Umlando Omfushane u-Adam Smith: ukufeza oyisazi sezomnotho futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Umlando Omfushane u-Adam Smith ikuvumela ukuba ubone kangcono lokho okwakusezinhliziyweni ukuphila Economist abadumile Scottish, umsunguli theory kwezomnotho yesimanje. It yaziwa nangokuthi sefilosofi kwesimilo.

Biography Economist

Umlando Omfushane u-Adam Smith iqala ngo-1723. Wazalwa edolobheni Kirkcaldy embusweni Scotland. It is baqaphela ukuthi inhlokodolobha biography egcwele Economist alikho kuze kube manje. Namanje ngekhulu XVIII kwaba nesikhathi lapho ukubhala isinyathelo ngasinye umuntu kwaba-non-ukwamukelwa. Ngakho-ke kahle yonke imininingwane yokuphila Smith, asazi ngisho usuku lwakhe oluqondile lokuzalwa. ummeli futhi isikhulu sezomthetho - Kodwa ukuthi uyise wayengumGreki indoda ethile efundile ezaziwayo. Nokho, ngemva nje kwezinyanga ezimbili kokuzalwa kuka-Adamu, wayesefa.

igama likanina lalingu-indodakazi umninindawo ezinkulu, ngubani waqiniseka ukuthi lo mfana imfundo okahle. Umlando Omfushane izimangalo u-Adam Smith sika ukuthi wayenguKristu ingane kuphela umndeni, njengoba kungekho ubufakazi abafowabo nodadewabo asizange sisinde. I esejika ekuphileni kwakhe kwenzeka eminyakeni 4 ubudala, lapho uthe wathunjwa amaGypsy. Nokho, ukuze asuse umfana kude kuhlulekile. Izihlobo ukutakulwa. Kunokuba bahlale ekamu wayesemathuneni isikole okuhle Kirkcaldy, kusukela ingane isencane wayezungezwe inqwaba yezincwadi.

Smith sika Ezemfundo

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-14 wangena University of Glasgow Adamu Smit. Umlando Omfushane zezomnotho esizayo ke waqala ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo. Phela wayesezulwini isikhungo okuthiwa Scottish Ukukhanyiselwa. Ingakapheli iminyaka emibili, wafunda izinto eziyisisekelo nefilosofi nge umsekeli eyaziwayo deism Francis Hutcheson. imfundo Smith kwakungu ezahlukene kakhulu. I zaseyunivesithi lalinabashumayeli logic, ifilosofi sokuziphatha, izilimi zasendulo ezinjengo-Greek, kanye bokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nezibalo.

Esikhathini Biography emfushane ka-Adamu Smith kuqashelwe ukuthi ofunda wayecabanga ukuthi okungenani eziyinqaba. Ngokwesibonelo, angayinqoba kalula cabanga ujule, ngokuba e inkampani ezinomsindo futhi bejabule, kanti ayiphenduli kwabanye.

Ngo 1740 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Oxford Adamu Smit. Umlando Omfushane Economist kukuvumela ukwazi ukuthi kukhona wathola umfundaze, wafundela ukuba ingqikithi yeminyaka engu-6. Kulokhu, usosayensi ezibucayi kakhulu imfundo wathola khona, siphawula ukuthi iningi osolwazi ngalesi sikhungo isikhathi eside wenqaba efundisa ngisho ukubonakala. Nokho, njalo ogulayo futhi akazange abonise isithakazelo esincane emnothweni.

kwezesayensi

Ngu kocwaningo nokufundisa waqala ngo 1748 Adam Smit (Biography emfushane usosayensi ugomela ngokuthi indlela). Waqala abathethise at University of Edinburgh. Ekuqaleni, babengenakuphika lutho ukwenzani emnothweni, futhi ezinikele elikhulu ezincwadini nasemasikweni amaNgisi umthetho kamuva, owawuthandwa kakhulu uyise ezomnotho kanye kwabantu.

Kwakuphakathi nalesi inyuvesi uqala ukuvela nentshisekelo sezomnotho u-Adam Smith. Economist Scottish sefilosofi waqala ukuveza imibono liberalism kwezomnotho ngasekuqaleni 1750s.

Smith Izimpumelelo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi 1750 Adam Smit (u-Adam Smith), lapho Biography emfushane yalesi ngempela ukusho, bahlangana sefilosofi saseScotland David Hume. Imibono yabo iyefana, lokubonakala imisebenzi yabo eminingi ngokuhlanganyela. Bakhandwa enikelwe hhayi kuphela emnothweni kodwa futhi inkolo, ezombusazwe, ifilosofi, umlando. Ososayensi ezimbili sebedlale mhlawumbe indima ebalulekile Scottish Ukukhanyiselwa.

