Umdlavuza wegazi: izimpawu kwabesifazane. Izimpawu ze-umdlavuza wegazi e abadala

umdlavuza wegazi oluthinta ngqo zokukhiqiza umsebenzi kwamangqamuzana egazi. inqubo Ebulalayo ngokuvamile iqala umnkantsha. Omnkantsha stem cells sivuthwe futhi asathuthuka, ukuthola lwengqamuzana yegazi izici omunye ezintathu izinhlobo: kwamangqamuzana abomvu engeziwe, leukocyte noma izinhlayiya zegazi. Phambi lomdlavuza ezivamile yeselula inqubo ukuthuthukiswa kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa ukwanda okungaqondiswa kwamadolobha egazi ongaphilile. Lokhu amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ezinye ekuvimbeleni ukuqaliswa imisebenzi esemqoka kwegazi. Ikakhulukazi, wephule tindlela tekuvikela ezifweni futhi ukuvimbela ukopha ezinzima.

zinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko yomdlavuza pathologies, egqoke jikelele eyaziwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza wegazi." Izimpawu (izimpawu), yokwelapha kanye nokuhlumelelisa kuphazamiseka ziyahlukahluka nohlobo nasesigabeni sokukhula isifo.

• Umdlavuza wegazi. Kulesi sifo, amangqamuzana omdlavuza zitholakala igazi umnkantsha. The main isici - ekuqongeleleni okusheshayo normal egazi amhlophe (WBCs). Ukwandisa isibalo sabo sincane ukungakwazi ukuze alwe namagciwane, futhi kuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa evamile abomvu egazi ashaye nama-platelet.
• Lymphoma. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza kuthinta uhlelo lymph, okuyinto obangela excretion uketshezi okweqile kusukela umzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba. Lymphocyte - uhlobo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. lymphocyte okungavamile aguqule zibe lymphoma amaseli nande buthelela e-lymph kanye nezinye izicubu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi umdlavuza abhubhise isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.
• Myeloma. Ngakho-ke ngokuthi umdlavuza plasma amaseli - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi obhekene kokukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ngokumelene zezifo namagciwane. Umdlavuza obukela phansi amasosha omzimba, buthaka emzimbeni.

wegazi

Umdlavuza wegazi - umdlavuza kwezicubu igazi-ukwakha, kuhlanganise umnkantsha futhi uhlelo lymph.

Kukhona izinhlobo eziningi lesi sifo. Ezinye zazo kuvamile ezinganeni, elinye - kwabadala.

Izimpawu ze-umdlavuza wegazi e abadala (wegazi) kuyahluka kuncike subtype lesi sifo. Nokho, omunye singakwazi ukubona ukuthi inombolo yezimfanelo ezivamile, phakathi okuyinto zibhaliswe:

• imfiva noma Ukugodola;
• ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona futhi ngenxa yobuthakathaka;
• yizifo njalo noma okunzima;
• ukuncipha komzimba ngokungenasizathu;
• avuvukele lymph node, isibindi lakhulisiwe nobe ubende;
• ukuthambekela ukopha futhi nokulimala;
• umongozima njalo;
• ukubukeka izindawo abomvu esikhumbeni (petechiae);
• anda ukujuluka, ikakhulukazi ebusuku;
• ubuhlungu bone;
• ukudleka kwamathambo.

Qiniseka ukuthi ubonane nodokotela uma ukhathazekile noma yiziphi izimpawu ngenhla.

Umdlavuza wegazi Izimpawu zivame ukungabi esengqondweni iyacaca futhi ngokucacile. Basuke enganakekile noma isibaluli izifo ezivame kakhulu - ezinjengomkhuhlane.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlaziya ngokwawo unikelwé esandleni ukuze kuhlonzwe nezinye izifo, ikhomba umdlavuza wegazi. Izimbangela, izimpawu (izimpawu), ngelashwa ezimweni ezinjalo kufanele uhlamvu ngabanye.

engcupheni

Kunezici ukuthi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nezinhlobo ezithile wegazi. Bahlanganisa kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukwelashwa lomdlavuza olunye uhlobo. Umdlavuza wegazi zingayisongela ezigulini eziye zabhekana inkambo egcwele radio- noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
• kwezinso bofuzo. Ingozi ekhulile yemiphumela wegazi ekuthuthukiseni kuhambisana izifo ezifana zofuzo like-Down syndrome.
• Ukuchayeka namakhemikhali athile. A engozini oluthile benzene, okuyinto ingxenye uphethiloli.
• Ukubhema. Ukusetshenziswa osikilidi kwandisa ingozi yokuba acute wegazi myeloid.
• Umdlavuza wegazi umlando womndeni. Njengezilwane eziningi lesi sifo, wegazi kungadalwa yokuba izici zofuzo eziyingozi.

