Uphenyo incwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita" (UMikhail Bulgakov)

"Master noMargarita" - wobuciko ukuthi ushiya akekho ngabandayo. Othile owayo uthandana incwadi ekufundeni lokuqala; umuntu ehlolwa iminyaka ukuqonda kule noveli; kuyilapho ezinye izimbangela yokucasukela "Umninimuzi UMargarita." Izibuyekezo yencwadi, abafundi zihluke kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, bonke ngazwi linye uyavuma ukuthi Roman Bulgakova - kuyinto wobuciko elingukungaboli.

Kancane mayelana Master UMikhail Bulgakov

UMdali edume of "Umninimuzi UMargarita" ayaziwa Yiqiniso, njengoba ungungqondongqondo, ukuthi awamenzanga ukuthini ukuba yindoda amaphutha akhe. Mihailu Afanasevichu Bulgakovu kwadingeka ithuba lokuphila eseluphele emangalisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - nempi yombango, ushintsho isimo sengqondo wonke ezweni, ukucindezelwa, ukubhujiswa nobumpofu. Futhi ngakolunye - ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izincwadi, ngokunqoba amafomu entsha, ucwaningo ngokugqamile nencazelo okungalindelekile waphakade.

Njengoba ayeyinzalo ka-emkhayeni Bulgakov yezokwelapha yimpumelelo kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuba aphile nokukhawulela ngokwabo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, wathola iziqu zobudokotela - wayefuna ukwenza imali enhle. Nokho, inguquko ka 1917 eyaphazamisa izinhlelo akhe okufuna ukuvelela. Thola ehloniphekile ukukhokha umsebenzi isikhathi eside yayingakwazi. Bekhathazekile ngokuthi bangazixazulula kanjani, Bulgakov baba imilutha morphine. He is kwakubucayi ngiyilahle kulo mkhuba. Ukuze unqobe nesilingo sokuba uthandane futhi wenze shot morphine, Bulgakov Uqale ukubhala ngalokho kwase kuyisikhathi eside ngiphupha.

I ithalente we udokotela osemncane kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba ngokushesha waqaphela. Futhi Bulgakov kuhanjiswe ku Moscow ukushaya eduze maphakathi ukuphila etemibhalo yezwe. Nokho, ukuze ube abadumile, kuyilapho kwakudingekile ezingaphezu kuka imisebenzi genius - ke kwakudingekile ukuba ukuxhumeka. Futhi ukuze ubenze, kwakubalulekile ukuba njalo ukuxhumana abahleli kanye nabashicileli. Lapha kuphela kubiza imali eningi. Futhi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi Ukujikeleza e izigungu ezifanele, umbhali esichithwa konke umndeni kusho ebeka imigexo ngokuvamile owakwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ecashele zonke khona umkakhe - Tatyana Lappa, bekhohliswa phezu kwayo, lapho nje kuvela ithuba ohlukanisile, ishiywa isiphetho sabo ngaphandle umsebenzi kanye nemali.

Ngokushesha, omunye umlobi Ezifuna ngishade Luba Belozerskaya, okuyinto eyaba nonobhala wakhe futhi muse. On the "Running" umdlalo esekelwe izinkumbulo zakhe zokuphila ekudingisweni kulotshiwe. Wabuye necebo indlela inoveli ukwethula UMargarita. Ukuthi lona wesifazane saba negalelo ekwakhiweni we "Izinsuku Turbin," "I iWhite Guard" futhi "Inhliziyo ka Inja."

Kodwa wahlangana unkosikazi uHelen Shilovskaya umkhuzi yakhe edumile, UMikhail Bulgakov elahlekile ikhanda lakhe, futhi ngemva inoveli eside bophulwe kumyeni wakhe. Kuyinto ukusekela lokhu komlobi besifazane phakathi kokuphila kwakhe eminyakeni edlule. Futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe wenza kuze kube sekugcineni inoveli eshicilelwe, okuyinto Bulgakov wabhala - ". Umninimuzi UMargarita" Izibuyekezo yencwadi ngemva yanyatheliswa kwakungamadodana nomdlandla kakhulu. Hhayi indima okungenani kule kudlalwa ukuvinjelwa eside umkhiqizo owenza inoveli zithandwa kakhulu.

