebuduze naleli izindiza ababeke wadlala ihlaya elibi, futhi izingxenye zencwadi ke exhunyiwe kudivayisi Erich. Waphoqwa ukuba wenze kokwehla eziphuthumayo. Kwaba sifundvo kuhle umshayeli abasha, ukuze uqhubeke ke, ngemva ukubabulala isitha at uhla close, njalo Ngazama ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuphambukisa indiza yakhe endleleni.

ihora Finest

Ngemva le mpi kuqhathaniswa yimpumelelo kulandela uchungechunge ohambweni akuphumelelanga. Ngakho, u-Erich Hartmann alandelayo izinyanga ezintathu wakwazi knock phansi iyunithi eyodwa kuphela lesitha.

Lokhu ihora ukunqoba umshayeli abasha senzeka ngesikhathi Battle of eKursk, okwenzeka ngo-July nango-August 1943. Naphezu jikelele umphumela esibi empini ye amabutho aseJalimane, kulapho-Eric yafika imiphumela umxhwele kakhulu. Ngemva eKursk izimpi emva kwakhe ngakwesokudla zase zihleliwe isikhundla - the umpetha umshayeli. Hartman Erih oyedwa kuphela usuku impi yabonisa yalokho kuyamangalisa, wadutshulwa phansi eziyisikhombisa isitha izindiza.

Esikhathini esizayo, umshayeli kuphela ukwandisa isibalo zokunqoba kwabo. Phakathi Agasti 1943 wadubula phansi 43 izindiza Soviet, futhi inani lawo ngalesi sikhathi ifinyelele ayisishiyagalolunye.

Ukuphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso

Kwenye yalezi izimpi ngokulambisa ekuthunjweni Erich Hartmann. Umlando ebhaliwe eyedwa, etshela ngokuningiliziwe ngalesi sigameko.

Lapho umshayeli German walwa nama-pilot-Soviet izindiza umonakalo zakhe ezingathí sina kwabangelwa. Ngemva komunye apharathasi isitha wangqongqoza Hartman Erih, babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela boomerang embozwe imoto yakhe. Lokhu zaphoqa umpetha ezweni yizwe lesitha leli.

U-Erich wahlanganyela ekulungiseni indiza yakhe. Kodwa-ke ebona ukuthi endaweni lapho achitha ukulungisa esondela lamabutho ka amasosha aseSoviet. Amathuba kuphela ukubaleka eyayimenza angabanjwa kwakufanele sengathi ukuba elimele kabi. Hartmann wathatha leli thuba kahle. oyibamba waso kwakuyindishi nasici ukuze amasosha iRed Army ukukholelwa ukuthi Eric kuyinto sisesimweni sokufa.

Amasosha balayishe umpetha German ohlakeni futhi wathumela ngeloli siyiswa iyunithi. Kodwa u-Erich, ekuthuthukiseni sikhathi, waphuma ngefasitela lapho imoto futhi ngabaleka. Ayikho inhlamvu okuhloswe ngase Hartman, musa hit ilitshe, kodwa ngokumangalisayo, umlindi kakade ohlangothini German ngaphambili, walinyazwa ibutho siqu, lowemukela umshayeli nombaleki lesitha.

Kunzima wahlulele kangakanani indaba weqiniso watshela u-Erich Hartmann. Umlando we umshayeli liwukuphela komthombo kuyiphi emhlabeni wayekwazi lokhu.

intuthuko eyengeziwe

Nakuba ibutho lamaJalimane zinhlanga kujana imingcele oMbusi, Eric Hartman nge njalo ukulwa iye yandisa inani labantu zokunqoba yayo siqu. Ekupheleni kuka-1943 inani labo zazilingana cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi ayisithupha. Ngesikhathi Al uye wakwazi ukuthola njengoba umvuzo lo Knight sika Cross - umahluko omkhulu kunabo bonke endaweni ibutho lamaJalimane.

Inani elikhulu of Hartman onqobayo wahlwanyela imbewu ukungabaza ukwethembeka kwakho, ukuba ngisho Command High German. Kodwa kamuva, Eric waba ukufakazela ukuthi izinsolo ezinjalo zingamanga. Ekuqaleni Mashi 1944 inani izindiza isitha wadubula phansi umpetha isiJalimane, kudlulwe engamakhulu amabili, ngo-July 1, ifinyelele angamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu.

