Umhlobo esifundeni eMoscow, ukwehlukana kwayo kanye nokuvikelwa

Isici esiyinhloko nemvelo eMoscow nesifunda eMoscow kuyinto indawo.

landscape

esifundeni eMoscow kuyahluka impumuzo ikakhulu flat. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga wezintaba ezinde, ifinyelela ezingaphezu kweyodwa, anamanci mathandathu amamitha. Esempumalanga ihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko yisigodi esikhulu.

Kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya enyakatho-mpumalanga welula umkhawulo we glaciation eMoscow. Ngasenyakatho yalo ubuswa ukuguguleka amafomu glacial, okuyinto lihlotshiswe ezinhlwini ibala. Eningizimu ukusakaza amafomu nempumuzo kuphela erosional.

Isimo sezulu

Ikakhulukazi ubunjalo esifundeni eMoscow inquma ngokulinganisela sezulu zone. Uma kucatshangelwa seasonality abahlukene ehlobo isimo sezulu esifudumele, futhi ebusika kuba ngokulinganisela abandayo. Omunye kungaba ukugcina ukwanda yezwekazi enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuya eningizimu-mpumalanga. Phakathi kuka-ezingu-120 135, nezinga lokushisa 0 degrees Celsius ngezansi. Uthatha sikhathi, maphakathi no-November kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-March. esifundeni Nature eMoscow bazivumelanisa kusho lokushisa wonyaka zokhahlamba kusuka 2.7 kuya 3.8 degrees Celsius.

emfuleni

Zonke amadamu tetinkhombamagama ngokusebenzisa esifundeni laseMoscow sibe nobuhlobo ngqo iVolga umcengezi. IVolga ngokwayo egoba azungeze indawo encane zensimu endaweni lapho kukhona umngcele ne Tver esifundeni. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye noMfula iVolga nemingenela ukugeleza, futhi eningizimu - nemingenela we Oka, okuyinto owumthelela kuqala futhi ngobukhulu ngemva iVolga esifundeni Moscow. I-swimming pool ye Oka futhi zihlanganisa nemingenela we Moskva River, ingxenye enkulu imvilophu Meshchery.

Ingqikithi emifuleni endaweni - abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Ubude wabo amakhilomitha engaphezu kweyishumi ziqhubeka. Ngamunye wabo has a ukugeleza okusimeme evuthiwe esigodini floodplains. Eliphawuleka kakhulu iyona iqhwa ezikhuluphalisiweyo. isikhathi uzamcolo ziyinkathi-Ephreli kuya ku-May. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lo jikelele ezingeni amanzi kuqhathaniswa ongaphakeme, ngivuka kuphela uma imvula isikhathi eside. Kusukela ngo-November kuya ku-April, umfula embozwe iqhwa. Shipping kuphela enkulu: Oka, eVolga noMfula Moskva.

izimila

Ngenxa yokuthi esifundeni eMoscow itholakala ehlathini asemaqeleni zigaba, amahlathi emvula aminyene ukumboza amane amaphesenti endaweni umhlaba ngokuphelele. Umbuso wasenyakatho part Upper iVolga ezisezansi, entshonalanga - Mozhaisk, Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy izindawo. Kule ndawo linwetshelwe ihlathi lezihlahla, omningi walo okuyinto sonwele. Ubunjalo Region eMoscow esifundeni emelelwa Meshchora pine ihlathi. Ezindaweni izimbuku zingatholakala amahlathi elingalodwa Alder. Engxenyeni maphakathi kanye nasempumalanga zensimu ezincane zikhule zezihlahla kanye lezihlahla. Ngesisekelo sonwele zikaphayini, birch, e-aspen.

