Uzimele izindlu ubuchwepheshe: izici ubuchwepheshe kanye izigaba ukwakhiwa yendlu

Izinkuni kuyinto eliphezulu impahla eziqinile, kodwa kungenye into ehluke kakhulu eqolo. Uma ufuna ukuthenga indlu yamapulangwe, kodwa abe etheni ke udinga ukukhetha Uhlaka ubuchwepheshe. Linikeza ubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukwakhiwa esizimele zokuhlala esikhathini esifushane. Lapho eRussia, befika ubuchwepheshe Uhlaka izindlu? Lokhu kwenzeka esanda kutholakala: e nineties. Ukuthandwa enkulu ke ithole kuphela engxenyeni ephakathi yezwe. Nokho, uma uzimisele ukuthi le ndlela kuzoba yisisekelo umsebenzi ukwakha ikhaya lakho, kubalulekile ukuba bajwayelane umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo futhi izimfihlo. Bavumela ukuthi udale ukwakhiwa eqinile futhi iqine.

Ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa isisekelo

Canadian Uhlaka ubuchwepheshe izindlu akudingi isisekelo esindayo futhi zaglublonnogo kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba bathathe lo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukuze uqondanise zensimu. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye lokhu kwenziwa ukubala. Ezezindlu, ububanzi 10 metres, ubude - 15, uzodinga umsele nge ka 0.75 m ukujula Akusadingeki ukuba inamandla ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo esizayo ngeke abe nesisindo ongaphakeme .. Ukujula incike izimo zezulu bese phansi okokuqandisa ungqimba Coefficient.

Sebenza on the formwork

Uma unesithakazelo Uhlaka ubuchwepheshe izindlu, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuzokuvumela ukuba baqonde lokho okudingekayo ukuze sifeze umsebenzi ekulungiseleleni formwork. Ngokwesibonelo, uzodinga yesibili isilinganiso noma izinga sesithathu ibhodi nhlangothi zombili, ubude okungase elilingana kumkhawulo 3.4 kuya 6 amamitha. Uhlonze lwalo ziyahlukahluka kusuka kwangu-20 kuya ku-25.

Lungiselela nesigaxa kwesigaba sikwele uhlangothi amamilimitha angu-50. Njengoba iziqobosho ingasetshenziswa 70-milimitha izipikili. Ezansi emseleni embondelene slate lokulwa isitini, nabetshe. I ukushuba lesi sendlalelo akufanele ezakha ezingaphezu kuka 1/3 ye-we emseleni ukujula. Ngemva ngilale ebusweni 20 cm ungqimba isihlabathi waphuzisa. Kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho uketshezi uhambe ngokuphelele. Isendlalelo ke ogcwele amanzi futhi. Lezi zenzo kuzosiza bonyana batshidze isikhwama, futhi uphindwe mayelana 3-5 izikhathi. Khona-ke kufanele uqale ebeka yezinyoni ukuqinisa.

Ukuqhuba ugcwalise

ethandwa kakhulu namuhla phakathi yangasese master Uhlaka izindlu. Ubuchwepheshe lomsebenzi kufanele ke kumelwe kugujwe, kungenjalo ngeke bakwazi ukufeza Chile oqondile. Ukulungisa ingxube kumele kusetshenziswe usimende M-500, isihlabathi, amatshe namanzi. ezihlanganisiwe kungaba kwenziwe ngosizo mixer ukhonkolo. Njengoba ngezabelo kudingekile ukusebenzisa ubuhlobo ezilandelayo: Half wesaka 25-ganda kasimende, 75 kg isihlabathi, 13 amalitha amanzi kanye 125 kg ngohlalwane. ubuchwepheshe Uzimele izindlu sihlinzekela isidingo sokulungiselela umqulu onjalo solution ukuthi uzokwazi zifezeke okwesikhathi esithile. Uma ungenalo ukufeza isimo elinqunyiwe, izimali uzobe wachitha ngeze. Ukwakheka, ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi esithile ngeke zingabafaneli ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe.