Umsuka walo inoveli

Abanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo ngokuthi lo msebenzi "Faust XX leminyaka.". Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba Bulgakov wazibukeza izici eziningi wobuciko Goethe sika. Isethenjwa lokuqala epigraph kule noveli "... Kanti uyini wena, noma kunjalo? Mina ngiyisabelo kwalawo mandla lapho phakade tando okubi phakade isebenza kuhle. " Ukubukeka wokuqala Woland asiphathele umhlanga nge inhloko poodle, njengoba ikhanda (Mephistopheles, Faust wangena indlela emzini ngesimo inja emnyama). Futhi ethathwe imisebenzi Goethe, igama protagonist - UMargarita. Inkomba "Faust" kuyinto indaba Frida waziklinya umntanakhe engumlanjwana. Wenze njalo Margaret, kokunikeza umntwana nge Faust.

Leso senzakalo, ephethe ikhanda Berlioz at ibhola Woland - ireferensi fantasy ethandwa Roman Belyaeva "UProfesa Dowell sika Head". Berlioz nezingxoxo Homeless noSathane iziphakamiso eziningi kanye nesitayela okusikhumbuza incwadi Ehrenburg 'Ukuhlukahluka Okumangazayo Adventures Hulio Hurenito "(1922). incazelo Caustic sokuphila kanye namasiko abantu abavamile eduze satires Zoshchenko futhi inoveli "I Ithole Legolide" by Ilf and Petrov (iziqephu "Rookery"). Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uthando umugqa "Master noMargarita" abhekisela ngqo impilo yangasese Bulgakov. Ngenkathi ubhala incwadi, wahlangana ngasese nge Elena Shilovskaya ukuthi eside akazange alinge ashiye umyeni wakhe ngenxa izingane.

Storylines

"Master noMargarita" ibizwa ngokuthi inoveli enovelini, njengoba izenzakalo zamanje yilezi izilungiselelo imisebenzi uPontiyu Pilatu. Incwadi ngokucacile storylines eziningana. Lena ngokuyinhloko indaba uthando Umninimuzi UMargarita. Ugijima zifana kuya indaba uPontiyu Pilatu kanye umprofethi ukuhamba uJesu Ha-. I indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa umlando kwemvelo Ivan Homeless, okuyinto umdali ongaphakeme-ebangeni inkulumo-ze izinkondlo liphenduka usosayensi sina.

Njengoba sazi, Bulgakov kwaba nobuhlobo ngingakhululeki kakhulu nabanye abalobi, abamemezeli nabahleli. Ngenxa nepotism ukuhaha, hhayi intelligence futhi kubonakala kamhlophe elilinganiselwe abaningi babo, Mikhail Afanasievich Kaningi umbusi kwakufanele ukugoba ukuze kuzuzwe ukushicilelwa imisebenzi yakhe. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iningi lemisebenzi yakhe nje kuphela brilliant, kodwa futhi olufanele isikhathi sakhe. Nawa nje okuthandayo ngokuvamile inikezwe ingakuvumeli ukucabangela nokuqhwandela-careerists. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nabo bahlekise Massolit e "Master noMargarita" uthola indawo ekhethekile.

Uzimele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isixhumanisi esiyinhloko zonke storylines kukhona Woland nasezincekwini zakhe. Bona asuswe stupor heroes futhi ukubaphoqa ukuba athathe isinyathelo. indima yabo enovelini ubhekisela epigraph, kancane kancane kuholela umfundi esiphethweni sokuthi emphakathini zabyvshem Nkulunkulu, indima enhle futhi ubulungisa has ukusithatha uSathane namademoni akhe.

Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo "Umninimuzi UMargarita"

Kulesi inoveli, ke kwaphakamisa imibuzo eminingi "engunaphakade '. Okokuqala, yaso ngoba sikholelwa komuntu amandla aphakeme. Ngakho, ekuqaleni noveli, Berlioz nomngane wakhe ngiziqhayise ngesibindi bengakholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi ngokwabo ekwazi ukulawula ikusasa yabo. izenzakalo ezalandela kwafakazela falsity yezahlulelo yabo. Futhi e umkhiqizo isikhala esanele Sizokwenza ubudlelwane phakathi ithalente nomphakathi. Ngakho, ukwakha okusezingeni eliphezulu ebangeni, ngokuvumelana umbhali, wayeyisazi kwakudingeka babe nemisebenzi nokulondeka ngokwezimali kanye nenkululeko enkulu ekukhethweni kuka-izihloko.