Esinindolweni owandile hazel, obizwa nangokuthi hazelnut. Izinhlobonhlobo nemvelo, nesifunda eMoscow ngenxa khona iqoqo subzones. Uma isikhungo ubuswa zezihlahla, etholakala eningizimu kwamahlathi lezihlahla. Lezi zihlanganisa i-oki, e-aspen, futhi Elm ne-maple akushiyela abukhali. Le ndawo ushintsho njengoba Moskva-Oka egqumeni, ocebile namapheshana enkulu sonwele. Isibonelo okuphawuleka elingenhla Lopasnya emfuleni. Oka esigodini ihlanganisa ehlathini, ngokwesimo sawo kakhulu kuyisici sobuntu emaqeleni.

On elisemaphethelweni aseningizimu, okuhlanganisa indawo Isiliva-Prudsky ubuswa ihlathi-asemaqeleni zone. Ngenxa yokuthi yonke isiqephu sezwe lishayisa, eziyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo ayizange ngasinda ngisho izinsalela. Kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ungahlangana lime noma i-oak Grove.

Ngenxa yokuthi kusukela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, emahlathini ezabekwa phansi imithi olunzulu, ubunjalo esifundeni eMoscow osekushintshile isilinganiso zemithi. Softwood (ngokukhethekile - ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi) ukhuni menyu engaphansi Wayiphenya ezincane okuyizinto birch kanye aspen. Kuze kube manje, ugodo ngamunye inenani zokonga amanzi, ngakho ukusika cishe non-akukho. kwenziwe ngokucophelela ngaphandle ngomsebenzi wokwakha kwimodi eziphuthumayo - endaweni eduze ngokushesha eMoscow.

Ngo Shatura futhi Lukhovitsky izindawo ezivamile ixhaphozi. Iningi lawo abantu esempumalanga. izimfunda Yemvelo cishe ziphinde zenzeke. Isibalo isitshalo bomdabu incipha ngokucijile Nokho, ziya ziba mandla zanda amalungu oluhlaza yezinye izinhlobo, ezifana maple American, inkomo Parsnip Sosnowski, Aquilegia vulgaris. Nature Conservancy Kumele esifundeni laseMoscow kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba izitshalo eziningi ezisohlwini Red Encwadi WaseRussia. Lezi zihlanganisa amanzi onsundu, slipper ntokazi, kanye nabanye.

emhlabeni isilwane

Class lwezilwane ezincelisayo kwezine endaweni emelelwa izimbila imithini, amaphrotheni, Otter, muskrat, Ermine, raccoon izinja, onogwaja, onogwaja (Belyakov, brown), shrews, ochakide, izimpungushe, amaphiva, izingulube zasendle, nezimvukuzane, amagundane (omnyama, ompunga) , marten, amagundane (ihlathi, yellow-, ensimini, brownies, amagundane umntwana), birch amagundane, mink, izinyamazane (ezihloniphekayo, nezimanakanaka, izinyamazane), muskrat, izimvukuzane (obomvu, grey, Pashennoye, amanzi, izindlu), ferrets omnyama . Izinhlobonhlobo ubunjalo esifundeni eMoscow akugcini kwezinhlobo ohlwini. Ngesikhathi imingcele ukuhlangabezana ibhere, ama-lynx, impisi. Nasengxenyeni eseningizimu kuhlale hamsters yemifino, ikhombe phansi izingwejeje, hamsters, itshe marten, ferrets.

izindawo ngamunye kungaba ukuziqhayisa imiphakathi eqinile kwezilwane atypical kule ndawo. Lezi zihlanganisa izingwejeje ezindizayo, izingwejeje ezindizayo, American, eSiberia Roe izinyamazane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo esincelisayo zisuka kwezinye izifunda. E-Moscow kukhona angaphezu kweshumi nambili zinhlobo amalulwane Myotis (abavamile, baleen, echibini, amanzi), nelulwane (ihlathi, dwarfs), noctule (obomvu, elincane, giant), isikhumba ezimbili anemibala, plecotus ensundu.

nezilwane ezinamaphiko

Ukubuka izinyoni eziyinkimbinkimbi yakhiwa abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa zezinyoni. Iqukethe inqwaba tamarind, Blackbirds, grouse bullfinches, Nightingale, Korostelev peewits, nonogolantethe ezimhlophe, Indwandwe empunga, ama-gull, toadstools, amadada, Ruddy. Kunezindlela eziningi ondlunkulu, magpies, iqhude kanye nabanye abameleli izinyoni abahlala eRussia emaphakathi. izinhlobonhlobo angaphezu kwamashumi amane okukhulunywe ukuzingela.

izakhamizi Amanzi

Nature eMoscow Region ocebile amachibi okuhlala ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi (ruffs, carp, breams, groupers, roach, Rota, Pike-perch, Pike).