ukwakhiwa odongeni

Uzimele izindlu inikeza isinyathelo esilandelayo ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa izindonga, okumele ehlukanisiwe isizinda nangokuvikela substrate. Lingase libe a engabizi kakhulu futhi elula impahla - impahla ukufulela, kanti lokhu kuhambisana kahle phakathi ugongolo mortgage ebusweni isisekelo. Ngemva kokuqeda le misebenzi, ungaqala ebeka isisekelo uzimele udonga.

Uxhumano phakathi ugodo kulokhu wenziwa ukusika ingxenye ugqinsi emikhawulweni yaso isici by. Ububanzi isampula oluhambisana ububanzi ugodo. Ukuhlinzeka rigidity uxhumano therebetween kufanele ukushayela iphini izinkuni ezomile, okuyinto libizwa Nagel. Oku-isidingo sokuhlala bahlale benze imbobo isayithi ikusasa okunamathiselwe. Nagel kufanele ufake nge force. Le ngxube ingasetshenziswa njengoba ekhoneni yangaphakathi noma obandayo ibha odongeni.

kumiswa base

Uzimele ubuchwepheshe kuhambisana izindlu ebeka isisekelo uzimele, okuzokwenza ukuba alingane ukuphakama Amabha amabili. Uma izakhi esishunyekiwe kuyoba endaweni phezulu kumele kwenziwe propyl. Ukujula kwawo kufanele sifinyelele ½ ibha. Ububanzi isampula okufanele futhi ngokulandelana. Kuyinto elilingana ububanzi elinendawo ugodo osetshenziselwa yokubeka. Inani lezihlalo kufanele uhambisane nenani Racks. Lezi zici udinga ukufaka uphinde ulungise struts okuyizinto kubakaki ukuthi ukuxhuma inhlangano amabili isidumbu.

Njengoba nje wonke Racks ezifakiwe, ungakwazi uqhubekele ibha engenhla entabeni. Kusengaphambili ke ukuphuma anemifantu, okuyizinto ezidingekayo lokukhuphula emikhawulweni engenhla uprights. Isinyathelo phakathi kwazo kumele ilingane usayizi anemifantu, okuyinto akhethiwe kubha main. Ukusebenzisa ezingeni yombazi futhi yokulinganisa ukuqonda, ungakwazi uhlaziye ukuthi ukucwasana nokuthambekela. Isandla esiqine ngokweqile ingatholakala obandayo struts Racks. Emva kwalesi sikhathi kubuya izakhi kungenziwa kususwe. Okulandelayo, ingcweti ungaqala ukulungisa webs longitudinal. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isimiso 'inkatho e inkatho. " Kodwa ukusikwa kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa 100-milimitha izipikili. Ngemva yonke imisebenzi engenhla, usungaqala Ukunquma amabhodi nhlangothi zombili, ukuze akha isihlangu okuqinile. Kufanele lishiywe sidle umnyango futhi emafasiteleni.

udonga ukwahlukanisa

Izinto eziphilayo noma wezinto ingasetshenziswa njengoba impahla ukushisa-nangokuvikela. ukusetshenziswa Esamukeleka enwetshiwe ubumba noma slag. Kulokhu, kufanele ukulungele yokuthi ukugcwaliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi prosyadet futhi ezingeni ukuzihlukanisa ngezansi. Yingakho at the stage of umsebenzi ohlangene ngokucophelela. Indaba ekhethelwe izindonga nangokuvikela lendlu Uhlaka kufanele abe kwabantu akukho amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-600 ngalinye imitha cubic. Ukwahlukanisa eziphumelela kakhulu Foam nokumbiwa uvolo.

