I ekuthengisweni kotshwala ukuze ingane. Umthetho nokukhawulela nokudayiswa kotshwala

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu efanele futhi ezibalulekile daba, ngisho ngezindinganiso namuhla, yilona ekuthengisweni kotshwala ukuba ubuso ezincane. Ingozi ieala enjalo? Kuyini isijeziso kahle? Konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Izici icala

Xwayani ukulinganisela futhi ngendlela enempilo lempilo izingane zabo ukweleta abazali. Nokho, ezingeni wombuso kufanele kwenziwe umsebenzi wezinga eliphakeme ukuze silwe ukuluthwa utshwala yobusha. Ngakho, ngo-2016 inani alkogolezavisimyh engamahlongandlebe cishe izinkulungwane 14. Man. Kodwa lokhu kuphela ngokuvumelana izibalo ezisemthethweni, izibalo ziyiqiniso cishe okuningi kunalokho. Njengoba kulindelekile, laba izibalo zibonisa into eyodwa kuphela: ukunikeza umsebenzi ngempumelelo kokubili umphakathi futhi ezingeni intrafamily.

Kuthiwani indima isimo e kuwumshikashika kangaka? Wayeqhuba ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa ukukhuthazwa ukuphila ngendlela enempilo, futhi ngenxa yokulwisana komgomo ezinjalo, ezifana ukudayiswa izingane utshwala futhi senze. Izici ngalesi sifo okukhulunywa zimi kanje:

• umthwalo wokuphatha for ukuhlukumeza olulodwa;
• necala lobugebengu ngenxa ukwephulwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka ezimbili ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.

Eyingozi kakhulu ukudayiswa izingane utshwala futhi senze?

Kusekhona abantu (kanye omdala ngempela) abakholelwa ukuthi ukuthenga utshwala - kuyindaba yangasese lomuntu ngamunye, okubalwa nomfana osemncane. Yiqiniso, lena sibi futhi ukwahlulela eyiphutha. Angeke uqhathanise izixazululo abadala nge nobuwula nokungabi nalwazi kwabancane. Ukulawula izingane kufanele njalo kube phezu ingxenye yomkhaya futhi isimo. Kungenjalo, lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo zingabonisa emphakathini wethu:

• umthelela elimazayo utshwala emzimbeni ingane (ukwephula ezinkulu umsebenzi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo);
• ingozi nomphakathi: ekuphumeni ubugebengu, inani elikhulu izenzo engamukelekile;
• amazinga aphansi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, amasiko nezenhlalo of the state.

Ukuvela lezi zinkinga ziye kakhulu ehlaselwe ekuthengisweni kotshwala ukuba ubuso ezincane. Yingakho Russia yokutholwa umthetho phezu ekuthengisweni kotshwala kwabancane (ku umkhawulo kokudayiswa umthetho).

Ubani ingane?

Kuze kube manje, umphakathi Russian kukhona abanye nokungaboni ngaso linye nge ukuthi, ngasiphi yobudala ungakwazi ukuthenga izinhlobo zophuzo oludakayo. Abaningi bayokuthi ukuthi kulonyaka Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa - kuba yobudala. Nokho, amaketanga eziningi okudayisa athengisa utshwala ukuze izakhamuzi ubudala 21, futhi akukho okunye. Kulokhu, umthetho uthi?

Empeleni, konke ulula. Ngokusemthethweni, le ukudayiswa utshwala kuvunyelwe abantu abaletha batholile engu-nesishiyagalombili. Nokho, ezinye izitolo eziningi Unelungelo ukusungula imithetho yayo ukuziphatha kanye ukudayiswa abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-21 (endleleni, lo mkhuba uye waba eSoviet Union futhi isasetshenziswa emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga). Kukhona elinye futhi iphuzu lokuthi ungakwazi unake: irisidi ekuseni wekhono (okungenani iminyaka engu-16). Nokho, ekuthengisweni kotshwala bantu bill alisho lutho.

Ingabe umthetho amaphoyisa sicasulwa?