Umphakathi wanamuhla Mihailu Afanasevichu abalobi wabizela izingqikithi, futhi kubuye kuncike ukucwaninga esiqinile kwemibhalo yazo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, ngokwendlela abagxeki abaningi, Bulgakov ngalolu daba iyaphikisana yena. Eningini yobuciko zakhe wabhala ngumphakathi, esikhathini phakathi kwendlu umsebenzi oyinhloko. Enye inkinga kule noveli kuyinto ukukhashelwa ineradicable ngokujulile ukwakheka komuntu. Ngokwesibonelo, imikhonyovu nezamanje nomona eMoscow, futhi Yershalaim lasendulo. Bayilungisa ehlukile, banayo kwezifiso ezahlukene nasendleleni yabo yokuphila, kodwa Psychology ayikashintshi eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.

Uphenyo incwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita": nabalingiswa abasemqoka ngemehlo abafundi

Uma baxgeki ikakhulukazi alikhuthalele, abafundi babe nombono ohlukile abalingiswa kule noveli. I impikiswano kakhulu Iseluleki uhlamvu. Abanye zibabaza kuye njengoba ungungqondongqondo, endizela phezulu ekuphileni futhi pettiness zezwe wesimanje. Abanye babembiza ngokuthi ubuhlakani, kodwa zobugovu. Ngakho ukuceba, akazange afune ukusiza abanye, futhi uchitha wonke. iqhawe lakhe Margaret ubona njengoba muse, hhayi njengomuntu ongokoqobo. Uyabathanda wakhe, kodwa hhayi kakhulu exinwe nalo. Ukuhlala esibhedlela, iNkosi ekujaheni ukuhambisa izindaba ngawe, ngenkathi eba crazy kusuka ingaqiniseki.

Ezinye izibuyekezo incwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita 'wamelana iNkosi imbongi Homeless. Ngakho, owokuqala, yebo, genius, kodwa nabo abalobi libhekisela khukhumala ngaphandle kokuba ufunde umugqa owodwa zezinkondlo Homeless, Master kwenza imbongi esimweni ubuhlanya namahloni imisebenzi yabo. Kulokhu abafundi akudingeki ithuba uqhathanise ezimbili indalo abalobi bese anqume amalungelo Master.

Njengoba ukushicilelwa inoveli, uMargarita njalo nje ayeluthola indlela engcono kakhulu ongasabela ezivela kubafundi. Njengoba i-prototype umlingiswa oyinhloko wathatha uHelen Shilovskaya, UMikhail Bulgakov ( "Umninimuzi UMargarita"). Izibuyekezo yencwadi, abanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo aveze ukuthi lo muntu okukhulunywa ngaye kukhona nezimpawu umbhali wokuqala ezimbili zesifazane. The main umlingiswa - owesifazane ngothando owaba uyathakatha ngoba tapered futhi bahlanganyela coven kaSathane.

Abafundi kufanele kuphawulwe ukungapheleli kwalesi sithombe. Ngakho, Shilovskaya eside wamshiya umyeni wakhe ngenxa izingane. Kodwa Bulgakov wenza Heroine yakhe engenabantwana. Ngakho akucaci ukuthi kungani, endaweni uthando olukhulu olungakaze, wahlala nomyeni wakhe isikhathi eside. Izethameli ukholelwa ukuthi UMargarita - kubalwa isancinza narcissistic, aphume isithukuthezi zavedshaya nomakhwapheni. Abanye abacwaningi, ngokubhala izibuyekezo yencwadi "Umninimuzi UMargarita", bakholelwa ukuthi umlingiswa oyinhloko - uhlobo Faust Bulgakov. Phela, empeleni adayiswa umphefumulo wakhe ngenxa Ukufuna injongo yokuphila - Master.

Uphenyo incwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita": "IVangeli Woland," futhi umfanekiso uMsindisi

Omunye izinhlamvu kunazo yesiteleka kule noveli - Voland. Phela, igama livela efanayo "Faust." Weza eMoscow ukubheka umphakathi nesibindi ukuze siphile ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu. Kulokhu, uSathane namademoni akhe-abasizi kukhona elunge nezihloniphekile kunabaningi izakhamizi inhlokodolobha sika. Abafundi abaningi Ubhale izibuyekezo incwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita", okuthiwa lo msebenzi "IVangeli uSathane." Ngakho, Voland wathi abalobi ababili ongakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona inguqulo yakhe yomlando kaKristu. Ngo isethulo sakhe kaJesu kuNkulunkulu onamandla, kodwa onesihe liphenduka sefilosofi nokuzula, hhayi fully aware of ngamandla alo.