Ngalesi sikhathi impi yaseshashalazini European impi langena US Air Force. Futhi manje -US izindiza, ikakhulukazi "Mustangs" babe nabaphikisi eyinhloko umshayeli German.

Kodwa udumo has ezimbili izinhlangothi uhlamvu lwemali. Kwake kwathi ngo-August 1944, inani ngokunqoba ngo-Erich kudlulwe ezingamakhulu amathathu, waba legend eziphilayo, umpetha yimpumelelo kakhulu waso sonke isikhathi. Kwasenza cabanga ubuholi Wehrmacht ukuthi uma kwenzeka kokufa kwakhe, leli qiniso kakhulu badangalise ibutho lamaJalimane. Ngakho-ke wanquma ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni edume umshayeli indawo lokulwa asebenzayo. Ngobukhulu ubunzima, Hartmann wakwazi ukuvikela ilungelo zabo ukuba iyahola.

impi Ukugcwaliswa

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1945, u-Erich Hartmann wanikwa umyalo isixhumanisi isigaba. It is wafakazela kahle yena kulesi sikhundla.

zokugcina mpi umpetha yakhe German isikhundla Meyi 8, 1945, eqinisweni, kakade emva ukusayinwa sokunikela isiJalimane, umuzi eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia laseBrno. Ngalolo suku wadubula phansi walilwela Soviet. Kodwa, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi ukulwa ngeke kubasize, ekugcineni Hartman nge izinsalela iyunithi wakhe waphoqeleka ukuba sehlulwe US amabutho ahlomile division.

ngemva kwempi,

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, ngokusho nezivumelwano phakathi abawinile, u-Erich Hartmann yadluliselwa yi baseMelika ohlangothini Soviet ngiyisosha, ngubani balwa iRed Army.

ESoviet Union Hartmann kwaba utholakala enecala uma iminyaka 10 ngamacala impi. Bese engu-25 wokuhlela ukuvukela ejele. Kodwa ngo-1955 umpetha edume sakhishwa, ngokuvumelana isivumelwano zamazwe amabili phakathi eU.SSR eJalimane phezu kuthutha iziboshwa zempi.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya Hartmann athole inkonzo yezempi njengomunye izikhulu. Wamiswa induna isigaba. Ukwesula umpetha abadumile kwesokunxele ngo-1970, nakuba waqhubeka esebenza emva izindiza instructor.

Ukufa lamfica Erica Hartmann Septhemba 19, 1993, ngineminyaka engu-71.

Personality umpetha oluvelele

Hartman besihambisana nesiminyaminya nozakwabo njengoba umuntu okahle futhi bejabule. Ngokushesha batheleka iqembu elisha, futhi ahlushwe inhlonipho nozwela emzabalazweni. Akuwona wonke umuntu wayengenza kanjalo ukunqoba njengoba Erich Hartmann. Izithombe esinalo, uqinisekise waphinda ubufakazi yobuntu bakhe nobudlelwano. They cishe njalo ibonakaliswa smiling futhi bejabule, ngokuvamile uphakathi labangane.

Osebenza nabo wanika Hartmann isidlaliso ukudlala "Bubi", okusho ukuthi "Umfanyana". Isizathu kwaba kwesiqu sakhe esifushane futhi neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela wabheka eliyiduna yobudala bakhe. +

U-Erich Hartmann neze uthande ukuba ahileleke ende uyakhathaza emoyeni izimpi, wakhetha ukwenza ngokuzumayo futhi ngokushesha, kodwa uhla close. Ngemva isiteleka, wazama ukuya kude ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka kule mpi, futhi kumele yentiwe ngezingcezwana zezinkwa kwendiza ababeke noma inganqotshwa abanye abashayeli isitha. Mhlawumbe ngokunembile ngenxa leli qhinga Hartman wakwazi ukufeza inombolo kuzenze zibathinte zokunqoba.

Izimpumelelo kanye nokubaluleka

Okwamanje, abaningi mlando sezempi futhi wokuphila ukuhlola umsebenzi somshayeli ongumakad 'enjalo oluvelele, u-Erich Hartmann. Izithombe, amadokhumenti, Umlando ziwusizo ezinkulu kulo msebenzi nzima.

U-Erich Hartmann ngokufanelekile egqoka isihloko umpetha okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni. Inani neMpi Yezwe II, waba nengxenye 802 emoyeni izimpi, zazo 352 kuholele ekunqobeni ukuthi namanje Imiphumela akunakuqhathaniswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyo 1404 nokuhlasela zenziwe.