Umdwebo weRakulskaya: izakhi eziyinhloko, umlando. Ubuciko bomuntu waseRussia

Akunakwenzeka ukuthi umdwebo we-rakul uyindlela eyaziwayo ye-craft yaseRussia. Naphezu kwalokhu, umdwebo onjalo ubuhle kakhulu futhi ubuchwepheshe, ngoba abanikazi bezisebenzi zabo basebenze kuwo, ababazi kahle ukuthi yini ababezama ukuyenza.

Ubuciko bezwe

Umdwebo we-Rakul ungenye yezinhlobo zobuciko bomuntu waseRashiya - izinhlobo zobuciko bomuntu, owavela emakhulwini amaningi edlule. Imikhiqizo yamakhosi ihlanganisa uhlamvu lukazwelonke nokuhlukile kwenduna ngayinye. Ubuciko bomdabu baseRussia bahlukaniswe ngemidwebo, izinto zendwangu, amathoyizi nemikhiqizo yensimbi.

Ukudweba ngezinkuni

Ukudweba kwe-Rakul ngezinkuni kuyisici sokuqala, esasuka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaqondakali, kodwa sanikeza izimpande ezijulile emasikweni aseRashiya. Ukudweba kwezinkuni ukukhwabanisa kweRussia, okwadumile amakhulu eminyaka edlule. Kwathatha izimpande, ngakho abesifazane baseRussia babenempahla eminingi yamapulangwe empilweni yabo, okwakungaba khona manje ukuze kuboniswe umbukiso wamamyuziyamu.

Ngokucacile, ukudweba kwendawo yasemakhaya kuhluke ngokuthi kuhlanganiswa, kepha akukhathali ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lolu hlobo lwemidwebo lwabonakala ngokuphawulekayo, futhi ngendlela efanayo yaphuma emfashini. Kodwa ushiye uphawu lwakhe emlandweni wezobuciko bomuntu waseRussia.

Uyini umdwebo we-rakul?

Ake sizame ukuqonda okwengeziwe endabeni yendaba yethu. Umdwebo we-Rakul wu- craft waseRashiya wesizwe, owavela esifundeni saseKrasnoborsky esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk saseRussia. Igama layo lihle futhi imidwebo yasendulo yamukelwa kusuka emfuleni ojulile, ojulile eRakulka, oyisidumbu saseNyakatho Dvina. Isikhungo samasiko sale ndawo yokudoba yisidolobha sase-Ulyanovsk. Lo mdwebo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili, uyingxenye yomdwebo wohlobo lwe-Severodvinsk. Kwavela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX, futhi ngawo-1930 kwaqala kancane kancane kwendabuko. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kudoba kwavela futhi kwadlula izizukulwane ngezizukulwane emndenini weVivyazev.

Umsuka

Phakathi nakho konke ukuthuthukiswa kwalo, ukudweba sekutholile izici ezibonakalayo kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umdwebo we-rakul uhluke kakhulu emisebenzini yezandla eziphumelele esifundeni. Ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwayo kwekhwalithi yobuciko, ukudoba kwakungekho ngaphansi kohwebo oludumile lwe-Permogorsk. Ngeshwa, imidwebo ethandwa kakhulu yasetshenziswa kuphela esifundeni saseCherevkovsky.

Emisebenzini yokuqala eyenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, umuntu angalandela umdwebo owaletha umdwebo wobuciko eduze nama-miniatures ombukiso wePomeranian okwenziwe eMfuleni weVig.

Emzaneni wase-Ulyanovsk esazijwayele kakade, nabirukh (ngokukhethwa amajikijolo) kanye namasondo ajikelezayo ayebhekwa ngumkhaya owodwa kuphela. Ama-Vityazevs adlulisa amakhono abo ngezizukulwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqiniso lokuthi akukho muntu emzaneni okwenza lo mdwebo okwakumangalisa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi umndeni wakwaViyazevs kwakuyizikholo zakudala ezazihlala ngasese futhi zivale ekukhulumisaneni nabanye abantu. Le nkulumo ingase ibe yinto eqinisile, ngoba amadolobha aseRussia amadala ukuxhumana, ukushintshanisa ulwazi nolwazi, imisebenzi evamile. Mhlawumbe, ukufihla ekuhlaselweni okuhlukahlukene, umndeni waphoqeleka ukushiya imisebenzi yabo evamile, njengezincwadi kanye nencwadi yokwakha ukuze zizinikele ezintweni zansuku zonke, futhi zigcine amasiko obuciko baseRussia yasendulo.