Iningi lezakhamuzi Russian zaziwa imibiko ezithile zethelevishini mayelana nendlela catch amaphoyisa nabathengisi abonakele utshwala "ku lolo bukhoma." ukuthi izehlakalo ezinjalo zingokomthetho? Yini lo mthetho uthi ukudayiswa izingane utshwala futhi senze? Udinga ukuqonda.

Kusukela umbono yezinkantolo, izilinganiso ezichazwe ngenhla, kukhona, njengoba besho, sisonqenqemeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthetho elawula umsebenzi tekusebenta-search, engabondli abakubo iqhaza ezifana imisebenzi izingane. Nokho, izikhulu zamaphoyisa ezasetshenziswa ukuthola izaba zomthetho, ucabangela ingane yakhe ikhulume, hhayi njengoba amalungu ukusebenza, kanye abathengi ngqo. Noma kunjalo, abanye bathi izinkantolo Unelungelo babize abagqugquzeli leyo misebenzi ku-akhawunti (ngokuya nge-Athikili 14,16 kweKhodi Administrative).

I ekuthengisweni kotshwala ukuba ingane: Isivivinyo

Yiziphi izimiso zomthetho elawula ukuvinjelwa ekuthengisweni kotshwala kwabancane? Ngqo libhekisela yimaphi amadokhumenti alandelayo:

• Umthetho 171 ka-1995. Kuyinto lo mthetho ulawula inzuzo kwemikhiqizo utshwala endaweni WaseRussia.
• Article 14,16 Ikhodi Administrative Amacala we Russian Federation (CAO). Ngokusho kwakhe, kuba amaphoyisa yonke imibiko ezidingekayo ku ukwephulwa ekuthengisweni kotshwala. Ayikho ngaphandle kanye ekuthengisweni kotshwala kwabancane.
• Article 151,1 we Criminal Code. Isetshenziselwa lapho sisuke sicabanga isenzo angawi ngaphansi sihloko kweKhodi Administrative, futhi ngenxa yalokho, akukhona ieala, njengoba kakade ubugebengu samanje. On kungaba nomthengisi yicala owayethengisa izingane utshwala futhi senze ngendlela okuphindaphindiwe.

ukwephulwa Ukwakheka

Yamadivayisi utshwala kubhekwa ieala kufezeke uma kwafakazelwa ngokugcwele njengokuyiqiniso yokuthi ukudayiswa, setha Umthengisi ungubani futhi uthumele isigwebo esifanele umsolwa. Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinhlawulo ukuthengisa isizumbulu. Ngakho, isijeziso yemali, ngokuya nge-Athikili 14,16 kweKhodi Administrative, futhi zonke kungonakalisa ezinye izitolo ezincane.

Futhi yini engase ishiwo ekuthengisweni kotshwala ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-nesishiyagalombili izakhamuzi njengesenzo sobugebengu? Kulokhu-ke kumelwe kube nobufakazi icala uphinda. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukusungula usuku oluqondile phakathi komthetho. Ngakho, uma kuba esingaphansi ezingu-180, isenzo esibuzwayo isivele ubugebengu (ingxenye yalo esisemthethweni). Kulesi ngenhloso Umthengisi kuzoxoxwa ngqo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isijeziso kuyoba ezifanele.

Lubhekele ekuthengisweni kotshwala kwabancane

It is, ekugcineni, ukubhekana kakhulu isijeziso lesi sifo embuzweni. Yini esongela nabathengisi abonakele ukudayisa (noma kabusha ukudayiswa) uphuzo oludakayo ukuze izingane nentsha? Yikuphi okuhle ngokudayisa izingane utshwala futhi senze udela umthetho?

Umuntu wemvelo, ngokuvumelana Ikhodi Administrative kufanele ziphoqelelwe ukuba zikhokhe imali engu-30 kuya ayizinkulungwane 50. Ruble. Esemthethweni - kusukela eziyikhulu kuya ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili. abantu Legal uzohlupheka nakakhulu. Ngakho, ngesikhathi icala banayo ukwenza e yengcebo inkantolo 300 kuya ruble ayizigidi 500..

