Umsebenzi wobuciko "Matryona" - nkinga agumenti

Ngo-December 1961, A. I. uSolzhenitsyn esethula Umhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba umagazini "INguqulo Yezwe Elisha" indaba Tvardovsky yesibili (ukuze ibuyekezwe). Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Hhayi kuwufanele edolobhaneni ngaphandle umuntu olungileyo," kodwa cishe ngokushesha iqanjwe kabusha "Matryona". Inkinga nje kuphela okuqukethwe umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi igama eliqukethe "elithi yenkolo". Ukushicilela indaba kwaba kuphela ngemva konyaka - kumagazini ka-January ka-1963 emazweni amaningi ukufunda e-USSR umagazini tetemibhalo.

Uzungu kwendaba

Nakuba ngokuthi i ncibilika. Kuze kube yimanje, ngezizathu ezithile babe izigidi eziningi zeziboshwa yamuva kwamakamu kukaStalin futhi bedingisiwe ushiye ndawo isithwathwa esindayo noma ehlane sezulu futhi ibuyiselwe ilungu le-European Union - hhayi yasemadolobheni amakhulu (babengavunyelwe khona), futhi emizaneni nasemadolobheni band phakathi. Lapha, phakathi ngobumnene sengiprofethile amaqabunga ihlathi, eduze nemifula ethule fudlana dolgostradaltsam konke lokhu kwakubonakala kumnandi futhi ethokomele. Namanje ukuphila, ngisho kulezi zingxenye Kwakungelula. Ukuze uthole umsebenzi Kwakungelula, kulula ngisho kuka muva nje, lapho ngisho isiboshwa ibhala wangaphambili ngeke omethembayo. Lezi izimo kungukuthi zaphazanyiswa umlandzi, egameni yemlandzi. Waba nomuzwa isidingo esiphuthumayo izinto elula, okungukuthi ukuthola ukusebenza izibalo uthisha esikoleni yasemakhaya, thola indawo yokuhlala. Lokhu kwaba yakhe "umsebenzi oyinhloko kanye izimpikiswano ezaphakama." Ngo Matryona bamyisa amaziyo ezikhululekile, umdayisi esiteshini sesitimela ubisi. Ezinye izinketho kungukuthi waba isihlalo esingenamuntu kwadingeka kuphela isalukazi. Igama lakhe kwakungu Matryona. Futhi wathatha ubungane.

impesheni

Wayesephuma ngo-1956, izwe isishintshe kakhulu, kodwa ukuphila epulazini wahlala abampofu. Tigaba letinyenti ongumlimi ukuphila post-Stalin inkathi zokuphola ovuthayo Aleksandr Isaevich endabeni "Matryona". Inkinga umfundi wakhe umninindlu yesimanje zingabonakala zingasho lutho, kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-Khrushchev iminyaka wama phambi izakhamuzi eziningi zwe elikhulukazi. impesheni Kolkhoz - neziwubala, vosmidesyatirublevaya (ruble 8 entsha, post-kabusha.) - nokuthi akwayama owesifazane ngokwethembeka ottrudivsheysya ukuphila. Waqhubeka izimo, iqoqa isitifiketi engenayo ye umyeni oshonile, nesiqalene njalo callousness abayiziphukuphuku nabangahlakaniphile abanamusa nandaba bureaucratic, futhi, ekugcineni, wenza eyakhe. Wafaka impesheni, futhi ikhumbula inkokhelo eyengeziwe ngoba kvartirovanie uthisha (Ignatyitch, egameni lapho indaba utshelwa), ke ukuqhutshwa esizuzwe ngamanga amazinga yasemakhaya, ubukhulu omkhulu - (. Ngemva ruble 1961 18) kakhulu ngendlela ruble eziyikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili futhi - "ukufa akudingekile ".

Futhi Peat imoto ...