Kuyo yonke incwadi Mephistopheles Bulgakov ngokuvamile lukhuluma imishwana ezilimele kabi iziyalezo kaKristu. Ngokwesibonelo, khumbula izwi kuSathane: "Ungabuzi lutho! Ungenzi lutho, futhi ikakhulukazi labo banemandla kwendlula wena. Ngokwabo futhi zizinikele zona ngokwazo zonke intando! ". Lokhu ibinzana abadumile - uhluke ngokuphelele obekushiwo uJesu: "Celani, khona nizakuphiwa; qhubekani nifuna, nizakufumana; ngqongqothani, khona izakuvulekela kini ... ".

Thanda emsebenzini

Iningi labo ukufunda umsebenzi Bulgakov, ukuyibiza ingoma wothando olungenamkhawulo, beshiya ukubuyekezwa yencwadi. "Umninimuzi UMargarita" - inoveli ngemizwa, elikhanyayo, eqinile, ezimkhanukelayo, kodwa okungavamile. Ngasinye ngendlela abalingiswa abasemqoka nothando, kodwa ngezindlela ezingafani. Ikhono nothando, Marguerite enhliziyweni yakhe unikezwa Muses indawo, ngokusho kwabanye baxgeki.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo wesifazane lover wakhe - lokhu okushiwo khona. Master ongenza e imizwelo yakhe ithule kwabakhulelwe. Utsandza uyinakekele, banakekele futhi ukulwela ke. Abantwana Basethempelini ngoba imbongi ngubani esibhedlela, futhi siba kushukumisa UMargarita. It wayengadlali waphupha ngakho iminyaka eminingi.

Image zokuphila Soviet enovelini

izinkinga zokuntuleka kwezindlu bebelokhu efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nokho, baye bathola ngesilinganiso olwethusayo Nakabhala noveli. Iqiniso liwukuthi emva kwempi beyofuna umsebenzi eMoscow angena ngomfutho abangenamihlaba abalimi, abasebenzi nabantu ukuzibonakalisa bokusungula. Nokho, inhloko-dolobha yase-USSR ngokwenyama nje wayengakwazi ukuze kuhlaliswe zonke. Ngakho isikhala esiphilayo wawusemasondweni singekho. Futhi uma locale kusebenta umthetho isakhamuzi yicala ashaqa amakhasethi ngaphansi okuyinto isikhala ephilayo, ukulahla omakhelwane ngenxa yokuzuza amakamelo abo sesingochwepheshe kuyinsakavukela.

Lokhu Bulgakov akazange sehluleke ingasaphathwa emsebenzini wakhe. Ngakho "umngane" Wizards - Aloysius Magarych ukuba ulithathe yokuhlala wakhe, wabhala ukulahlwa. Futhi Voland, Muscovites ukubukela ebhayisikobho, wathi inkinga nge ezindlini ngempela ukuthonywa kubo. Phakathi kwezinye amatshe kwamanzi zokuphila Soviet, esichazwa Bulgakov kwaba izikhulu liluhlaza, ukuba luhlaza kwandile, ukufumbathisa, ukungabikho kokudla, izingubo ezivamile nokunye okuningi.

amaqiniso ethakazelisayo

Mayelana inoveli Bulgakov sika zingatholakala ngamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo:

• Voland kanye nabo bonke ababe naye ezinye amaphutha ngokubukeka. Kwakuyisikhathi ukubhekisela kuyinkolelo yokuthi zonke izingelosi ngokwenyama ephelele, namademoni - balimala njengoba iwuphawu ekudingisweni.
• Uhlamvu main ukuthi ngokwengxenye eyabhalwa Bulgakov naye, futhi ngokwengxenye wayegqoke izici N. V Gogolya. Ngenxa ebhekisela yokugcina enovelini umsindo ibinzana nakonakala yesandla.
• Le nguqulo yokuqala yayibizwa ngokuthi iqhawe 'inkosi, futhi imbongi.
• Nakuba izici eziningi UMargarita wathola ke kusukela unkosikazi wesithathu Bulgakov, ngamunye abafazi bakhe kamuva bathi kwathiwa kuvezwa inoveli yakhe Bulgakov.
• Isihlobo ezikude umlingiswa oyinhloko, okuyinto yena salisikisela ibhola - kungcono noma UMargarita Navarrskaya (koroleva Margo), noma Marguerite de Valois.

Roman Kugcine Bulgakova uyasala imibuzo engaphezu kuka izimpendulo. Nokho, namuhla sibonga i-Inthanethi, umfundi ngamunye Ungazama ukuyiphendula ngokwakho. Ngo izinkundla eziningi anikezelwe inoveli, noma ubani angaba ushiye amazwana mayelana incwadi ethi "The Master noMargarita", ubhale ngaso indaba, ukubuyekeza noma ngisho izinkondlo.