Nokho, akubona bonke abantu ukugula, ene-leukemia at-engozini amaqembu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziguli ezingaba oncologists ngokuvamile abaqapheli ukuthi zisengozini umdlavuza wegazi. Izimpawu kubantu besifazane zifana kakhulu izimpawu ukwehluleka hormone noma izifo ezithile.

myeloma

Myeloma (kuhlanganise multiple) - umdlavuza plasma amaseli. Amaseli ukusiza ukuze alwe namagciwane ngokudala amasosha omzimba eqaphela futhi wabhubhisa izimuncagazi.

Myeloma kubangela ukunqwabelana amaseli angavamile umnkantsha, lapho kancane kancane esikhundleni amaseli enempilo. Kunalokho ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ewusizo izimila anomdlavuza zokukhiqiza amaprotheni normal, kamuva kubangela izinkinga kanye nezinso.

Myeloma akudingi ukwelashwa esebenzayo, uma isiguli akusho abaphethwe yizimpawu. Uma kukhona izimpawu ezifanele, udokotela ekunika nezinqubo nemithi lula ukubonakaliswa izimpawu lomdlavuza wegazi kwalesi silwane.

Esikhathini kusaqalwa isifo izimpawu lomdlavuza igazi abantu abadala, ngokuvamile engekho. Imibandela elandelayo kungenzeka kamuva:

• ukungakuthandi ukudla;
• ukukhathala;
• isiyezi noma disorientation ngesikhathi nendawo;
• ithambo ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi emuva noma esifubeni;
• isicanucanu;
• ukuqunjelwa;
• yizifo njalo;
• kwesisindo;
• ubuthakathaka noma ndikindiki izinyawo;
• ukoma ngokweqile.

engcupheni

Imibandela elandelayo kwandisa ingozi yokungenwa myeloma:

• Ubudala. Ezimweni eziningi lesi sifo sitholakale umuntu iziguli abaneminyaka engu 60-70.
• ubulili besilisa. Izimpawu (izimpawu) zomdlavuza igazi kwabesifazane zenzeka kancane njalo kunabantu.
• Negroid. Ngo abamnyama ingozi myeloma kabili kunakunoma kwabaMhlophe-iziguli.
• Ukuba khona emlandweni uphethwe isifo "gammopathy monoclonal of omsakazo akwaziwa". amaphesenti Omunye iziguli lesi sifo plasma amaseli kamuva enesifo somdlavuza wegazi.

lymphoma

Lymphoma - umdlavuza kohlelo lymph, ezakhelwe ukulwa nesifo.

Uhlelo lymph kuhlanganisa zamanzi (lymph nezindlala), ubende, i-thymus (thymus) indlala futhi umnkantsha. Umdlavuza kungathinta zonke lezi zinto, kanye nezinye izitho zawo wonke umzimba.

Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalesi sifo, kodwa okokuqala, ihlukaniswe yaba ezimbili:

• Lymphoma Hodgkin sika.
• lymphoma Non-Hodgkin sika.

Ukwelashwa lincike ohlotsheni nasesigabeni sokukhula umdlavuza, kanye izifiso zesiguli. Ngokuvamile esetshenziswa umsakazo, ngelashwa nangemithi, begazi yokwelapha izidakamizwa futhi ekunqandeni cell ukufakelwa, esiza ukumisa umdlavuza wegazi. Izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa isifo zinqunywa umuntu ngamunye.

lymphoma Hodgkin sika

Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli isifo okuthiwa yisifo Hodgkin sika. Lapho lolu hlobo lomdlavuza kutholakala ukukhula okungavamile amaseli kohlelo lymph ukuthi ungasabalalisa ukudlula lokho. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka ikhono okhathazekile umzimba ukuze simelane izifo.

izindlela ezintsha uphethwe kanye nokwelashwa Hodgkin lymphomas ukunikeza iziguli ezine leli themba uphethwe umuntu alulame ngokugcwele. Okwamanje, umhlahlo uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthola ngesikhathi esifanele kanye nokwelashwa isifo kufanele uyinaka zimpawu ezilandelayo eyinhloko umdlavuza wegazi (lymphoma Hodgkin sika):