Peat

Yebo, lolu hlobo uphethiloli livame ukusetshenziswa Ukushisa ezindaweni sezulu exhaphozini. Kubonakala ukuthi kufanele kube ngokwanele kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa empeleni ezinzima we zamashumi amahlanu Soviet wazizwa zazingekho izinto kwakudingekile ukuba abantu. Lesi simo kakhulu walondoloza phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. The High Field isinkwa hhayi kubhakwa, umkhiqizo azithengiswa, konke kwakudingeka sisidonse emasakeni kusukela isikhungo lesifunda. Kodwa, ngaphezu ukwanelisa labantu ezidliwayo, A. I. uSolzhenitsyn liyakhuluma ngokuphela elinye sici esibalulekile sokuphila zasemakhaya "Matryona" indaba. Ukushisa collective ubuholi ipulazi udaba uphasisiwe ngokugcwele izakhamuzi sigodi, futhi sebenqume ngokwakho, futhi kungenzeka kanjani: ukweba Peat. Ignatich ngokungazi wayekholelwa ukuthi iloli nophethiloli - kungcono a lot, ukuthi tando suffice lonke ebusika, kodwa empeleni kuyadingeka kathathu okungako. Peat yadonsa bonke abesifazane kwalesi sigodi - ne ingozi ukubanjwa, ukufihla Kwebiwe usihlalo ukuthi ukufudumala ekhaya lakho, yebo, unakekele.

ukuphila Siqu

Matrona endlini ephethwe elanele, kanye ayizidlakela, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuntuleka izandla besilisa abeza isimo agugile. Umlando komhiaba sihlehlela emuva ngisho nangaphambi inguquko. Inkosikazi wayeshadile, ngangihlala lapha isikhathi eside, wazala izingane eziyisithupha, okungekho noyedwa kubo ngasinda. Matrona nomshana yakhuliswa njengomunye yindodakazi yakhe, wayibamba ovela emkhayeni omkhulu Umfowabo womyeni wakhe. Kube backstory: kokuba umlobokazi, eseneminyaka engaba ngama sokusuka Thaddeus, "divirya" yakhe ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa akusebenzanga. Wasenyamalala zibe ezingekho isiJalimane, futhi wayengenayo ulinde, washada umfowabo. kamuva Thaddeus lome, wathukuthela kakhulu, kodwa uye wahlala Matrona nge efim.

Amalungelo endawo aye ibe imbangela ukungqubuzana phakathi izihlobo unqume kanjani bayohlanganyela Matryona. Izinkinga nokuphikisana esetshenziswa izindlalifa esizayo, ziye zabangela ukuphikisana eziningi engaqondakali kwaholela nasekufeni sowesifazane.

Life nesizungu

Leli dolobhana - ezweni ekhethekile, lapho amalungelo siqu imithetho yabo engabhaliwe okwakudingeka. Matrona abaningi banomuzwa oyisiphukuphuku. Akukhona umuzi njengomuzi wamukela cishe zonke. Aqashiwe izinkinga impahla emsebenzini "Matryona" iboniswe ukuntuleka inkomo nengulube, ngaphandle lapho abantu bendawo abakwazi ngokuvamile ukwenza. Criticised wakhe ngoba, nakuba kubonakala, abanye ababona kuso uthanda nowesifazane oseqinile engenabantu uhlala? Yena luqobo Kuyaqondakala lichaza isizathu salokhu ukunganaki. Ubisi emnika imbuzi ngawo kokuhlupheka yokuphakela ingasaphathwa (akusiyo uyamamatheka nethemba ukusuthisa umalusi, impilo ayiyinhle). Izidalwa eziphilayo in amagundane yakhe bukhoma, amaphela ikati izinyonga yeah, zazo zikhona eziningi - lokho wonke "Matryona". inkinga isizungu senile kwaba, nokuthi kuyoba.

ukulunga

Manje kubalulekile ukukhumbula igama inguqulo yasekuqaleni indaba. Yini umuntu olungile, futhi kungani kuba umqondo Orthodox kusebenza ongumlimi abavamile kakhulu ziphila ngobumpofu, isizungu kancane sihluke ngezigidi eziningi abesifazane abanjengaye lonke elaseSoviet Union? Yini eyenza ihluke kwabanye? Akumangalisi ukuthi Aleksandr Isaevich wafuna ukubiza umsebenzi wakhe kahle? Yiziphi izinkinga indaba "Matryona" esephakamisela?

