Umculi Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich: Biography, lokusungula

I bhá, yasekuqaleni umculi kwekhulu lama-20 Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich kade ephila ukuphila ezithakazelisayo futhi engenakulibaleka. Wadabula kwethonya abaculi ezahlukene, imfuno wamavukelambuso nokuthola indawo yayo art. ifa lakhe namuhla imisebenzi abangamakhulu amaningana, okuyizinto amaqoqo amaningi emhlabeni wonke.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Mashkov Ilya Ivanovich wazalelwa edolobhaneni Mikhailovskoye endaweni Don Cossacks (namuhla Volgograd esifundeni) ibe ongumlimi emkhayeni ompofu. Ilya kwaba ngingowokuqala ezinganeni eziyisishiyagalolunye, futhi imali kubazali, wahlanganyela ukuhweba kuyinto engasho lutho, wayengekho imfundo yezingane. Boy, ngubani kusukela zisencane wabonisa traction omkhulu futhi ikhono ukudweba, wathunyelwa esikoleni lesifunda, kodwa eminyakeni engu-11, wamthabatha; futhi ngithunyelwa ukuyosebenza ngakho wayengase basize ekusekeleni umkhaya. Wayesebenza esitolo umthengisi izithelo amahora 14 emi ngezinyawo zabo, ukukhonza amakhasimende, wazonda umsebenzi, kodwa kwakungekho okukhethayo.

Ubizo kanye nokuqeqesha

kamuva Mashkov Ilya wayosebenza esitolo umthengisi, umsebenzi Kwakungelula, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esiphathiswe ukupenda amabhanela izimpawu. Lo msebenzi wamnika injabulo enkulu. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula lapho ikopishwe titfombe emaphephabhukwini, enza imidwebo kwendawo, izinyoni. Umfana wayethanda ukudweba. Nakuba isimo sayo sezimali sibambekile kakhulu, wayaleza ebhokisini mail upende. Ngolunye usuku uthisha Borisoglebskaya sokuzivocavoca ikhombe ukudweba umfana bambuza ukuthi ufuna ukufunda. Ilya wamangala kakhulu ngoba ayengazi nakwazi ukuthi ungafunda ukudweba. Ngakho-ke waqala uthole amakhono lokuqala nezeluleko yathishela lesikole. Lokhu kwakumenza akwazi ukuthutha baqonde ubizo lakhe futhi wazibekela umgomo - ukuba abe umculi.

Ngo-1900 ngesikhathi engena eMoscow School of Painting. Lapha akufunda othisha oluvelele: Konstantin Korovin, Pasternak, Valentin Serov, Vasnetsov. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala yesikole Mashkov babonisa ikhono elimangalisayo futhi uhlamvu ome njengeqanda. Wayethanda kakhulu ihaba, ngokweqile umbala, ne isikhathi esiningi wanika ukuthuthukiswa amasu ukudweba, kwaba obusebenzayo kakhulu. Njengoba abafundi abathola iholo eliphansi e esikoleni, wathenjiswa okuyingxenye isikhathi, futhi njengoba 1904 Mashkov iqala akunika izifundo, ngiziphilisa.

intsha wamavukelambuso

Mashkov Ilya angabacwasi ngokushesha uthola ngezinyawo zakhe. Ngo-1906, wakha yena a studio esakhiweni the Polytechnic Society. Kungaba ikhaya lakhe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zokudala. Ngo-1907, wahlangana ne Petrom Konchalovskim, umhlangano waba nethonya elikhulu umculi. Ngo-1908, umdwebi luhamba eYurophu, ngokuvakashela France, England, Austria, eJalimane, e-Italy, eSpain, lapho ehlangana izitayela ezintsha in umdwebo.

Ngo-1910, Mashkov zingaxoshwa esikoleni, kodwa wayenobulephero kakade wathola indlela yakhe. Umdwebi namanje omningi, ukuthatha izifundo studio ngoKonstantin Korovin, ngokubhala ngokwezifiso ekumeni futhi namanje Lifes. Wabekezelela, kuhlanganise ngesikhathi Salon esijana eParis, lapho umsebenzi wakhe ukuthenga Russian UMuphi Morozov. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, lo mdwebo Mashkov ukuhlukanisa umbono ongavamile zomhlaba nazo zonke izinto ezizungezile. Ubizwa benamandla imibono wamavukelambuso eYurophu futhi bemagange ukushintsha art Russian.

"Jack Diamonds"

Ngo-1911, Mashkov Ilya Petrom Konchalovskim base umphakathi kwezobuciko "Jack Diamonds." Okokuqala, ngo-1910 kwaba khona embukisweni elinegama elifanayo, kulandelwa abaculi abanazo ukudala umphakathi of the gama elifanayo. kakhulu Igama ukwethusa izethameli, wayebhekisela iziboshwa zezombusazwe. Moscow lihlose ukubeka abaculi ukwenza revolution ubuciko, futhi baphumelela ngokugcwele. Babephikisana emasikweni okwangempela zezemfundo, watshumayela ukubusa Impressionist, Fauvist futhi Cubist imibono.

Mashkov wayengomunye walaba ideologists omphakathi. Kuyinto ngiyabonga kuye, "Jacks" kaningi zaveza namanje Lifes, izimpawu okusikhumbuza esitolo. Abaculi bazama ifomu nombala. Ngokungafani amaningi avant-garde, Mashkov kanye namaqabane amangalelwe umnqopho kwezobuciko. Eminyakeni 1911-14 umculi unobhala we umphakathi, uhlanganyela konke nemibukiso yayo. Ngo-1914 washiya iSonto "Jack Diamonds" futhi wathumela phesheya.