Class izinambuzane has inqwaba izinhlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinyosi eyodwa kuphela zimumethe zenyathi abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu. Bahlala lapha "izakhamuzi 'we-International Red Book.

amphibia

Eziyisithupha zilwane ezihuquzelayo imvelo ocebile esifundeni laseMoscow. Izithombe ezinye zazo singathola ngisho zesikole. Izibankwa (kuhlanganise ziyaqothuka, anguis, viviparous, emincanyana), inyoka (nebululu, ezivamile garter izinyoka copperhead). Futhi, kunobufakazi bokuthi kunabantu abaningi elincane bog izimfudu endaweni. Class izilwane zasemhlabeni kukhona zintulo (abavamile, pectinate), Toads (grey and green), frog (herbal, idenge lenkangala elimile afabana, ichibi, echibini, ezidliwayo), spadefoot ezivamile, i-European iselesele umlilo-bellied.

Ukuvikelwa

Le phrojekthi kazwelonke "Diversity nesifunda eMoscow imvelo" kuhloswe ukuba adonsele ukunakekela izinto zamagugu kuzwelonke ukuthi babe obaluleke ngokukhethekile kwemvelo, ezamasiko kanye kwesayensi.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kuvikelwe ulimi lwawo luhluke endaweni ezinzima umthelela yabantu ku-bio-izakhiwo. Kuze kube yimanje, usethe izindawo ezivikelwe. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa Oka masimu Biosphere Reserve (engaphansi igunya lokuvikela ngokukhethekile njengeziNdawo inyathi), National Park "Moose Isiqhingi", kanye ukuzingela agodliwe "Zavidovo" futhi iziqiwu ebaluleke sikahulumeni.

Le phrojekthi "Diversity ubunjalo esifundeni eMoscow" disseminates ulwazi avikelwe ngokukhethekile ezindaweni zemvelo okuqondene kumagugu esizwe. izakhiwo ezinjalo izingxenye ezihlukene kokubili ebusweni eliwumhlaba futhi zasemanzini, futhi isikhala ngenhla kubo. Basuke asuswe angasetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye nezomnotho igunya lomphakathi, futhi isinqumo zemizimba ekhethekile angaphansi Ukuvikelwa umbuso ekhethekile.

ubunjalo ezikhumbuzo

izindawo avikelwe ngokukhethekile kukhona Irreplaceable bio-izakhiwo. izikhumbuzo Natural we Region eMoscow kufaka hlangana amaphrojekthi ezingaphezu kuka ayisishiyagalombili. Izinhloso yasendlini, izindunduma, amakoloni elincane izinyoni, kwezinye izindawo amakoloni asemaqeleni, iziza izigodi gullies ehlukile, amakoloni kwama-beaver, izindawo lapho izinyoni esidlekeni, amachibi ezincane, izindawo, izindawo ezincane ihlathi, umfula oxbow umphumela umbuso okuhloswe ngaso ekulondolozeni isesimweni sayo semvelo . konke asuswe umhlaba, futhi kulawulwa umthetho ezweni Russian Federation.

Ngamunye ucezu imvelo has ipasipoti ayo, equkethe ulwazi mayelana igama, indawo, izinga kwakuwukuthi, imingcele, izindlela zokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kuvunyelwe, futhi yokuxhumana abanikazi bomhlaba lapho kukhona izinhlelo zemvelo, kanye ulwazi bantu abaphumelele phezu umthwalo nokugcina biocomplex.