Iqiniso lokuthi Marya ine izinga womuntu ebalulekile. Akakaze enqaba ukusiza abanye, ngaphandle kokwenza umahluko phakathi "okuhle" futhi "okubi." Weza unkosikazi predsedateleva, le ntokazi kubalulekile, futhi aplomb iyadingeka (eceliwe) ukuya emsebenzini, "ukusiza epulazini." Akazange asho sibingelela kuphela azisa ukuthi amathuluzi Ngokuqinisa udinga ukuthatha. Lesi siguli isalukazi ufuna bebonakala belahla ithemba, kodwa ke wazibuza ukuthi ngesikhathi esizayo. Ngokuqondene omakhelwane ke, futhi akudingeki ukuba ucele Matrona - ke uhlale ekulungele ukubophela, ngisho siyihlole, ngoba ingxenye yayo inkonzo futhi ayivumi ukunqotshwa yimuphi umvuzo wezinto ezibonakalayo, nakuba kwakungeke ngabe yikuphi hhayi ubuhlungu. Ignatich ngizwe ekulahleni wakhe umuntu isenzo umuntu kodwa umnikazi wayo neze Gossips.

ukufa Matrona

I esasinedumela elibi, "inkinga yomuzi" ngempela onakala zethu, ngokuvamile abantu abalungile. Futhi imisebenzi izinhlamvu futhi uhlushwa le nkinga. Ngo indaba "Matryona" Thaddeus uSolzhenitsyn okudala waba komkhulumeli ukuhaha ophithizelayo futhi Thrift ngokweqile. Asikwazi ukulinda ukuze uthole ingxenye ifa washiyela, futhi njengamanje. Nge ekwakheni nezindaba ihlathi: sandiso ukuthi isalukazi kwakungadingeki, afuna ukuthatha ke ngaphandle bese ukuhambisa kuye. Ngokwaso leso sifiso lutho olubi hhayi esivezwayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi lapha Thaddeus wayazi ukuthi Matrona babengeke benqabe. Izimpikiswano ezaphakanyiswa e-indaba "Matryona" khona emphakathini, kungakhathaliseki ezingeni engenayo. Ukuncishana futhi ishesha, ekugcineni, kuholele engozini embi. Coupling isihlibhi ugcwale zokwakha anqunywe at owela ujantshi, abashayeli isitimela awuboni ke, futhi ibhekene ugandaganda. Abantu bayafa, kuhlanganise Matrona ezathatha njalo ukusiza.

Imingcwabo kanye nezikhumbuzo

Psychology ezicashile, indida ngisho amahlaya elibuhlungu ekhona endaweni yesehlakalo yokuvalelisa ne umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho indaba "Matryona". Izinkinga nokuphikisana ziyabethelwa ezililweni umngcwabo, nokulila, izinhlamvu ahlukene ukukhishwa ngu hlandla isisusa sabo kweqiniso. Lo mfundi angeke asize abe namahloni ukuthi phezu lomngcwabo oketukayo Matrona, abesifazane ngesikhathi ukuphila okuhle engenacala, ashanele ulwazi eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka futhi intriganskie ageleza. Nokho, Kukhona futhi abantu owathanda oshonile, bayakhala ngobuqotho. Thaddeus Okwamanje simatasa: wayedinga ngokushesha ukuletha impahla kuze wawungasekho, futhi "uxazulula inkinga", ukuze ngizigcine nginolwazi oluhle wake, engivusa ngayo, njengasencwadini kuvamisile, kuphelile idili cishe merry. Konke lokhu kwasekuqaleni lembula izinkinga zokuziphatha.

Endzabeni "Matryona", njengoba kwezinye imisebenzi A. I. Solzhenitsyna, umbhali uhlangane kuyacasula okuyize, isimo sengqondo sokuzicabangela ekuphileni futhi ukukholelwa nje kungaba isiqalo esihle.