Umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis uphila: imiyalelo, ukubuyekezwa, ukwakheka, izinkinga. Amagciwane ngokumelene poliomyelitis angenisiwe namagama abo. Impendulo yomgomo wokugoma ipholio

Izinkinga zokugoma ziyisikhubekiso phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo nabazali. Lokhu kungashiwo ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, uma umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis ushiwo. Kungenziwa ngomzila womlomo noma ngomjovo. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo zemigomo, okungcono ukukhetha - sizozama ukuqonda lesi sihloko.

I-Poliomyelitis ...

Lesi sifo kubhekwa njengokungavamile namuhla, kodwa hhayi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele, ngakho kungcono ukugoba. I-Poliomyelitis ibangelwa ama-virus futhi ivuselela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhubazeka, futhi iholela ekukhubazekeni kokuphila.

Lesi sifo singabangela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphefumula nokuphefumula komzimba, ngoba kukhona ukukhubazeka komzimba okubandakanya ukunyakaza okuphefumulayo. Lesi simo singaholela ekufeni.

Kuze kube manje, akusekho imithi enjalo engakwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke ukukhululwa okuwukuphela komgomo wokugoma ipholiyo.

Emisebenzini yezokwelapha emhlabeni lo mgomo usetshenziselwe kusukela ngo-1955, okwenza abaningi bakwazi ukususa lesi sifo esibi kakhulu. Njengamanje, amazwe ambalwa kuphela ahlala emithonjeni yalokhu ukutheleleka.

Izinhlobo zemithi yokulwa ne-poliomyelitis

Manje esitokisini sodokotela kukhona imigomo emibili engavimbela ukuqala kwesifo.

1. Umgomo wokuphila omlomo we-Sebina (OPV).
2. Ukugoma okungaqaliwe kwe-Salk (i-IPV).

Uma sikhuluma mayelana nokwakhiwa komgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis, kokubili izinguqulo ziqukethe zonke amagciwane zalesi sifo ezitholakalayo kuze kube yimanje - 1, 2. 3. Umgomo wokuqala wokukhiqiza ukhiqizwa ezweni lakithi, kanti i-IPV ingakwamanye amazwe, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo eRussia kugunyazwe yiMnyango WezeMpilo.

Umgomo ohlangene wokulwa ne-diphtheria, i-pertussis, i-tetanus, i-poliomyelitis "iTetrakok " ekubunjweni kwayo nayo i-IPV. Ibhaliswe nathi ezweni futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu.

Ngomkhuba wezingane, imishanguzo iqala ukunikezwa ezinganeni kakade kusukela ezinyangeni ezintathu. Yimiphi imigomo ye-polio esetshenziswayo - ukungenisa, isibonelo, i-Imovax Polio, noma ekhaya - ungaxoxa nodokotela wakho futhi ubonise okuthandayo.

Isikhathi sokugoma

Izingane zinezinhlelo zokugoma, okumele zihambelane nazo. Ukugonywa ngalunye kwenziwa esikhathini esithile. Umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis awuhlukile. Le bhukwana iqukethe ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngalokhu. I-inoculation yokuqala eyenziwa ingane uma ineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Umthamo wesibili wokugoma kufanele uthathwe emzimbeni wezingane emva kwenyanga nenyanga, bese kuthi ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha, umgomo ugonywe.

Ukuze uthole umthelela oqinile futhi onokwethenjelwa, ukuvuselelwa kufanele kwenziwe, kwenziwa ngezinyanga ezingu-18 nangemva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Isikhathi sokugcina umgomo kufanele ungene emzimbeni uneminyaka engu-14.

Kulawo mazwe lapho igciwane elibangela ukuthi lesi sifo lingakhulumi khona, ukugonywa kwenziwa esibhedlela sokubeletha. Akakwazi ukudala isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kusukela ezinyangeni ezimbili uqala ukugoma okuphelele.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi imishanguzo emihlanu kuphela inganikeza ukuvikeleka okunokwethenjelwa ngalesi sifo esibi. Uma, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, isimiso somuthi wokugoma singena emzimbeni, bese ungaqali futhi, noma ungakwazi ukuchitha imishanguzo engekho.

Umgomo wokulwa ne poliomyelitis uphila

Lolu hlobo lokugoma lwadalwa phakathi nekhulu lama-20 yiDkt. Sebin odumile. Ekubunjweni kwayo kunesifo esibuthakathaka kakhulu kodwa esiphilayo. Isidakamizwa kuyinto uketshezi olubomvu elinomuncu obabayo.

