Uthini umbuzo declensional? Of icala nemibuzo semantic

Kute nasinye lesingazange isiRashiya e isiphakamiso ngeke kube khona ngokuzimela. Ukuze isitatimende ibe eyakhayo, kumelwe kube khona isikhala uxhumano phakathi zonke izingxenye zawo. Kuyinto lokhu uxhumano ibizwa ngokuthi i-syntax, ezakhiwe kunjalo simiso isiRashiya okuyinto. Inani ngezinhlupho eziyishumi, kodwa ezifundiswa esikoleni eziyisithupha, kodwa inkulumo elula ayesebenzisa konke yaphelela, nakuba zinezikhwepha impikiswano isimo declensional.

Indima amacala

Njengoba kwakhiwa uxhumano wemagama emshweni? Yini tenkhulumo bavame? Njengoba kumiswa letisha izwi? Indlela ukubeka imibuzo phakathi kwamalungu iziphakamiso? Yini declensional imibuzo tiphawulo, emabito kanye nezinye izingxenye yokukhuluma? Lezi kanye nezinye izihloko eziningi ezihlobene nale ngxenye isiRashiya okufundiswa ezikoleni, oqala ebangeni lesithathu. Ngo isiRashiya washintsha, noma Ncika izimo izingxenye ezifana yokukhuluma: Ibizo, isabizwana, isiphawulo kanye inani. Futhi lokhu sivezwe kula ushintsho kuphelile. Futhi ukuze sithole uma nanoma yimaphi amagama, uma sikubeka umbuzo declensional.

Empeleni, ukufunda ukuqonda akunzima kulesi sihloko. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izingane ukunikela izinkondlo ezithakazelisayo ngisho ezihlekisayo, igama ngalinye oqala ngohlamvu inhlokodolobha amacala uhlu. Ngokwesibonelo: Lowo wazala Ivan amantombazane odiwe Hudula namanabukeni.

Case simiso isiRashiya

Kuye nemisebenzi eyenziwa libito kungashintshwa ku amacala. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi Nokwehla, futhi sibonga kuye kusukela wemagama emshweni has a indima syntactic futhi ukuxhumana nabanye. Uma kungenjalo, wayekade kuphela uhlu silulumagama. Lapha declensional imibuzo ka isiRashiya, ezichaza indima zebizo emshweni:

Nominative, noma MI. p.- master endlini - ngubani? lokho?

Genitive, noma R n -. Masters ekhaya - ubani? lokho?

Umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi, noma u D. n -. Inkosi, indlu - kubani? lokho?

Umenziwa wesenzo noma B n -. Masters endlini - kubani? lokho?

Ablative, noma T n -. Inkosi, ekhaya - ubani? lokho?

p.- Prepositional noma P. mayelana kumninindlu - ulenzela bani? lokho?

Zonke affixes, ngaphandle nominative, abizwa ngokuthi "engaqondile" futhi kungenziwa baqashwe nge izaba futhi ngaphandle kwalo (lena ingxenye asizayo yokukhuluma isetshenziswa ukuze acacise incazelo yegama elithi). Ukukhethwa lapha kunjalo kuphela prepositional ukuthi omunye lonke uhlu isetshenziswa kuphela isabizwana.

Kwethulwa abafundi ohlelweni iqala isikhathi ngasinye iphethini efanayo: kuqala, nezingane bakhuthazwa ukuba sithole indlela Ukukhetha umbuzo declensional ngemva nokuveza igama icala, futhi ekugcineni indima wemagama emshweni, okungukuthi, ukuthi ilungu iziphakamiso, kuba samabanga aphansi noma.

nominative

The main lolwehlukanisa lapha liwukuthi igama sisebunyeni esimweni nominative uhlale ifomu sokuqala. Isiphakamiso, kungakhathaliseki munye noma ubuningi amazwi ngaso sonke isikhathi senze njengoba nohlaka kolimi, okungukuthi isihloko.

Ngokwesibonelo: "(? Umbuzo Declensional - ubani) Umfana (yini?) Ukuze esikoleni." Lapha, igama elithi "umfana uya" kuyinto isisekelo zolimi nemisebenzi yazo, futhi igama elithi "umfana" imele esimweni nominative.

Kodwa ukwenza isiphakamiso ezinjalo, lapho khona isihloko alikho icala nominative, kumane nje akunakwenzeka.

genitive

Iningi nobunzima lapha wukuthi etafuleni uma ikhipha efanayo umbuzo amazwi, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene genitive kanye umenziwa wesenzo. Futhi lapha ukusiza tandziso. Ngakho, isabizwana "ngaphandle", "kufanele", "ukuze", "kusukela", "kusukela", "ukuze" asetshenziswa kuphela namazwi P. p. Njengomthetho, afakiwe nase umbuzo uqobo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• "Uya ngaphandle Slippers (ngaphandle yini?)."
• "Isobho zezinhlanzi (kulokho?)."
• "Le ntombazane ugogo wakhe (kubani?)."

umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi

Lapha kwencazelo ifomu amazwi lubelula, kodwa ke kukhona nezindaba declensional futhi semantic. Kusho ukuthini?