Uma endaweni yokuhlala nezinga lokushisa emakhazeni awehleli ngezansi -20 degrees, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa slag noma ubumba ukunwetshwa. ubuchwepheshe izindlu Uzimele ukunikeza ukwahlukanisa ukusebenza ungangenisi amanzi. Kufanele wenziwe phakathi ukwahlukanisa kanye udonga lwangaphandle. Ungasebenzisa ifilimu. Nokho, le nto akuyona kahle. Kunalokho, ungakhetha isikhumba iphepha. It is sibe yimichilo ngabanye futhi fixed odongeni usebenzisa komzila. Indaba wabeka ezedlulayo, futhi ekhoneni emalungeni izindonga ukwenza ethangeni 20 amasentimitha.

Ukusetshenziswa ipuleti izinto

Ukusetshenziswa impahla ngobuningi kwandisa yinkimbinkimbi komsebenzi, kuyilapho ukwahlukanisa setshe ngohlobo amaminerali uvolo kungaba ukufezekisa imiphumela emihle ngesikhashana sifushane. Mineral uvolo iqinile nemishayo, esigabeni kabani ISIPHAMBANO 15x20 ngamasentimitha. Bona eyayigcwele thwi. Ngemva kokuphothulwa ukwahlukanisa sangaphakathi ezindongeni zendlu bafaka decking. Itholakala nendawo ngenhla ezihleliwe Uhlaka uprights. Udonga kwangaphakathi, futhi ngokunembile, isembozo kumele afike floorboards ukuze baya odongeni uma idivayisi phansi.

Indlela yokwenza ophahleni ophahleni?

Uzimele wokwakha indlu, ubuchwepheshe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko inikeza olandelayo esiteji phansi ophahleni. Lokhu kuzodinga amabhodi noma izingodo ukuze imishayo. Fit ukhuni coniferous. Amalogi kufanele kahle omisiwe izinyanga. Lungiselela nhlangothi zombili amabhodi ezimazombezombe softwood, ogama ukujiya zokhahlamba kusuka 25 kuya 28 mm. Ukuze Racks ugongolo ewusizo kabani sigaba 100x80 ngamasentimitha. Indima impahla obandayo lingasetshenziswa ukudla ukwakhiwa nezinzipho kabani Ubude kabili ukushuba we amabhodi ophahleni baqashwe.

Ukufakwa ophahleni imishayo

It kunezinzuzo eziningi ubuchwepheshe Uhlaka izindlu. ngezandla zabo, isibonelo, ukwakha indlu enjalo ilula ngokwanele. Uma ufaka imishayo ophahleni enisemikhawulweni amapulangwe kudingeka athathe isampula le-okuyingxenye eyodwa kwezine yenani lonke obuphelele. Ngemva kwalokho, kutuswa ukuqala kokufaka imishayo. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ngendlela ezifana ukuze bakwazi ukugxila izingxenye nesibongo ukuthi zifakwa njengoba beacons. Ngokunemba ukufakwa bahlolwe isakhiwo ezingeni. Ukubeka imishayo ukuze ugongolo, okuyinto uxhuma endlini Uhlaka, eyenziwe noma ukhuni izikopelo. Ungasebenzisa 150-milimitha izinzipho noma ukudla ukwakhiwa.

Ubuciko Monolithic uzimele izindlu adalwe cishe izimiso ezifanayo isidumbu. Ukuze Uphahla lwangaphakathi yalezi zindlela kungcono ukusebenzisa imishayo ukuthi wonke obuphelele. Akufanele babe amalunga omzimba. Njengoba imishayo angasetshenziswa 50-milimitha amabhodi abangamawele. Basuke fixed ndawonye imishudo noma yimuphi omunye fasteners.

ukwesekwa ukwakhiwa

Uma ucabangela izici Uhlaka ubuchwepheshe izindlu, kumele ukhumbule ukuthi ukusekelwa izokwenziwa kuye ngokuthi plan ohlosiwe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze baqhubeke bakwazi ukuzisebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe ngodonga ingaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, kuzomele wenze amamaki phansi. Ngu emakhiyubhi ugodo eyenziwa therein okuyinto iyoba ephansi base izindonga. Kuyo ukwenza inkatho uxhumano kuya uprights, lapho element yokuxhuma kufanele inikezwe. Uma bar phansi uzobe onezivikelo eziqinile kuze kube phansi, ungafaka ezisekelweni. Kufanele kwenziwe izingodo.