Umgogodla ungena emzimbeni womuntu ngokusebenzisa umlomo womlomo, udokotela umane nje ephonsa amaconsi ambalwa emlonyeni wengane ngosizo lomsele owenziwe ngokukhethekile kule njongo. Njengoba umgomo ungaba nezinkinga ezahlukene, inani lamaconsi libalwa ngesisekelo salokhu.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi umgomo awufanele ungene esiswini, kungenjalo uzovele uwele lapho futhi ungabi nomphumela omuhle. Ngalokhu engqondweni, izinsana ziphonsa umgomo emgodini wolimi kuze kube unyaka, lo mkhakha uqukethe cishe akukho ukunambitheka, okuvimbela ukuphindaphinda okungenzeka.

Izingane ezindala zidonsa ngamathoni we-palatine. Uma umuthi wokuphila ophikisana ne-poliomyelitis isetshenziswa, imfundo ikhuthaza ukuphinda nokugoma uma kwenzeka ukuhlanza noma ukuvuselelwa ezinganeni. Ngemuva kokugoma, awukwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini ihora.

Ngemuva kokuthola izicubu ze-lymphoid, igciwane kancane kancane lingene egazini, futhi kanye nalo ngaphakathi emathunjini, lapho liqala khona ngokuphindaphindiwe. Isivikelo somzimba sokuqala samasosha siqala ukusabela ekuhlaselweni kwamanye amazwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-antibodies, bazokwenza ukuvikeleka okunokwethenjelwa ngegciwane eligcwele. Uma umuntu ehlangabezana nobunzima obuphilayo, isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba sizosheshe sisebenzise ama-antibodies akhiwe, okuyinto ezokwenza ukukhushulwa kwesifo.

Umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis (i-OPV) unesici: izingane ngemuva kokugonywa okwamanje ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zikhululwa emvelweni isifo segciwane nge-air exhaled by sneezing, ngaleyo ndlela "ukugoma" ezinye izinsana.

Ukusabela komzimba ukugoma

Ezinganeni emva kokugoma, lezi zimo ezilandelayo zingenzeka:

• Ukushisa komzimba kungakhuphuka kancane. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-5 no-14 emva kokugoma.
• Abanye abantu bane-disorder ye-stool, uhudo noma ukuqothulwa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala.

Ukusabela okunjalo kumgomo wokugoma ipholi kuyisiko futhi akufanele ukwesabise abazali. Zonke lezi zibonakaliso ziyadlula ngokushesha futhi azidingi ukwelashwa.

Izinkinga emva kokugoma

Umgomo wokulwa nezinkinga ze-poliomyelitis nawo ungabangela. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-poliomyelitis ngokumelene nokugoma. Lesi simo kungenzeka uma kwenzeka ukugoma kungenziwa ngemithetho nangamaphutha, isibonelo, ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo esithathelwanayo somntwana, ukukhubazeka, izinkinga ezinezinkinga zesisu.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezibonakaliso ezibangelwa ukwelashwa ngesimo sempumu egijima, kuqhuma esikhumbeni.

Uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukubonisa okusolayo abazali kufanele babize udokotela. Kodwa ngokuvamile lokhu kugonywa ngokumelene nokuhlaziywa kwe-poliomyelitis kuhle - izingane zibekezelela kalula.

Ukungafani kokugonywa kwe-OPV

Lolu hlobo lokugoma alinakwenziwa uma:

• Kutholakala ukuthi une-HIV.
• Kunezifo ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni.
• Ukuthatha i-corticosteroids noma i-cytostatics.
• Uma umndeni unesiguli sokuzivivinya, lokhu kusebenza njengophikisho lokugoma.

Uma i-OPV ingenakwenziwa, lokhu akusho ukuthi olunye uhlobo lokugoma luzophikisana.

Umgomo wokuvimbela

Lolu hlobo lokugoma lwadalwa ngo-1950 nguSolcom. Ukwakhiwa komgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis yalezi zilwane kuhluke kakhulu. I, ngokungafani ne-OPV, iqukethe igciwane eliye lakhishwa ngokungenalutho nge-formalin. Ukukhulula esirweni elilahlayo, equkethe isilinganiso esisodwa sika 0.5 ml.

Umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis uqaliswa - imfundo ikwazisa ngakho - ehlombe noma emthangeni, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukugcina umuthi wokuphuza noma ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kokudla.

Ukwengezwa kwama-pathogens efile emzimbeni futhi kubangele ukwakheka kwama-antibodies, lapho, lapho uhlangana khona nobunzima bukhoma, uzovikela ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-poliomyelitis.

Umzimba usabela kanjani ku-inoculation enjalo?

Naphezu kokuthi le mithi yokugoma ayiqukethe ama-virusi aphile, ingabangela nokunye ukuphendula komzimba. Phakathi kwazo ngokuvamile lokhu okulandelayo:

• Abanye banobomvu esakhiweni somjovo kanye nokuvuvukala okuncane.
• Ukushisa komzimba nakho kunganda kancane.
• Isifiso siphukile, futhi kukhona ukukhathazeka okuthile.

Lokhu kugonywa ngokumelene nokuhlaziywa kwe-poliomyelitis kuhle futhi kubhekwa njengokuphephile. Iziphetho ezinjalo zisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi akakwazi ukuvusa ukuthuthukiswa komgomo wokugoma i-poliomyelitis, ikhishwa ngesilinganiso esisodwa, ngakho-ke akukho nhlobo yokudlula ngokweqile. I-inoculation ngesimo somjovo, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuphindwa kabusha, njengoba kwenzeka ezinganeni ezinamaconsi e-OPV.

I-IPV engaboniswa

Lolu hlobo lokugoma lunqatshelwe ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe imithi emithi ethile, kubandakanya:

• "Streptomycin."
• "Kanamycin".
• "Neomycin".
• "I-Polymyxin B".

I-contraindication ingase isebenze njengento eqinile yokungezwani komzimba kumthamo wangaphambilini.

Ubani onganconywa nganoma yikuphi ukugoma?

Noma ngabe yimuphi umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis isetshenziswa, kunezimo nezifo okuphikisana kuzo ukugoma:

1. Ukutholakala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo ngesikhathi sokugoma. Kulesi simo, ukugoma kungenziwa kuphela emva kokuba isilwane siphume lesi sifo futhi siqiniswe ngokugcwele.
2. Uma kunezifo ezingelapheki, ukugoma kumele kwenziwe kuphela ngesikhathi sokususwa okuzinzile.
3. Isizathu sokwenqaba ukugoma ngukubukeka kwe-edema enzima, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukubonakaliswa kwemizwa emva kokugoma kwangaphambilini.
4. Ukubeletha kwengane.

Imithi yokulwa ne-poliomyelitis ingase ibe namagama ahlukene, kodwa ukuphikisana kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube nesiqinisekiso sokungabikho kwemiphumela emibi kanye nezinkinga. Lokhu akusebenzi kuphela kulabo abakhiqizwa ezweni lakithi, kepha futhi bangeniswa.

Kuze kube yilapho lesi sifo esibi sisuswe ngokuphelele emhlabeni wonke, inkinga yokugoma izohlala ibalulekile. Muva nje, ezincwadini, kwi-intanethi, ungahlangabezana nemali enkulu yokwaziswa okuphikisanayo. Abanye bathi ukugoma kuyingozi, futhi abalandeli bomunye umqondo - ukuthi bayisifo esibuhlungu sezifo ezimbi.

Akumangalisi ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje abazali abaningi baye baqala ukwenqaba noma yimaphi amagciwane. Umgomo wokulwa ne-poliomyelitis uphinde uwele kulolu hlobo. Yiqiniso, ukudlulisa igciwane noma ukwenqaba - wonke umuntu uyazikhethela yena.

Kodwa wonke umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ukwenqaba kwamagciwane kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima uma kungazelelwe igciwane elibangela izifo ezinzima livela endleleni. Ngifuna ukweluleka: ngaphambi kokwenza ukhetho lwakho ekuhlosweni kokugoma noma ngokumelene nayo, udinga ukutadisha ngokucophelela le nkinga uphinde uhlole izinzuzo nezingozi.

Futhi kungcono ukuxhumana nochwepheshe onolwazi, futhi ungafundi ukubuyekezwa kwi-Inthanethi, ngakho ngeke usuzisole ngesinqumo sakho. Yiba nempilo futhi unakekele izingane zakho, khumbula ukuthi impilo yakho isesandleni sakho.