Incazelo

I-craft kazwelonke yayihlukaniswa izimbali zegolide neziphuzi. Ngokuvame ukwenziwa kwabo kuhlanganiswe nombala ocebile obomvu nombala obomvu. Ukuziqhenya komhlobiso wukuthi njalo kukhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu. Izakhi eziyinhloko zokuhlobisa amahlamvu. Umbala omnyama uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza umjikelezo. Emdwebeni we-rakul, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa imininingwane ehlukahlukene, njengezintuthwane, ama-curls nemifino. Amanye amasampula omzimba womzimba angaziqhayisa ngomhlobiso wemisipha emhlophe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umdwebo we-raskul unesakhiwo sakhe kanye nesimiso esicacile. Isisekelo samasondo ajikelezayo sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ingxenye engezansi igcwele umhlobiso ngesimo segatsha elimhlophe elinamahlamvu ahambisanayo namaqabunga amakhulu, futhi futhi ne-antenna enomnyama ecebile. Ngenhla yesikwele lapho inyoni yayivame ukuhlala khona, okuyinto ekubukeka ifana nento ejwayelekile phakathi kwe-magpie nenkukhu. Ingxenye ephezulu ihlala igatsha elinamagatsha amakhulu kakhulu, okunye okufana nefomu eliphindwe kabili nelithathu. Umdwebo wengxenye yangaphakathi kuwukuphindaphinda kwesisekelo, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziphansi nezingaphakathi.

Izinto

Ukudweba kukaRakulskaya, izakhi zazo eziningi, kunamaconsi, izintuthwane, iziplastiki, ama-curls noma ama-semicircle. Inhloso eyinhloko yalezi zakhi ukuhlobisa umkhiqizo. Zonke izikhwama zibulawa, ikakhulukazi ezimnyama. Uma lezi zindlovu zitholakala emlandweni onemibala, zenzelwa imibala emhlophe. Ezinye izingcezu kumele zidonseke ngebhashi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukudweba kwe-rakul kubhekisela kuhlobo olucacile.

Ukuhlobisa

Umfula waseRakulka wanikeza amakhosi amaningi amakhosi, kanti eyona eyinhloko iyisihlobiso esiphuthumayo, esikhumbuza amaphethini okudlala omfula. Kumele kuqashelwe i-plasticity ye-element ngayinye, ngoba, naphezu kwesakhiwo esiqinile, amafomu ahlale ebushelelezi futhi ehlangene. Umhlobiso womdwebo we-rakul unemifino ye-liana, ehlotshiswe ngamaqabunga amakhulu ahlanganiswe nesitshalo. Yini ehlukanisa le mhlobiso kusuka eBoretsky, Permogorsk noPuchuzh ikhono? Isici sokuqala yisihloko se-vegetative, esivela kuyo yonke imidwebo. Ngisho nalapho izilwane zikhonjiswa khona, kungenzeka njalo ukuthola izakhi eziningi zezitshalo. Amahlamvu ayenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngesimo esenziwe phansi, okuyi-laconic futhi ejikelezayo. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuphawula i-avarice yesikimu sombala, ngoba imibala ehlukahlukene ye-rakulskih evulekayo ayitholakali. Kumele futhi kuqashelwe isici esibalulekile njengokusetshenziswa kokonga kwezinto ezincane, okuyisici esibukhali esivela kwezinye izinhlobo zemidwebo eziseduze.

Izakhiwo zokutshala

Futhi kufanele kuqaphele uhlobo oluhle lwezitshalo. Lona ukubonakaliswa kwesibonakaliso sabantu, esasihlotshaniswa nabantu baseNyakatho YaseRussia. Izimbali ezimnandi, ezimibalabala, zezimbali zisho injabulo endlini, ingcebo engapheliyo, isivuno esicebile. Amanani aqondiswa kumvelo kamama, lapho abantu becela umusa nokuzala. Ungakwazi futhi ukuphawula isimo sezinyoni zezinyoni, inqubo yokuqaliswa esesixoxwe ngenhla. Izinyoni ezincane, kodwa ezikude ezinomsila ophuthumayo - yilokhu "okugqamile" komdwebo we-rakul.

I-Technique

Umdwebo weRakulskaya yi-IZO isifundo kulabo abasanda kuwuqonda. Cabangela, isibonelo, indlela yokudweba inyoni. Okokuqala, sichaza izinyoni ezivame ukuboniswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngokuvamile liyinyoni encane enekhanda elincanyana, elihlotshiswe nge-crest color. Umzimba omncane, kodwa onzima. Iphiko elilodwa livuswa. Iphiko lidonsa ngesimo somugqa omncane olugobile ngemivimbo eminingi ebonisa izimpaphe.