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyazuzisa ongakhetha uyasijezisa ngaphansi Criminal Code ucabangela. Sikhuluma ubugebengu, ikakhulukazi, mayelana lapho ukukhangisa ukudayiswa izingane utshwala futhi senze noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile, mayelana nakwenzeka umsebenzi wezandla esinjalo indiva, futhi imikhiqizo efanayo ake izingane noma intsha kwelinye iphuzu ukuthengiswa akusona isikhathi sokuqala ezingu-180. Ngakho, kulesi simo, setha isigwebo kuze kufinyelele ayizinkulungwane ezingu-80. Ruble, noma umshikashika kwezimilo unyaka elilodwa. Inkantolo linganquma, futhi kuvinjelwe umsebenzi okwengeziwe njengoba cashier noma umdayisi.

Yisiphi isijeziso bangalindela nabathengisi owanika utshwala kubantu ngaphansi kwencazelo eyasungulwa engu-esitolo? Yiqiniso, sikhuluma amanethiwekhi ukuhweba, emisa umthetho onjalo ( 'Thengisa utshwala eminyakeni engaba ngu-21 "). Yingakho isijeziso umisa esitolo ngokwayo (ngokuvumelana isimiso, incazelo umsebenzi nokunye. D.).

Yini umdayisi?

Ake sithi Umthengisi amaphoyisa ekuthengisweni kotshwala ingane. Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezimweni ezinjalo, uyavuma amacala akhe, uthi mayelana abangelwe ubuwula bakhe nokunganaki. Yini kungaba ukuqhubeka izenzakalo? Isisebenzi ekuhwebeni kungadingeka akhokhe inhlawulo omkhulu futhi akazange ukubaleka? Ngokomthetho, kufanele kube njalo. Gwema umthwalo namanje ngeke isebenze, kodwa washintsha isigwebo ngempela. Kodwa kanjani? Kukhona izinketho ezimbili kukhona. Omunye - elula kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo: ukulivuma icala nibuze isigwebo esincane. Indlela yesibili efanelekayo kude akubona bonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi umdayisi namanje ebuzwa imibhalo ezincane, futhi babekwa icala. Esikhathini ipasipoti kwaba ngosuku olunqunyiwe lokuzalwa. Kamuva kwathi imibhalo babe inkohliso noma esewonke Kwebiwe. Okufanele ukwenze esimweni esinjalo? Uma silawula wazi ngandlela-thile le ezincane noma ukukholisa umahluleli ndaba iyiqiniso (by idatha ukubhekwa, bufakazi, njll .. etc ..), Ungase ukwazi nokunciphisa noma isiphi isijeziso futhi akazange amlandele.

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokugwema athwale icala umthetho okunjalo, njengoba ekuthengisweni kotshwala kwabancane (sihloko 14,16 kweKhodi Administrative) - kuba njalo imibhalo izimfuno intsha.

isiphetho

Russian ukuhlolwa ejensi unake out for iqiniso lokuthi ekuthengisweni kotshwala intsha akuyona kwenziwe. Ngakho, ezifana izinhlawulo omkhulu okuhloswe bavame ukonakalisa yokuxhuma. Ngokuvamile le njongo Rosalkogolregulirovanie komphangayo esitolo amalayisensi okudayisa izinhlobo zophuzo oludakayo.

Njengoba sekushiwo, ezingenhla ukucindezela ekuthengisweni kotshwala kwabancane bhalisiwe e Ikhodi Administrative we Russian Federation. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngaphambi Disemba 2013th, ngoba elifuze bekwehluke nenqubo isijeziso. Inani okuhle kungaqeda singadluli-ruble ayizigidi ezinhlanu, futhi isigwebo yemali zizokhokhiswa lowo okonile uqobo kuphela lapho ewela umthetho izikhathi eziningana. Yiqiniso, isamba ngalelo nani eliwubala enjalo ngempela isithiyo kwabanye osomabhizinisi, futhi ukulahlekelwa kuzona zambozwa inzuzo kusukela yokuthengisa utshwala. It kuvela ukuthi ngemva Disemba 2013 ukubaluleka lemali ivuswe inhlangano engokomthetho ukudayisa ubhiya izakhamuzi engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala, kwenyuke ngezinye izikhathi 10, okungukuthi cishe esilinganayo, kangakanani esikalini sokuphuza utshwala intsha kanzima anda.