• Buhlungu evuvukele lymph node entanyeni, ikhwapha noma imbilapho.
• ukukhathala okungamahlalakhona.
• Fever noma Ukugodola.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku (ebusuku komzimba).
• Ukuncipha komzimba ngokungenasizathu (amaphesenti ayishumi noma ngaphezulu kunesisindo somzimba).
• Ukungakuthandi ukudla.
• Ukulunywa.
• Ukwandiswa luvelo utshwala ubuhlungu e-lymph ngemva kokuphuza.

engcupheni

Yikuphi kungabangela umdlavuza wegazi? Izici ezandisa ingozi lymphoma Hodgkin sika, zihlanganisa kwalezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ubudala. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza kutholakala iziguli abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 kuya ku-30, kanye labo Usufike engu-55 ubudala.
• Lymphoma kuyinto umlando womndeni. Uma isihlobo esiseduze une-lymphoma anoma yiluphi uhlobo (kokubili Hodgkin futhi okungezona Hodgkin sika), isiguli isengozini, njengoba nidle ifa lokubusiswa umdlavuza wegazi. Izimpawu e abesifazane ngokuvamile ebonakala ngokucacile eyanele futhi uvumele ukuxilongwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
• UPawulu. In amadoda, lesi sifo kwenzeka kancane kaningi ngaphezu kwabesifazane.
• ukutheleleka Langaphambilini nge Epstein-Barr igciwane. I izifo ezibangwa Epstein-Barr igciwane (ezifana mononucleosis esithathelanayo), ukwandisa amathuba lymphoma Hodgkin sika.
• Ukuba buthaka kwezindlela izivikeli mzimba. I aphakama uma isiguli sekutholakele ukuthi sine- HIV / AIDS noma uma isiguli wahlupheka isitho ukufakelwa, okuyinto kudinga ukusetshenziswa imithi yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma sika

Lapho lymphoma-non-Hodgkin sika, izimila ukuthuthukisa kusuka lymphocyte - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

Lesi sifo kuvamile kakhulu kuka-lymphoma Hodgkin sika. Ngokusho nezibalo, zenyathi evamile umdlavuza igazi ekubhebhetselisa ezinkulu B-cell lymphoma (DKKL) kanye lymphoma follicular.

Ngezizathu subjective akusiyo njalo kungenzeka ukuba ngokushesha ukunquma umdlavuza wegazi. Izimpawu kubantu besifazane njengoba ezingabantu, kubandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukuvuvukala Buhlungu ka-lymph entanyeni, ikhwapha noma imbilapho.
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala esiswini.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela noma iphika.
• Ukukhathala.
• Ukwandiswa nezinga lokushisa komzimba.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku (ebusuku komzimba).
• Ukuncipha komzimba.

engcupheni

Ezinye izimo kungandisa amathuba okuhlaselwa lymphoma-non-Hodgkin sika. Phakathi kwabo:

• Ukuthatha imithi okuyinto sicindezeleke izivikeli mzimba. Imithi yalolu hlobo isetshenziswa kwezitho zomzimba.
• Izifo ezibangelwa ama-virus ezithile nama-bacterium. Amagciwane elihlobene ne ukuthuthukiswa lymphoma-non-Hodgkin zihlanganisa i-HIV ne Epstein-Barr igciwane. Phakathi kwamagciwane ayingozi ikakhulukazi kuba Helicobacter pylori, elibangela izilonda esiswini kanye nezilonda duodenal.
• Nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali. Ezinye izinto, kuhlanganise nalezo ezisetshenziswa ukubulala izinambuzane ukhula, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, kubangele lomdlavuza wegazi. Izimpawu kubantu besifazane zivamise ukwenzeka masinyane kakhulu kunabesilisa.
• yobudala Abadala. lymphoma Non-Hodgkin sika singenzeka ngasiphi yobudala, kodwa ngokuvamile kakhulu ke sitholakale iziguli abaneminyaka engama-60.

scary izibalo

E-US, sitholakele "umdlavuza wegazi" ibekwe cishe njalo ngemva kwemizuzu engu ezintathu. Njalo ngamaminithi angu-eziyishumi kusuka wegazi, myeloma noma lymphoma ubulala umuntu American - abantu mayelana 152 ngosuku.

Bangaphezu kuka 310.000 US siphila kwathiwa unesifo "wegazi", cishe 731 000 aphathe lymphoma Hodgkin noma lymphoma-non-Hodgkin sika, 89.000 benenkinga myeloma. Isibikezelo kuyinto esihle kwabamele emncintiswaneni European.