Isithombe sidonselwa uhlaka olumnyama. I-shading enhle akufanele ibonakale, ngakho kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphakathi kwezithombe. Uma inyoni ekhethiwe ingamashumi amane, imibala emnyama nemhlophe kufanele ihlanganiswe ngokuvumelana. Uma inkukhu iboniswa, khona-ke isibalo akumele sibe sikhulu kuphela, kodwa sibonakale sikhanyisa kakhulu.

Ukulandelana kwezigaba

Manje sizoxoxa ngokulandelana kwezinyoni ezidwebayo. Okokuqala, umlomo wezinyoni kanye nesifuba sayo kufanele imelwe cishe ezingeni elifanayo. Khona-ke ikhanda elincane lidonsa, elidlulisela kahle emzimbeni ophelele. Okulandelayo, kufanele uhlele ngokucophelela iphiko bese ulidweba. Ngalesi sigaba kulandela umdwebo othakazelisayo kakhulu we-trunk. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ubuyele emuva ku-tuft bese uyilungisa, bese udweba amapayipi nomsila.

Uma kukhona izimbali ngasemuva, khona-ke zidonsa futhi zidwetshwe ekuphenduleni kokugcina. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaqabunga angapenda kuphela ema-shades angu-2-3. Zingajikelezwa ezimnyama noma ezimhlophe, kuye ngesithombe esiphezulu.

Izisebenzi zikazwelonke zesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk

Umlando wokudweba i-rakul akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kweminye imisebenzi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lwakhiwe ngokuhlukile kwezinye ubuciko, kwakusathuthukiswa ngabantu ababeseduze nezisusa zezwe labo bomhlaba. Isifunda sase-Arkhangelsk sidume ngokubambisana kwayo, imidwebo ye-Permogorsk, i-roebuck, ukudweba kwe-Mesensk ngezinkuni, tetera, amathoyizi kanye noKargopol.

Ukudweba kweBoretskaya, uma kufushane, kubonakala ngemibala ekhanyayo, kanye namafomu weJomethrikhi. Umdwebo wonke uzungeza isifunda esimnyama esicebile. Izigcawu zohlobo zilula, njengoba zibonisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke yabantu. Imidwebo engaxhunyiwe ibonisa imbali enkulu, okuyiwona ama-berries, amaqabunga, ama-curlicues nezinyoni.

Amathoyizi e-Karpogol ayigatsha lamanzi. Okokuqala benza izinto ezijwayelekile zasendlini, kodwa emva kokubanjwa kwababumbi futhi baqala ukwakha amathoyizi amahle njengamafomu abantu nezilwane. Lo mkhakha wokudoba wawumndeni owodwa, futhi izimfihlo zanikezwa ngezizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

I-roe deer yimikhiqizo evela enhlama, ebhakawa ngezindlela zemifanekiso ehlukene. Ekuqaleni babekulungele uKhisimusi kuphela, kodwa ke i-roe yaba yinto enhle kakhulu. Ukudweba kwe-Mezenskaya ngezinkuni kwakhiwa kuphela ezingeni elifuywayo, kepha lokhu akuyinciphisi inani layo lobuciko. Ubuqili balo mdwebo wukuthi ucebile ngemininingwane emincane ehlukahlukene, elandelwa ngokucacile. Ithoyizi lezinkuni ezinjengezinyoni zenjabulo yayithandwa kakhulu kubantu basePomor. Zenziwa ngenhlanhla, ngakho zaletha izindaba ezinhle.

I-Teters - umkhiqizo we-gingerbread, owawumkhuba. Amakhukhi aphekwa ngezinsuku ezikhethekile zesonto, ngokuyinhloko ngosuku lwebafa abangama-Forty Martyrs, okwakubanjwe ngosuku lwama-equinox we-vernal, ngoMashi 22. Imidwebo ye-Permogory ibonakala ngeziza zezitshalo. Amaphethini alawulwa umlando omhlophe namaphethini abomvu.

Ukufingqa lesi sihloko, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi umdwebo weRakul ungumdala omdala, kodwa obuciko obuhle kakhulu owadalwa ngumndeni ohlukile, lapho wadluliselwa khona kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni. Amapharele anjalo wokudala ubuciko kufanele aqoqwe ngokufutheka futhi agcinwe ngokucophelela ememori yabantu.