Ngokwesibonelo: "Abantwana baphuma ngamafasitela ngakulomgudu (lokho - umbuzo declensional; lapho - umqondo?)."

Kubalulekile ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwalezi imihlobo yemibuzo, ngoba, ngokusebenzisa ifomu semantic, ngeke ukwazi ukucacisa icala ngendlela efanele.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isabizwana "ukuze" lisetshenziswa kuphela D. n., Nakuba "ku" singenzeka noB n., Futhi D. n., Futhi P. p.

umenziwa wesenzo

Kulokhu amafomu kungase futhi kube ezinye eyinkimbinkimbi ngoba sokunquma imibuzo yayo. Ngenxa yokuthi iyefana nominative kanye umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ungathatha i isiphakamiso ezithakazelisayo, esifundeka kanje:

"Igundane wabona igundane." - Thina lapha ukhuluma ngani igundane, obonile igundane, kodwa amanye amagama iyoba indaba? Iphelelisane kulesi siphakamiso ke sithola: "Igundane wabona igundane, inkukhu kanye nedada." Kuba ngokushesha ecacile okuyinto lawa magama kuyingxenye izisekelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Yingakho isiRashiya kaningi ngale ndaba umi phambi isilandiso. Ngakho, kusobala ukuthi amanye alamagama ezidingekayo I. n., Kodwa indlela ukunquma ukuma kwesibili? It R. n., Noma B. n.? Futhi sidinga sibuyele agumenti. Akufanele donsa amazwi emongweni wawo, kubalulekile ukubeka umbuzo ngokuqondile isilandiso: - "Igundane wabona (umuntu?) Igundane."

Nge amagama umenziwa wesenzo esetshenziswa ngezaba ezifana "mayelana", "ngokusebenzisa", "ngokusebenzisa", "on".

ablative

Njengomthetho, amagama 'eyasetshenziswa endabeni wezinsimbi, ihlobene ngokuqondile isilandiso, futhi zisetshenziswa kanye tandziso "ku" futhi "off". Ngakho-ke, emshweni eyakhishwa base kolimi, bese unquma ukuthi uyafaneleka kunjalo yakha ingxenye yesibili. Nokho, lolu hlobo kwenzeka ukuthi isicelo esihlongozwayo ayiphelele isisekelo nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Futhi lapha kubalulekile ukuqonda umongo isilandiso kungenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo: "Squirrel abangane nge Bump, ikati nge-mouse, futhi utshani bunny."

Isisekelo isiphakamiso "amaprotheni friendly", "ikati" futhi "bunny" - umongo kuyacaca ukuthi zonke izingxenye isiphakamiso eyodwa isilandiso ingasetshenziswa - ". Abangane" Simbeka umbuzo "ngubani?". On imibuzo declensional iyaphendulwa ngezwi "nge-mouse" futhi amagama "utshani".

prepositional

Lokhu nominative has izici zayo siqu: amagama azisetshenziswa ngaphandle tandziso. Kukhona futhi vela nezindaba semantic ukuthi kudingeka sifunde zivundulula. Ngokwesibonelo:

• "Lo mfana wahosha (kuphi? Yini?) Esikhathini isihlahla i-albhamu."
• "Ukhukhamba sikhule (kuphi? Ukuze lokho?) On the embhedeni."
• "Izimpisi atholakala (kuphi? Yini?) Esikhathini njengomkhaya endle."

Umbuzo njalo abeke kanye ukusetshenziswa ibhaxa umusho.

nezinye affixes

Ngaphezu izinhlupho eziyisithupha ezinkulu, okuyinto afakiwe lwezifundo zesikole, kukhona okuthiwa amacala ezengeziwe.

• Yokubiza, noma yokubiza. Ngokuvamile, leli fomu lisetshenziswa lapho kubhekiselwa kwabanye noma yimuphi umuntu. Ngokwesibonelo: Anja - Im.p. futhi Anh - yokubiza. Leli cala is hhayi elalisanda kumiswa, futhi izinhlobo zawo ziye zalondolozwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla, amazwi, "Nkosi, Nkosi", "Starch", "Baba", njalo njalo.
• Quantitatively-uhlukanisa Ukuhambisa phezulu noma genitive yesibili. Ngokuvamile, esikoleni zonke izinhlobo yokufa chasiselwe genitive.
• Local, noma locative. Leli fomu ngokuvamile sithathelwe indawo icala prepositional, kodwa kwezinye izimo bangakwazi ahlukaniswe. Ngokwesibonelo: "a closet" - lokho? futhi "ekamelweni" - lapho?
• Umthombo noma ablative. Kulokhu, zebizo kusho indawo noma kokuqaliswa tenhlangano ngumuntu ukucindezeleka wendawo ikhishwe. Ngokwesibonelo, "ngiphuma emahlathini."

Isifundo kwale nto basingatha ekhethekile yezifundo zezikole. Lokhu kuyaqondakala kokwazi butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ubuhlobo wemagama emshweni, ungaqiniseka yokukhuluma nokubhala zonke eziyimpumelelo lesifanele. Lokhu kuzogwema amaphutha amaningi ingxoxo futhi ngokubhala, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi kwethu erudition ezinkulu kanye nobuchwepheshe.