Coupling ilungu ubakaki enze ukwakhiwa. Ubuchwepheshe eziseqophelweni ukwakha ngohlaka-panel sihlinzekela ukudalwa ukwakhiwa phansi isikhathi eside kakhulu ukufakwa ngodonga. Khumbula, qala ukubanjwa amabhodi kuya joists kumelwe zisuke udonga. Kuphela ngale ndlela kuzoba lula ukufaka screw kwelinye ipulangwe singene inkatho lomunye. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto zitholakala ngaphakathi endlini. Ukulungisa amabhodi kuya joists ngezipikili ezenziwe. Uma ukushuba ibhodi 30 kwangu, kuyilapho ubude nail kumele kube 60 mm.

ukufakwa ophahleni

Ubuchwepheshe Uzimele nokwakhiwa iphaneli luqhutshwa namuhla ukwakhiwa kwezindlu kaningi. Uma nawe sinqume ukulandela isibonelo eziningi, isidingo ukwazi indlela Fakela ophahleni. Ekuqaleni setha semishayweni ke ukwahlukanisa okwaziyo futhi sheathing kuhlelwe futhi kontrobreshotka. Inkosi-ke kumelwe enze ukufakwa ukufulela impahla kanye nomsebenzi ukufakwa design ephelele yokuqedela izakhi.

Sebenza ohlelweni ophahleni

Semishayweni kufanele sifakwe emva uzokwazi ngokuphepha unamathisele imishayo yophahla. Baze ngokuthi mauerlat. Ekhuluma ewukuhlakanipha okwenziwe umshayo imishayo angasetshenziswa, okuyinto cross-ingxenye 50x150 mm. Kuyinto usayizi ophelele 50x200 mm. Ukuze uqale nge ukulungele isifanekiso semishayweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa amabhodi ezimbili xhuma agqagqene at engele kwesokudla. Engxenyeni engenhla, kumele enamathiselwe nail. Isifanekiso iziphakamisile phezulu ophahleni futhi efakwe mauerlat. amabhodi Indawo ngaleyo ndlela kungase kushintshwe. Emaphethelweni izici okufanele uhambe ngalé ezingeni kwezindonga kunesitha 40-60 amasentimitha, ukuze emva kulula ukuhlela uhlelo kudoti.

Uma emthambekeni etholwe skates, washaywa oluvundlile transverse phakathi umshayo. It ikuvumela ukulungisa engela. Ukuze lo mkhuba uya amabili namabhuzu semishayweni, okuyinto efakwe kanye emaphethelweni. Uxhumano izakhi wenziwa nengxenye-isihlahla imishudo obukhulu. Enhlabathini, ungakwazi ukuqoqa isilinganiso esifanele semishayweni, okuyinto bayavuswa futhi efakwe nge pitch ezithile kanye azungezwe. Esigabeni esilandelayo, wizadi ungaqala ukufudumala.

isiphetho

Uma unesithakazelo ubuchwepheshe prefabricated Monolithic uzimele endlini, ngalesosikhathi you azi ukuthi kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa kohlelo ezakhayo. Imodeli eqala Svjaseva Uhlaka floor slabs izinhlelo, amakholomu kanye ezivundlile. Basuke ngesibindi akuhlanganisileyo bese bakha olulodwa eziveza uzimele. Ungakwazi ukusizakala zonke amathiphu enikezwa esihlokweni. Bese ekhaya lakho kuyoba oqinile, ezinzile, ezethembekile futhi ezithokomele.