Ngo-1751 Smith waqokwa Uprofesa logic e-University of Glasgow, yena kwaphila kokuphothula. impumelelo yakhe olandelayo kwaba esikhundleni dean, inherited it in 1758.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Ngo 1759, Smith ezikhishwe incwadi yakhe ethandwa "Umbono we Sentiments Zokuziphatha." Yayisekelwe ezinkulumo zakhe e-University of Glasgow. Kulesi umsebenzi ke ihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe izimiso zokuhle yokuziphatha, empeleni ukukhuluma ngokumelene izimilo isonto, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isitatimende ngempela izinguquko. Kungenjalo, ukwesaba ekuyeni esihogweni Smith ezihlongozwayo ukuhlola izenzo zabo kusukela iphuzu umbono ngokuziphatha, ngaleyo ndlela ekhuluma esivuna ukulingana lokumukelekako bonke abantu.

Usosayensi ukuphila Siqu

Mayelana nokuphila kwangasese kuka-Adamu Smith kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo. Idatha aziphelele futhi kusele izingxenyana nje ze. Ngakho, kunenkolelo yokuthi kabili, eGlasgow ne-Edinburgh, wayekade cishe ukushada, kodwa ngasizathu simbe akwenzekanga.

Ngenxa yalokho, bonke usosayensi ukuphila kwakhe wachitha nonina, ababefe eminyakeni eyisithupha kuphela ngikhonze phambi kwendodana yakhe futhi umzala, abasala a spinster. Abaphila Besikhathi usosayensi isimangalo sokuthi indlu yakhe njalo bondliwa ukudla Scottish bendabuko, amasiko endawo zenani.

ithiyori kwezomnotho

Nokho imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu usosayensi wacabangela indatshana "Umcebo of Nations." It yanyatheliswa ngo-1776. I indatshana is ihlukaniswe yaba izincwadi ezinhlanu. Economist lokuqala ihlola izizathu ezikusiza ukwandisa umkhiqizo, futhi kanjalo ukwahlukanisa umkhiqizo phakathi amakilasi abantu ngendlela engokwemvelo.

Encwadini yesibili uchaza ubunjalo dolobha, isicelo yayo kanye ukunqwabelana. Bese kufika ingxenye mayelana nendlela ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle phakathi kwezizwe ezahlukene, njll izinhlelo wezomnotho kwezombangazwe. Futhi incwadi yokugcina, umlobi ubhala mayelana iholo loya isimo futhi le nkosi.

A indlela entsha emnothweni ezihlongozwayo Adamu Smit. Biography emfushane, izingcaphuno kanye aphorisms kahle yibo bonke abayithandayo yakhe. Isisho kunazo owaziwa has it ukuthi isandla engabonakali emakethe baqashwe ukukhuthaza ekupheleni okuyinto ekuqaleni bahluleka inhloso yayo. Smith encwadini yakhe inikeza umbono yalo indima isimiso sezomnotho isimo. Kamuva yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi ithiyori kwezomnotho classical.

Ngokuhambisana ke isimo iphoqelekile ukuba bathathe ukuphepha komuntu nezindaba zokuphila, kanye bangasephula yangasese. Kufanele futhi ukusiza ukuxazulula izimpikiswano phakathi kwezakhamizi ngesisekelo umthetho nobulungisa. Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi isimo kufanele zilawule imisebenzi ukuthi ukwenza umuntu engakwazi noma alenze ayizwakali.

Smith baba usosayensi wokuqala ukuchaza imigomo yomnotho emakethe. Yena ngesankahlu wagomela ukuthi wonke usomabhizinisi esifisa sifinyelele izithakazelo zabo zangasese kanye siqu. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuyazuzisa wonke umphakathi, ngisho noma usomabhizinisi ikakhulukazi akazange acabange ngayo noma ungathandi. Isimo eziyisisekelo ekuzuzeni miphumela Smith ngokuthi inkululeko kwezomnotho, okufanele ngesisekelo nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho. Futhi, kufanele kube kukhona inkululeko wokuncintisana, ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kanye nokuzikhethela amasimu womsebenzi.

Smith washona ngo-Edinburgh ngo 1790. Wayeneminyaka engu-67 ubudala. Wayelethwa abaphethwe isifo wamathumbu.