Mashkov futhi "World of Art"

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe Mashkov engena "World of Art" - inhlangano eyaba khona kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni united isizwe esivelele kakhulu abaculi Russian. Ngaso nje ngalesi sikhathi, band imemezela kungenzeka yokudala zabuna ezintsha, kuba umcondvo lobalulekile "okusha Academy" Alexander Benois. Engxenyeni 10-yalolucwaningo ka XX wangekhulu lesibili okuthiwa kwakunzima abaculi okuqondene kulo mphakathi. Nakuba "World of Art" - inyunyana zimise negalelo elikhulu yobuciko isiRashiya, ngesikhathi Mashkov kakade kwaba, kunalokho, ubunye esisemthethweni. Umdwebi uhlanganyela nemibukiso izisekelo emzabalazweni. Phakathi nale nkathi, Mashkov namanje omningi, kodwa kancane kancane kuza a okwangempela entsha.

Association of Abaculi of Revolutionary Russia

Ngo-1925, Mashkov Ilya kuthatha umphakathi AHRR entsha, okuyinto likhuthaza a, izinhloso entsha evula. Empeleni, waba omunye ideologists lokuqala of ngokoqobo sezenhlalo. Umdwebi kungokwalabo inhlangano kuze nokwahlukana yayo ngo-1929. Phakathi nale nkathi, amadlingozi impilo entsha ujabule, ekumeni of abaholi ukwakhiwa, namanje ziphile inala yokudla. Moscow abadwebi nozakwethu wangaphambili Mashkov, abaqondi kwezifiso zakhe ezintsha, abaningi babo abaphila ekudingisweni. Ilya Ivanovich uhlala e-USSR futhi isekela ngokuzeleko imibono emisha. Ngo-1930 Mashkov wabhala isithombe ideologically lesifanele: ". Isinkwa namaSoviet" "Ukubingelela Congress 17 CPSU (b)",

Phakathi nempi, Mashkov uhlala Abramtsevo, zaveza ekumeni lamasosha abalimele, abasebenzi labaqaphi elingemuva. Mashkov Late usibukeli salo sengqondo sokungafuni okuhle ngendlela engakholeki. art owaziwa Yakov Tugendhold bathi inguqulo yakhe iyabonakala "uthando enempilo zenyama egqamile futhi igazi." Waligcina uthando lwakhe ihaba kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina.

Sikhungo umsebenzi

Ilya Mashkov ukuphila wonke siye sathela izithelo kakhulu, njengoba uhlanganyela ngentshiseko embukisweni umsebenzi wakhe. Wahlanganyela nemibukiso eminingi ebalulekile ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Lo mcimbi "Jack Diamonds", "World of Art". Ngo-1916, i- "Exhibition of wesimanje Umdwebo Russian" kubonisa imisebenzi 70, kwaba kekulu esaphila embukisweni Ili Mashkova. Kusukela 20s umculi usimisile phesheya e-Venice, London, New York. Eminyakeni 30 kwamandla Soviet ubumnandi ithwala imidwebo Mashkov kuyo yonke imizi emikhulu yezwe.

umsebenzi Sikhungo

Eningini ukuphila Ilya Mashkov, umculi, umdwebi, wafundisa. Eseyinsizwa, wahlakulela indlela yakhe siqu yokufundisa Umdwebo kanye Umdwebo. esikoleni sakhe, okuyinto wavula e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lalizoba emaphakathi studio AHRR. Phakathi abafundi bakhe kwakufanele Falk, Tatlin, Osmerkin, Mukhina.

Ngemva inguquko, umculi ubefundisa, abasebenza ngezifundo ezehlukene ngesikhathi Military Academy futhi VHUTEINe.

yobumfihlo

Ilya Mashkov wabonisa uthando lwakhe ekuphileni futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Wayengumuntu umthandi omkhulu ladies washada kathathu. unkosikazi Okokuqala kwaba Italian Sofia Arentsvari, Mashkov engumkabo ngo-1905, ngemva konyaka kwazalwa indodana umculi Valentin. Waba unjiniyela design, waboshwa ngo-1937. unkosikazi wesibili ngo-1915 baba umculi Fedorova Elena Fedorovna. Inkosikazi yesithathu wayebuye umculi: ngo-1922 Mashkov Danilova washada Maria Ivanovna.

Legacy kanye inkumbulo

Ilya Mashkov, ogama imidwebo kuthiwa kakhulu baziswa abathandi imidwebo, wafa Mashi 20, 1944 at dacha kwakhe Abramtsevo. Washiya ifa elikhulu. imidwebo yakhe manje amaqoqo emadolobheni 78 emhlabeni. Iqoqo elikhulu kunawo wonke umfelokazi umculi yanikeza Volgograd Museum of Art. imidwebo yakhe awavamile endalini bese ethengisiwe izizumbulu. Ngakho, lo mdwebo "Izimbali" lathengiswa 3.5 million dollars, futhi "Namanje Life nge Izithelo" - I-$ 7.2 million.

Ukudala Mashkov sika ufundwa izazimlando zobuciko, yena ukunikezela incwadi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe e Volgograd ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Imemori umdwebi ubalekela, embukisweni imisebenzi yakhe aphethwe ngezikhathi eminyuziyamu ezinkulu. Ngakho, ngo-2014, imisebenzi kamuva ezaboniswa eMoscow, mbukiso waba yimpumelelo enkulu.